Alpa Reflex 8b User manual

Fig. 1. Rapid wind lever in tensioned            Fig. 3. Shutter tensioned.
                  Position.                             Fig. 4. Shutter run  off.
Fig. 2. Not tensioned, shuttel run  off.     \v:  Setting wheel for frame counter.

The bodies of all ALPA-Reflex    Instructions" should be studied
cameras are made of light-alloy    carefully.
injection die-castings, which en-     *) Impcrtant: The earlier 50 mm
sures the highesl possible rigid-      standard lenses in collapsibleity. The covering consists of a      molLnts, such as Alorar  fi3.5special plastic material vrhich is    and Alf inon   f 12.8, cannot beimpervious to sweat, cold and     used with the ALPA-REFLEX
heat and all climatic vicissitudes.    - b models. The reason is thatAll operational knobs are easily      that they cannot be pushedaccessible and can be operated     back into the camera body,even with thick gloves.                     cinna   fho  .._..nour  ..b........9liohtnin    mrrror
Everything has been done to pre-        rvill not spling back automa-
vent damage by handling the       tically and wor-rld therefore be
camera incorrectly. These in-       alamrqe.l   hw   rrlrAnlino     thn
s'uructions or at least the "Brief        len!.

4
Intermedi'ate  settings are not pos-   The delayeit action release (self-
sible where there is a continuous   timer) (fig. 7)
stroke at the edge of the ring.   The ALPA-Reflex models 6b andFig. 5 demonstrates the meaning   7b have a built-in delaYed actionoflhe intermediate strokes with-   release, usually called "self-
out a figure. The'flash mark\    timer". The tensioning lever (L)(bes,ide 1/60) indicates the utmost   of the selftirner can be set to a
limit of the X-setti'ng for fiash   higher or 'tresser degree of tensionsvnchronisation, With electronic   and this will control the Iength
f,iashguns shorter s,hutter speeds    of delay. When the lever is turned                                                                          stoP,cannot be us,ed.                    right through to the finalThe selection of the shutter sPeed,   the delay will be approx. 15 to
by the way, depends on the    20 seconds; if it is turned throughrapidity of the movement of the   90' it will be aPProx. 6 seco,nds.
subject to be photograPhed,  itts   The selftimer shoutrd be used asdistance from the camgra, the   follows: First cock the shutterdirection of its motion and the     (I{) then turn the lever (L) as farfocal length of the taking lens.   as required. The delaYed actionShutter speeds s'lower than 1/30   mechanism will start when thesec. can hardly ever be used with    shutter release knob (P) is firmlYthe hand-held camera. Since the   depressed. If you wish to aPPearfilm wind knob (I{) rotates when   in the picture yourself there isthe shutter is released, its move-   amDle time to move into thement should not be obstructed.      position provided. If a lens with                                                                        dia-                                     ully  automatic                                             Pre-setThe shutter release knob (P) is on         f                                       (APS) i.s used,                                                        the auto-                            phragm                      way                       best               The              front.    camerathe                                                               should                                             diaphragm                                            the                                mation                                         of                              de-                        to                         is          the               shutter   releaseto                                                             circum-                                            under                                     disengaged                                                                 all                              be                                  of                        finger                index             the Dress            i,t wirth                                                                                       wilrl                                                exPosure                                              the                                      stances,                                          since                      thumb                     the                  whirlst        hand     rightihe                                                                                                                                                                        f ull                                                 the                                                    at                                 otherwise                                be made exerts a slight counter Pressure against the back of the camera    aperture.
 in order to prevent camera shake.
The release knob has a conical
 thread into which a cable release
can be screwed (see Page 20).
Lenses wi'th automa'tic Pre-set
diaphragms are fitted with  a
 release knob of their own. This
knob is  exactly oPPos,ite the
 camera release knob, which is
 automatically released when the
 lens release knob is dePressed.
 If by mistake the release button
 (P) is depressed during coocking
 of the shutter (either bY the
 knob (I() or the rapid wind lever)
 the mirror will not flip-up  on
 the next release and this Picture
 will fail

