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Aircraft Torpedo camera User manual
User manual for Aircraft Torpedo camera. 37 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Brand
- Aircraft
- Model / document
- Aircraft Torpedo camera
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 37
- File size
- 1.2 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 4 · Read text
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GENERAIJ INSTRUCTIONS ON
ATRCRAFT TORpEDO CAMERA, TypE I 0R TypE F_46 i\r
I Note: see arso Bureau of Aeronautics rnstructions.
-.ti/ 1. PURPOSE. The purpose of the Aircraft rorpedow Camera is to determine the resul_t of an aerial
torpedo attack. The camera, which is of British
I
design, is attached to the torpedo carrying air-
craft and bore-sighted with aircraft's line of
fright. The camera is electricalry operated and
connected to the torpedo rerease circuit so that
an exposure is made at the time of real or simu_
lated torpedo release. The resulting photograph,
ztt x 7t'in size, will show the target ship, and
when analyzed by means of the Assessing Equip-
ment, will yield information on the flight atti-
tude of the aircraft at the time of torpedo drop,
the range, lead angIe, target angle, and whether
or not a hit has been scored.
sr*i*t'' 2. When used for training, the Torpedo Camera
I provides a method of torpedo practice without theI
attendant difficulties of using rear torpedoes;
while und.er actual combat conditions, the photo-
graphs give a positive means of target identifica-
tion as well as a check on pilot technique.
5. DESCRIFIION. The camera is equipped with a
high quality 5'r wide angle lens and a louvre
shutter having speed of aboutl/loo of a second.
A special film is employed, giving four exposures
per loading. This is a snecial spooling of
super-xx Panchromatic firm wound. on a standard
#l2O spool. The camera recycles in about bl
seconds during which time the film is automati-
cally ruound into position for the next exposure.
As only one torpedo is dropped per run, the bl
second recycring time is deemed adequate for the purpose.
,r4View original page 4Page 5 · Read text
4. M0UNTING. The camera is mounted, by means of
the adjustable mounting bracket, to the aircraft
either below, abover or within a wingr ofi top of
the fuselage, or in any convenient location
where its forvrard angle of view of 77" on the
horizontal axis and 50o on the vertical axis will
be clear of obstruction. The camera must be
accessible for removal of the magazine in chang-
ing film. It will be noted. that there are wedge
plates on both top and bottom of the camera to
accept the adjustable mounting brar.;ket. These
are to permit mounting of the camera either above
or below the wing, WITH ,THE CAMERA AT AIJJ TIMES
IN ITS_ERECT 0R RIGHT-SIDE-UP EOSITION. Provision
must be made for electrical connections to the
camera receptacle.
5. AIRCRAFT. Provision for mounting the camera
will eventually be incorporated in a1I torpedo-
camying aircraf t . TBF-I airplanes subsequent t o
number 05877 incorporate this provision which Gon-sists of a mounting plate on the lower side of the \,/'-/
port wing together with approprlate electrical
connections. Information on mounting the camera
on other aircraft will be forthcoming at a later
dat e.
6. EITECTRICAIJ CIRCUII. The electrical circuit of
the @If be found in Figure (A) ,
while Figure (B), which is a reproduction of
Bureau of Aeronautics drawing R-510A, shows the
required airplane circuit. The cameras are either
for L2 or for 24 volt operation and are NOT inter-
changeable.
7. BORE-SIGHTING: A ground glass and mirror
attachment is provided for bore-sighting the
oamera after lt is mounted. on the airplane. To
accomplish this, it will be necessary to Jack up
the tail of the airplane, aligning it with a dis-
tant object or template by means of the torpedo
director which should be set on its zero train
position. The ground. glass is placed on the back
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of the camera with the vertical cross-hair on the
registration notches in the film prane. with the
shutter open, done by operating the manual shutt,er
control on the outside end of the camera body
opposite the electrical connection, the image of
the distant object or the template mark shourd be
brought to the crosshairs on the ground glass by
means of the vertical and horizontal adjustment in
'the adjustable mounting bracket. These are oper-
ated by turning the.two slotted screws at the
sides of the mount by means of the knurr-knobbed
wrench provided for the purpose. When the
alignment is correct, the mount bracket should be
locked by means of the large wheer and wired for
security. The mirror attachment is for viewing the
ground.-glass where it is not possible to do so f rom the r€&rr CARE qH0utD_BE ,TAKEry Tq sEE THAT
IHE gHullnn_I!_g!0sEp BEFORE .rHE MAcAzrNEj{RE_ PlAcED. rf a temprate is used for bore-sighting,
it should be so constructed that the axis of the
Torpedo camera lens will be parallel to the line of sight of the torpedo director.