www.butkus.us                                                            7
The transparent circular zone   would be hardly more than 1 mm.
 around the rangefin'der makes it easier to find a suitable spo,t in    c) The ut.eulrangefinder of the
 the subject on which to foc^us for     ALPA-REFLEX. model 7 b
best definition. When taking   The view/rangefinder, sometimes
 photomicrographs this ring zone    called the measuring viewfinder,permits focusing on the aerial     is fully independent of the reflex
image when the two small hori-   focusing device. It  is coupled,
 zontal strokes permit the accurate   however, to the stroke of thelocating of the focusing pl'ane.   focusing mounts of the 50 mrnThe diameters of the ring zone   lenses. The vertically arranged
and the pri,sms provide an accu-   base of the rangefinder permitsrate -"tandard of comparison for   focusing on the superimposedthe actual image-size on the   images of  horizontally placedfilm.                                      detail's until they are brought to
The ALPA models 7b. 5b and 4b    coincidence. The reflected second
have a cross division in  the   picture is of gold-yellow colour
centre of the focusing screen, the   and is visible in the centre ofsignificance of 'uvhich is shown   the picture. By turning thein fig. 12. In model 4b this figure   focusing ring of the lens the two
is laterally reversed.               separate images are brought toIt should be mentioned here that    coincidence, thus indicating the
the magnifying syStem of  the   highest possible definition. This
ALPA produces a highly mag-   type of measuring is possible for
nified screen image. This mag-    all  distances from infinity  tonification may induce photog-   3 tir feet. If the distance is lesslaphers to  take pictures of   than 3 t/r feet focusing can be
subjects, the image-size of which   performed only with the reflexon the fi'lm will be much too    focusi,ng device.
smal'l. The standards of compar-   The actual viewfinder within theison (cross division of  the   view/rangefinder can be adjusted
focusing screen or the diameter   to indicate the image framings
of the transparent circular field)    of 50, 90 and 135 mm focal length
are provided to save the photo-   lenses. This can be used for a
grapher from taking, for instance,   quick judgment of the effect ofa picture of a distant ship, the   the various lenses (without ac-
image-size of which on the fi,lm   tually changing the lens). It  is
                                Fig. 12
                                      groundglass

10
C) LOADING AND UNLOADING
  TIIE ALPA-REFLEX
The body of the ALPA-REFLEX   the last but one frame (19 - 20 or
is closed by a cross-bar rvhich is    35 - 36 according to cartridge) hasfolded around the tripod bush at  been reached, the     f ollowing
the bottom of the camera. To   operation of the film wind knobopen the camera unfold the keY   or, particularly, the raPid wind
(fie. 1?) and turn it to the right.    lever, nee'ds the utmost caution,
Lift  the back (including the   since one must avoid under allbotto,m) upwards, holding it bY   circumstances pulling the end of
the key, and remove it. (Do not   the  f ilm from its cartridge or
move it sideways, pull it uPwards   damaging the perforations.immediately the cross-bar  is     If an unsual resistance is  felt,opened). Ho ding the film cart-   the film has arrived at the end
ridge in the right hand, Bush the   and should no longer be forcedtapered beginning of the film   to advance; on the contrarY, itbeneath the clamp of the take-   must be rewound into its car-
up spool in the camera (fig. 18).    tridge.
Pull out a short length of film
from the cartridge, but no more
than necessary for inserting the
cartridge into the emPtY sPool
chamber. The prong of the re-                 Fig. 17
wind knob (R) should engage             Opening the bodl'.correctly with the recess at the
top of the film cartridge (fig. 19).
Make the film taut bY turning
the rewind knob (R). Make sure
that the perforations engage the
teeth of the sprocket ProPerlY'
The take-up spool should be
turned by hand so that one laYer
of the film is wound around  it.
Now close the camera and turn
the film wind knob (K), thusadvancing the fihn and cocking
the shutter. Release the shutter
by operating the shutter release
 (P) and repeat this operation two
or three times. When advancing
the film make sure that the
rewind knob tltrns in the direc-
 tion opposite to the arrow. Set
the frame counter by means of
 the small wheel (W) to "O". The
camera is now leady for action.
When the frame counter indicates
 that the last frame of the film or