_-*. 8. ITOADING. The loading of the film in the
magazine is similar to the l0ading of standard.
amateur cameras. Both spools should be carefully
seated, with the take-up spool on the side which
is geared to the magazine drive-dog. The paper
leader shourd be threaded into the slot of the
take-up spool and sec'red. by one turn of the
spool. After the back is firmly in place, the
magazine dog shourd be turned four complete
revolutions, counting them by means of the red
dots, after which the magazine shourd be repraced.
on the camera. IN.itEpITACII\lq THE BACK, II IS
ESSENTIAI THAT THE RIDD DOTS ON-II{E Dgq AND-NNAC^q,-
zrNE .BE rrrNED uP BEFORE rHn UfqAZ.rNEJg pi,lcno oll
THE_CAMERA. With the magazine in place, two
exposure cycles should be mad.e by means of the
torpedo rerease switch to permit the lead.er to bo
completely wound off and the firm to be brought
into place for the first exposureo The camera
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I
2J I penetrating the camera and damaging the mechani:m.
i
II This cover should have an opening for the lens
Ili' hood, should lace up the rear, and should be left
on whenever the camera is nounted bn the airplane
in an exposed positior:.
11. FrrrM rDENTrFrcATrON. 0n the bottom of the
camera is a recording chamber with irluminating
lamps and a lens to throw an image of a watch or
card onto one corner of the film. rt is suggested
that identification cards be inserted. in the
recording box, such card to contain suitable nurn-
erals or initials to identify the particular film
after processing. rt wilr be up to individual
squadrons to work out tvays and means of identify-
ing films by squadrons, planes, pilots, or
cameras, in order that the results may be assigned
to the correct pilot and fright. The firm should
be developed in any convenient developer for a
normal rength of time for the high speed super-xX
Film. As onry the negative wirr be required for
assessment, prints will not in general be made
unress especiarry requested for target identifica-
tion purpososo
L2. Information on the Assessing Equipment may
be found in the instruction booklet furnished with
the assessor. While the range of the present
assessor is limited ln altitude and. speed of air-
craft, this deficiency wirl be corrected in a sub-
sequent design. If an additional quantity of
assessing instructions are required, they may be
had on request to the Bureau of Aeronautics,
Director of Photography.
CAUTrON3 Do not tighten lens adaptor frange split
clamp any tighter than necessary to
ts prevent lens assembly from turning.
1t D"";:1.?::"ffi'"H
3il::' :i::,T:[i, if necessary with burnishing tool, never . a file.View original page 8Page 9 · Read text
sEcTt0il tl
CARE AND MAINTENANCE INSIRUCTIONS
F-46 TORPEDO CAMERA
or
A.IRCRAFI ToRPEDO CAMERA, TYPE I
(U. S. Navy Standard Stock List Item f8-Ct-181)
Note: These instructions are to supplement the
preceding operational instructions.
1. INTRODUQTIOXI. The F-46 Torpedo Camera is
designed for use by torpedo squadrons in real or
practicc aerial torpedo attacks. The negatives
cbtained with this camera are evaluated by means
of collateral A.ssessing Equipment in order to de-
terrnine the results of the attacks. The camera is
remotely controlled by the pilot who operates the
torpodo release circuit and the camera circuit
simultaneously. The camera requires approxi-
mately 51 seconds for one complete cycle. Four
(4) exposures are possible on the specially wound
spool, U. S. Navy Standard Stock No. 18-F-59348. *--*
While the spool is that of the standard anateur - ,*.aF^
No. 120 roll, the spooling is quite different and
the standard amateur product should not be used.
The canera is designed for either 12 or 24 volt
operati.on, but not both, and the electrical
circuit diagram is contained in the box in which
the camera is shipped.
2. GENERAII. When the torpedo release is actu.-
ated, the shutter is tripped, making the exposure
and at the same time the lamps in the data record-
ing chamber are momentarily illuminated to record
the data on a corner of the film.. Immediately
after the exposure the shutter circuit is discon-
nocted, electric motor started and the film slowly
wound for the next exposure. The change-over
takes about 51 seconds. While tho motor ls
running, the shutter circuit is disconnected so
that a pressure on the torpedo release button can-
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'_-.
not operate the camera shutter during the winding
period. When the film has been wound ready for
the next exposure, the motor circuit is broken and
the shutter circuit reconnected so that the shut-
ter can be actuated by pressure on the torpedo
release button.
. The cycle of operations may be summarized as
f o11ows 3 Master switch rr6ntr-f sp5 heater trenil-
torpedo release msQs-5hutter solenoid actuated-
shutter tripped-flsts recording lamps ronr,-rerease
switch mounted below shutter solenoid psd6;-
release solenoid actuated--mechanically-operated
switch thrown over-motor contacts mad.e and shut-
ter contacts fvelsen-shutter solenoid ttoff tf-flslg
rocording lamps rroff tr-pele1 ttsntt-f ilp wound in
magazine-(during this period no exposure can be
made as the shutter circuit is disconnected)-when
the film has been wound in the magazine, the me-
chanically-operated switch throws the motor
contacts rroff tr and shutter and release contacts
rr gnrt-111ot or swit ched rr of f rf -shutt er and release circuits are now ready to operate as soon as the
torpedo release is depressed a second tirne.
The camera is an optical instrument of pre-
cision and although it is constructed to stand
hard conditions of service, it shourd at all times
be treated with due care and respect.. The camera
should not be left in the rain and if it becomes
wet from rain or spray, it should be wiped off
immediately in order to keep the parts from cor-
roding. It should not be 1eft standing on the
airplane overnight as condensation may form with
similar results. Likewise, under circumstances
where dust conditions are apt to be encountered,
the camera should be cleaned prior to storing in
its carrying case. Canvas covers may be made
Iocally to protect the camera while it is on
the plane.
Additional points of general care and-mainte-
nance are:
B
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JView original page 10Page 11 · Read text
(a) The moving parts of the mechanism are to
be oiled sparingly with anti-freezLng, oil.
(b) Clean the filter glass at the front of the
lens mount with lens tissue or lint-free
cloth.
(c) Keep electrical contacts clean and free
from oiI.
(d) Use the protective cover as a replace-
ment to the magazine.
I (e) See that all nuts which are drilled for
locking wire aro so locked.
(f) Keep the camera in the storage case when
not in use.
(g) Inspect and clean the camera thoroughly
whenever it is removect from an aircraft
for storing or whenever it is drawn from
custody for installation on an aii'craft.
5. W. 0i1 sparingly the follovring parts
with anti-freezLng oil :
(a) The upper ball bearing of the motor.
(b) Each of the gear bearings in and und.er the
mechanism panel. \*-
(c) The shutter carriage, rack and trip
act i on.
and td) The cam and switch lever roller
pivot s .
(e) The pivot of th€i set-off lever.
(f) The magazine catchrsafety bar and locat-
ing sIot.
(e) The magazine gear train and the pawl
pivot.
(h) The spool spigot bearing and guide roller -
bearings on the magazine.
Note: The shutter blade pivots should NOT be
oiIed.
The solenoid armatures should NOT be olled.
They are either copper-plated or silver-
plated to prevent rusting.
4. INSPECTION. After oiling and cleaning, a.
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:
thorough inspection of the camera should be car-
ried out. The following points should be checked
during the inspection:
I (a) See that all nuts and bolts are shellacked
in position and are secure. AII that are
Ioose should be re-secured.
(b) All nuts which should be locked with lock-
ing wire should be so secured.
(c) All gears should be tightly fixed on their
studs or shafts, freely rotating and
operating smoothly without backlash and
free of all burrs.
(d) The shutter should operate smoothly, open
fully and close easily. Check that the
trip action is not sticky and that the
release switch is operated at the end
of tho stroke.
(e) Seo that the magazine is firmly and
closely attached to the body and that on
the camera the registration dots on the
driving dog and camera body coincide when
the mechanism is at rest position.