12
Reuinding the erposed IiIm:  t):,e   Note the   f ilm type you havecoupling knob (D) should be de-   loaded ! On the reflex hood a
pressed firmly.                    small white plate permits noting
When it snaps in, the sProcket is   the film type with which the
disengaged for the whole Period   camefa is loaded. A pencil should
of rewinding. Thus the couPling   be used, not only to indicate the
knob need not be dePressed all   type of film but also the tYPe of
the time. Pr-rll out the rewind    cartridge (20 or 36). The noteknob (R (fig. 21) and turn it  to   can be t'emoved easilY with a
and fro as if rewinding a watch.   damp finger.
Do this until the whole film  isrewound; a slight resistance will
indicate that the film has Partedfrom the clamp of the take-ltP                  ->spool and the rewind knob will
turn  f reely without anY resist-
ance at all. The film can also be    Fis. 21
rewortnd without pr-rlling out the   Rewinding the exposed  film.  OnlI'  a
lewind knob; this r'vill take a    single p|essut'e on the coupling knob D                                                                                    trecessat'\'.longel time, but is comPletelY                     is
noiseless. When
the  camera    is
loaded once again
the coupling knob
(D)  will  be  dis-
engaged automati-
ca,lly. Any further'
operation is unne-
cessary. However,
care  should  be
taken not to de-
press the couPling
knob  (D)  when
the   camel:a   is
freshiy loaded.  If
this has been done
by mistake, how-
ever,  the    fi'lm
should  advanced
by  one  frame
(with   the   lens
covered), since the
the   last        f rame
exposed will  be
superimposed by
the  next  pictur-e
taken   if  this   is
not done.


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          Film    tl  llc  rtot('  plate.                    Su.'itar                                                            cl iaph r':rgm
                               BL   ..

D) I'HE LENSES FOR THE
   A[,PA-REFLEX
a) Sto ndurd local Iettgth 50 mnt  :   The propt'r' ft'actions engraved in
You have the choice between the    t'ed indicate the  c:orresponcling
following lenses: the Swital  f/1.8   leduction  rlf  ther object on the
with fully  ar-rtomatic pre-set dia-    film,   e. g.  1,9 lneans that  the
phragm; the ALPA-Xenon  f,1.9   image will be in 1rg of the ar.tual
tvith pre-set diaphragm and the    size, so that a   . 9 magnification
Alfinon    f. 2.8 with  pre-set dia-     nrill prodtrce a piclure in naltrlal
phragm. The mounts of all these      si ze.
lenses permit continLlous focus-    In actual placl.ice this caliblation
ing at distances from infinity  to    is a  valuable  help  in  taking
1 2 m (20 ins.), thanks to a stroke     c:lose-r-rps, since it  is hardly ever'
of 6 mm in the worm drive. The    necessar-v to know  the  ar:t,ual
dislani'e rnarks below 3rr   feet    distance  in  inches u'hen  the
ale caliblated  in image scales.   image scale. is known beforehand.

       Depth  of  {iclcl  scale and                                  of  clistancc     f igul es  t

14
The Macro-Switar   f 1.8 has  a
helical morrnt with an 18 mm
stroke and per-mits close-ups up
to an image scale of 1i3 of the
natural size, which corresponds
to a distance of 11 ins. measltred
flom the back of the camera  ot'
approx. ? ins. from the front  of
the lens mount. This mount  is
engraved with distances (meas-
uled     f rom  the  bacl< of  the
camera) and image scales.
Maklo-Switar': The apeltLrle (set to  f '4)is pre-selected with the Ring. The
a|r'o!vv on the  clisc G mearls:
Pointing     forwalcls:       Ar.rto-cliaphlagm
engaged
Poirrting   dou,nn,alcls:    Atrto-cliaphlagm
cliscngaged.
V:  ,.Visifocus"   cleDth  of  field   ir-rdicator'.