(f) See that the watch lamps are not dis-
colored. Replace if any sign of darkening
or aging appears.
(e) See that the mechanically-operated switch
makes fuII contact in both positions and
that the operating springs on the mecha-
nism are preserving their resiliency.
(h) Check the tension of the magazine springst and see that the ratchet is working prop-
erly by hand turning. See that the
the is held securely to cover1'" magazine anF, the piece of bridge bottom panel
magazine. Ou'lKps. u9
(i) See that the insulation on the wiring is
not cracked or broken, especially at
joints or bends. See that aII soldered
connections are secure and sturdy.
I
(j ) See that the three knlfe contacts are
fitting well and making good connection
. with the three spring clasps on the watch
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;
I
I
unit of the camera body when the mecha-
nism panel is fitted to the canera body
(k) See that the lens unit is held tightly in
its adaptor flange and that the flange is
held securely to the body.
(1) Check that the back and front clamp rings
retaining the lens heater units are
secure, that the filter glass is uncracked
n and unscratched and clean, and that the
I{ lens hood or flango is attached securely
I and that the iris ring and pointer are
functioning smoothly, clicking into posi-
tion opposite each diaphragm settingr and
that the diaphragm is moving with the
setting ring.
(m) Check the watch system f ocus, either witfr
ground glass and magnifier or by photo-
graphic tost.
5. EQUIPMENT. To check the F-46 Torpedo Camera
properly, a test bench will be needed with recep-
tacles for convoniently connecting the camera and
a switching arrangement for operating the collleror
A test set consisting of a voltmeter, ohmmeter ^o# and ammeter will be very valuable in trouble-
shooting. Included in lhe tool kit should be a
complete set of jewelerts screw-drivers and
small open-end wrencheso,
6. TEST PROCEDURE.
(a) 0btain a desbription of the trouble from
the pilot or operator.
(b) Make a visual inspection'of the camera and
clean the camera before beginning tests.
(c) Connect camera to power supply and
operate it. . .. -Jt (d) Remove mechanism.panel from body case of
camera by loosening the knurled nut on
tho side of the camera body.
(e) Visually inspect the mechanism panel of
the camera and pay particular attention
to corrosion, friction and binding.
11
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7. If malfunctions and unsatisfactory operatlons
are found, the following should be checked:
(a) Corrosion in the following places:
(f) Interior and exterior of the camera
COSO r
(2) Shutter solenoid guide stud.
(5) Mechanical release and shutter sole-
noid plunger.
(4) Inside the lens barrel betweeri the
Ii' yellow filter and the heater unit.
(5) Iris opening index and iris index
$,' scaIe. - (6) Beneath shutter index collar.
(7) Set screws on lens hood.
Notet Proper care and lubrication wl11 prevent
much of this corrosion.
(b) If the mechanical release solenold plunger
has excessive length from its tlp to the
shoulder it results in:
(1) An additional friction load due to
contact between the plunger tlp and
the cam disc.
;/' (2) An increase ln the surface area ln
contact with the mechanical stop and
the subsequent increase in lateral
force on the plunger.
(c) If there is roughness or a lack of pol-
ished finish on the mechanical release
solenoid and shutter solenoid plunger, it
may result in binding. Corrosion on the
shutter carriage guido pin also would tend
to cause the shutter solenoid plunger to
blnd and act sluggishly. Since the shut-
ter carriage guide pin is one of tho parts
of the mechanism which is most frequently
operated, the shutter carriage guide stud
should be lubricated frequently and this
lubricatlon will at the same time minimlze
- corrosion-
(d) If the stud of the cam disc projects too
far on the underside, it may create lnter-
ference with the gears below it.View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
(e) rn the first production cameras based upon
the British design there was occasionally
a poor alignment between the motor
armature shaft and the gear train which
caused the flexible coupling spring to
acquire a permanent set. while this fea-
ture of the design has been corrected in
current production of Torpedo Cameras, the
I poor alignment originally experienced may
shear or I cause the flexible coupling to stall the motor. rf the motor starrs and
it is not detected immediately, the arma-
ture may burn out. The motor is not pro_
tected against overload since the starled
current is substantially equal to the
starting current and fusing the circuit
would bo unsatisfactorlo
(f ) Set screr/us frequently become looser por_
ticularly in the lens hood and lens
barrel. These should be chesked regularly
and if there is a tendency for them to
become 1oose, they shourd be sherlacked in
position. Tho single set screw on the
main lens barrel as used. in the early \_
models very frequently became loose and
allowed the lens barrel to be turned in
the adaptor flange of the camera Gssoo
Motion of either the lens hood or the lens
barr,el results in out-of-focus pictures.