      Fig.  26
  With Angenieux
 Alpa  lenses. thc
 ape|tu|e is set on
 disc S. Auto-clia-
  phlagm engagecl
 ancl disengagecl  l).\
     ievel G on
      untelsicle.


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                                                                                                                                       j_1
     Fig. 27
  Schneidel ALPA
 lcnses with  auto-
  matic diaphlagm
 and depth of ficlcl
       indicator'-
  Reiease knob P
 turnecl two  dots:
  aLrto-diaphragm
    disengaged
 turned to  thtee
  dots: auto-dia-
  phlagm engag('ci
 T: Depth of    f ield
       indicator'.                                         s",4agEtel

www.butkus.us                                                           15
 b)  Short   f ocal lengths: the   Depth-of-field indicator. Most
 various wide-angle lenses for the  ALPA lenses have the usual ALPA - Reflex  have   helical    depth-of-field scale engravecl on
 mounts, the stroke of which dif-    their mounts. It is easy to as- fers in accordance with the de-   certain the depth-of-field by sign of the manufacturers.         reading off from the scales the
 c) Long  f ocal Lengths: All lenses    distance range between any two supplied with the ALPA Exten-    identical f/numbers. The depth-the san mount are so engraved that   of field is usually based on
 distances below 1/10 of the image    largest permi,ssible circle of con- scale are marked with image    fusion of 1/30 mm; it should be scatres. It should be noted that   mentioned, however. that the
 the exposure time for  image   highest possible definition will scales below Ul0 (and larger)   always be obtained in the plane needs a correction in comparison   on which the lens is focused. The with that for distant objects. At   "depht of fie,l'd" is rel,ative and if
 the final stop of the Extensan    the highest definition is required
mount the factor for this extreme   you shoul'd not. The Kern Macro-
 adjustment is engraved in green.   Switar f/l.8,50 mm is fitted with
 Since the factor for l/10 is equal   an automatic,,Visifocus,'  depth-
 to 1.2 it is easy to compensate for    of-field indicator. Bright orange-the intermediate values.           coloured dots will indicate the
With lenses which are not sup-   boundaries of the depth-of-fieldplied with the Extensan mount   range for a set aperture. fhe(i.d., most of the lenses with    depth-of-f ield indicator of  thefully  automatic pre-set dia-   Schneider Curtagon 35 and the
phragms) the  distances are   Tele-Xen'ar 135 provides a similar
marked in    f eet in the nsual    effect with a scale of red strokes.
manner.                                    Infra-red exposures. There is aErtrente close-ups: If you wish   small red index mark on all theto take extrerle close-ups for   Ienses, which  indicates thewhich the stroke of the helical    neces,sary extension of the focu,s-
mount is no longer sufficient you   ing mount for infra-red expo-
can use various ALPA accessories   sures (with the correspondingsuch as the "Tuban,, exten,sion     filter and film, of course). It  istubes and the bei'lows focus-   a slight lengthening of the ex-ing attachment or even a conl-    tension and for infra-red expo-bination of both. For particulars   sures the red index mark should
see pages 18 and 21.           be used as the infinity mark.

18
F. ALPA ACCESSORIES
a) ALPd precision filters: these
 filters are of the highest optical
quality and are coated on both
surf aces. They are made and
inspected ll'ith the same pains-
taking care as are the lenses and
therefore ensure irreprochable
image sharpness. The trade mark
ALPA and the number of the
 f ilter are marked on the glass
itself. ALPA filters are simply
slipped on to ALPA lenses and
tightened by a slight pressure;
they can be removed by pulling
and rotating them slightly.
Colours which are not available
in stained optical glass can be    Lens l-rood on Switar in both positions.substituted by varnished gelatine
foils in ALPA mounts. Empty
ALPA mounts for mounting spe-
cial filtels are also available.
When using supplementary lenses                                                                 neces-and  f iltels, the   I ens should be    F ol particulars and theslipped on first and tl-ren the   sary sizes of fiJ.ters, see table onfilter.                             the last page of this booklet.
                                  c) "Tuban" extension tubes.b) ALPA lens hoods            The complete set consists of the
These lens hoods are  simply   following components: Tuban
slipped on the outer mounts of   ring A  (or,rtside bayonet, inside
the lenses and can be attached   thread); the Tuban extension
and removed by a pressLtre on   tubes 1 (6 mm), 2 (i2 mm), 3 (24
the loop of the flat spring. When  mm) and 4 (48 mm), and the
not in use most of them can be   Tuban ring B (thread and master
leversed and so slipped on the    bayonet).
lens where  they can  remain.  The   individual  components
This practical and space-saving    should be used according to the
method of storing has the addi-    illustration 34. The extension re-
tional advantage that  the  lens   quired can be obtained easily by
hood  is  always  present  and   appropriate combinationsl A + B
handy. Since the lens hoods are   on their own give an extension
slipped on the outer mount of   of 6 mm. The rings A*B   are
the lenses, whilst the filters  are   not necessary when an ALPA
fitted  in the inner rim  of  the    iens in a divisible mount is used.
flont  lens, the position of  the   In this case the tube components
lens hood is always the same    are directly interpolated between
regardless of the position of the    the Extensan mount and the lens
filter.  Fjg. 33.                         barrel.

20
                           The simple cable release (code
                                     "declad") should be used at right
                                 angles to prevent the pressure                                 of the release from shaking the
                               camera. For time exposures of
                              some duration, a retaining screw
                                     serves as a locking device (shut-                                     ter setting to ((8"). It is a good                                plan to fasten the cable release
                                   (bent backwards) to one of the                                      eyelets                                 on                                         the camera                                                               by                                                 body    How to use the cable release      means                                                               (see                                         a paperclip                                              of                                                                                  fig. 38).
 d) Cable release                              {"N) When using the wide-angle                                         lenses of 28 and, more parti- In order to avoid any vibration       cularly, 24 mm focal length, of   the  ALPA-Reflex   when       special care should be taken mounted on a  tripod  a  cable      to ensure that the cable re- release should be used. This  is      lease does not obtrude into screwed into the release knob.      the picture area.

 The Tusin-Cable Re-
 Lease (code"biclon")
 is     in'dispensable
 when a lens with
 fr.llly automatic pre-
 set diaphragm is
 attached, not direct-
 ly to the lens panel
but via tubes, etc.
and  the   pre-set
mechanism is to beused nevertheless.
When the lens  is
mounted on a Tuban
tube or the focus-
ing bellows, one of
the twin-releases  is
screwed to the ca-
mera, the other one
to the lens.



,,USAN" camela cr.adle
and T.BICLON" double
    cable release.