7uflrus'oso, present, the rens adaptor frange
has a split collar and since it is made
of case metal, the clamp jaws must not be
tightened more than is necessary to pre_
vent the lens from vibrating out of posi_
tion with respect to the camera body,
since otherwise the clamp jaws will become
broken. It is noted that Service Units
have suggested that one or two set screws
be put through the lens flange into the
lens barrel. However, this procedure is
not recommended since the bakelite coD_
tactor is immediately adjacent the
15
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t]View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
inner surface of the lens barrel and may
be damaged if holes are drilled through
the lens barrel to accept the set scro'ws.
(g) The yeIlow filter is secured. between two
rubber gaskets of narrow width. Motion
of the filter retaining ring causes the
c Boskets to curl from the filter with the possibility that the inner gasket would t
;, become entangled in the heater unit and
possibly tear the frail heater wire. This
difficulty has been overcome by supplying
a firm vellumoid-type gasket between the ' retaining ring and the filter glass. In
removing tho front retaining ring of the
lens assembly, tho filter glass should bo
so held that the rubber gasket between the
u filter and the front heater unit cannot
curl.
(h) A frequent source of trouble is the me-
chanical release solenoid plunger. Thls
plunger is very critically designed and
very frequently the coasting of the motor,
F\. after the end of the cycle is reached,
drives the cam disc so that it binds
against the tip of the mechanical release
o solenoid. This coasting can be prevented
by arranging electrical connections so
that the motor field current is connected
to the power supply when the master switch
of the camera is in the xontr posit j-on.
Camcras having serial numbers above No.
1081 are arranged in this nanner. It has
been rcported by Service Units that by
decreasing the distance between the tip
and the shoulder, so that only the upper
hal-f of the mechanical stop connected the
plunger, that positive operation of the
plunger was assured
(i) The motor armatures burn out as a result
of stalling after they have initiated
theil cycle. Once startedr the motor
circuit can be 'opened' only by completing
L4View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
-l
t
the cycle, by removing the power supply,
orr if in the stalled position, by burn_ . ing out.
(J) There have been some report,s of the 1ens
heater units burning out. The heater ele-
ments are very fragile and must be han-
dled with great care if the lens unit is
disassembled. Another point to bear in
mind is that, when the camera is on the
test bench, the heater elements should not
be left on for a very long period of time
since the heat generated may affect the
canada balsam which is used to cement the
elements of the photographic lens.
(k) The Type 27 camera mount is intended to
have three degrees of motion either side
of normal in both the horizontal and ver_
tical adjustments to aIlow the camera to
be boresighted. when aircraft conditions
warrant it, it may be necessary to shim up
the base plate of the mount to enable the
camera to be boresighted with the torpedo
"--, -i-- director. It has been reported by Service
Unlts that cameras have been lost or
nearly lost because they have become de_
tached in flight or due to vibration when
the plane is warming up and it has been
suggested that this was due to the method
of locking the camera on the camera mount.
It has been determined that the original
mounting clamps were not strong enough and
that if nuts were excessively tightened,
!t the mount clamps became bent and as a
I result, the clamps v/ere not able to hold
I the camera securely. Any Service Units
having mounts with the thin clamps should
obtain the.new type case-hardened clamps
for installation on old style mounts.
Current production mounts have these
heavier clamps. The mount is part of the
camera and should not be confused with
the mounting provision supplied with the
airplano.
www.butkus.us15View original page 17Page 18 · Read text
8. SHUTTER SOIENOID.
(a) Look for signs of corrosion about snutter
carriage guide stud.
(b) Check solenoid plunger for freed,om of
operation.
(c) Remove guide stud and plunger if corrosion
is noticed.
(d) Remove corrosion from affected parts.
Clean and replace and oil.
(e) 'Close' the test switch and note whether
[, or not the shutter release solenoidhIu plunger operates. If it fails to operate,
check the contacts at the mechanical
It' changeover switch. Touch up with a bur-
nishing tool, never a file, because the
contacts are pure silver and would soon be'
completely destroyed by a file.
9. MECHANICAL RELEASE SoLENoIq.
(a) When the shutter release solenoid plunger
operates, the plunger''t'clbsesr the circult
to the mechanical release solenoid. If
the mechanical release solenoid does not
operate, check the contacts dlrectly be-
1ow tho shutter release solenoid.
(b) If the plunger still fails to rise, lt
will be necessary to remove the mechanical
release solenoid and check the condition
of the plunger. Tfie solenoid may be
removed byr
lit (1) Removing the four (4) screws that se-
ffi cure the rectangular magazine catch
lili to the camera mechanism panel and then
by removing the three (5) exposerl
scrows.
(2) The solenoid is removed from the
bracket by removing the two (2)
cotrnter-sunk screwso
(c) Check the plunger for roughness, Gorro-
sion and burr,.l,, Remove burrs with a suit-
ablo stone. Pomove corrosion by rubbing
plunger with 't cloth dipped in graphite
1bView original page 18Page 19 · Read text
grease- wipe clean. rf distance between
tip and shoul,l.er is too great, it will be
necessary to build up the shoulder by
placing washers S/L6" 0.D.1 L/Au I.D. and
approximately L/sz" thick on the shoulder.
(d) check plunger and bushing for scoring and
tool p63ft5_polish if necesssplo
(e) check the cam disc stud f or length. tr'ire
1ong. t down if too (f) Reassemble in reverse order. t rn reassembringr rlo attempt should be mad.e to
placo the cam disc in its proper position with
..respect to its f oltower. secure the solenoid
so that the gears are in proper mesh. when the
power is applied, the cam will stop in correct
position. rt may be necessary to align the red
dots on the magazine driving dog. This is veryt
easiry done by removing the tapered pin from the
gear in contact with the gear that drives the
magazine dog. center the dogs and replace tapered pln. B c'(*est ut 5
10. M0,rq8. At the instant that the mechanical
release solenoid plunger is operated, the spring
loaded mechanical stop is rereased. and the cam \-;
disc movos forward sufficiently to crose the motor circuit contacts.
(a) rf the mechanical rerease solenoid prunger
does not operate, the motor circuit will
not be completed.
(b) rf both contacts of the mechanicar change-
over switch are simultaneously cl0sed due
to poor adjustment, the plunger and motor
will attempt to operate simurtaneousry and
a the result is that the motor forses the
,1 mechanical stop against the plunger and
prevents it from rising. If not imme-{ diately noticed, the stalled motor will
burn out. Excessive arcing or blackened
commutator are good indlcations of motor
trouble.
(c) Glve motor same care as any other motor.
(d) Refer to Paragraph (h) of fnstruction T.
L7
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l_: I
\
-/
11, MAGAZINE. The motor drives the magazine
take-up spool through a suitable gear train.
Thora is a flexible coupling spring between the
motor and. the gear traj.n.
(a) Check tho magazine for excessive frictlon
and binding. Remove by freeing binding
parts and lubricating.
L2. HEATER UN_I-!. There is a heater element be-
L| l.', fore and after the lens and is used to prevent
cond.ensation.
(a) Check for continuity with a test set. If
a test sot is not available, place camera
in upright position so that the camera
rests on the lens hood. After the camera
has cycled several times, one should bs
able to feel the heat radiated by the
heater element.
15. WATCH IIA}IPS. The watch lamps are contained
in the unit covered by the black bakelite case and
ldent if icat ion *-:-==.r the ffi"Hi:"::u,',:ilntli"T::3:t"r
- (a) Check for continuity with a test set, or
if not available, look for the presence of ' light 1n tho small tube leading to watch
lamp chamber.
L4. FINAIJ CHECK. After the camera has been re-
assembled, place a film in the magazine and
operate the camera so that the whole ro11 of fllm
is pulled through the Garnsroo An exposed ro11 of
film may be used repeatedly for this purpose.
15. B0RESIGHTIN9. The camera may be boresighted
by:
(a) Placing the plane in its flight attitude
and focusing on some obj ect 1000 yards
or more away.
(b) Using the plane's boresighting rI' and
18
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