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                                          Montur        Okulur      Ocuvis
                                 g) Optical accessories. Basically
                                the ALPA-REFLEX is designed
                            so that spectacle wearers have
                        no difficulty in using all  the
                                    focusing facilities of the camera'
                           Only people who should wearI{AV bellows unit and slide attachment.    spectacles but don't, that is to
e) The KAVO Focusing Bellows    say, far-sighted people, maY haveprovides a continuous extension    difficulty sometimes in accom-                                                                    helPvariable within a range of 88 mm'   modating their eyes. ToThe most interesting use of the   them ALPA offers the following
KAVO can be made with ALPA    accessories:
                 mounts,lenses       in divisible                             since    -  forALPAthe view/rangefindermodel 7 b, there isof thethe                     to infinitY        be focusedthese can                                                                                awithout employing further ac-      "oculur" mount into whichcessories and permit continuous      glass according to Your doc-focusing right u,p to  extreme       tor's prescription can be in-close-ups. With lenses in other       serted. (Tell the doctor whichmounts. the effective use of the    eye you normally use for
KAVO starts when the normal       sighting).near-focusing limit of the lens      for reflex focusing with  all                                         - ALPA models, there is themount is reached. Tuban ringscan be used in addition to the     "montur" mount, which also
focusing bellows; they are con-      accepts a glass made accordingnected by means of Tuban ring A.      to prescription).                                                  accommo-                             (code   (Since                                                      in                                               difficulties                   cradle         camera f) '6IJsan"                                          met                                                    with in                                    are usually                                 dation                    triPod bush)                    t/r in        with"usang"This cradle has three tripod   far-sighted people, the  mostbushes so that the ALPA can be  common correction glasses ofscrewed to a tripod in anY Posi-   +2,+ 3 and +4  dioPters are tion conveniently and quicklY'  It   available from ALPA. In other
 certainly widens the scoPe of the    cases an optician should be con-
camera and can be used for uP-    sulted).
 right pictures without using a ball-   There are people who can siqht and-socket head or for Picture   only with the left eye. The series when the camera must rest   additional ((ocuvis" ocular dis-
 on a firm support. A few "sPecial-    places the exit PuPiI backwards
 ists" even say that Picture taking   without any optical correction so
 is made easier with the hand-    that such people can easilY useheld camera when the AlPa is   the  view/rangef inder  of  the
snugly embedded in the cradle'   ALPA. model ? b.

www.butkus.us                                                       23
 j) Leather cases for the inter-   strap.  It  is made of  , natural
   changeable lens.es:             coloured leather of the   f inest There is a set of practical leather   quality and has two  spring-
 cases for the various interchan-    safety hooks. This type of strap
geable ALPA lenses. They pro-    wiII not strain or chafe the collar
tect the len,ses from dust and   of your suit.
damage. The various sizes arelisted on the last page.                  l) The MAKROSTAT copying
                              and macro-unit
k) "Suspentt camera neckstrap    This lightweight close-up stand if the ALPA-REFLEX is used   for both indoor and outdo,or
without an ever-ready case (e. g.   photography can be easily tran,s-
with a flash gun) it  is a good   ported in a briefcase. For more
idea to wear it suspended from   information see the special book-
the neck by means of the hard-    let on Micro- and Macrophoto-
plaited Suspen leather round-   graphy with the ALPA.

G. GENERAL NOTES             camera has warmed up. In
A good camera with lenses of     hot and humid tropical cli-
                         precision             qualitythe    highest                        is a                                                                       ' matesuse, shouldthe camera,be storedwhen notin ina                               be          andinstrument                     always               shouldtreated with care and apprecia-      tightly closed container to-tion, if you wish to retain its      gether with some drying agent
permanent efficiency, reliability        (silicagel).
and precision. If you want your    4. The film track and the pres-ALPA-REFLEX to remain a     sure plate shonld be cleaned
source of constant pleasure, try     from time to time. Use a soft
to adhere strictly to the follow-      brush, avoid using a fluffy rag
ing suggestions:                   or (worse) cotton wool. After
1. The camera should be protec-      thorough cleaning the pressure   ted from shock and vibrations.      plate can be lightly wiped
  Hold it firmly and don't let it     with a trace of paraffin oil.
   drop.                                5. The mechanism should not be
2. When stored for a long period      lubricated  ! The shutter needs
  the shutter should be released     no oil even when it is operated
  beforehand.                       tens of thousands of times.
3. Protect the camera from dust.    6. Do not try to dismantle the
  sand and humidity. On a cold     camera yourself ! Not even if  winter day the exterior and     you think you know the posi-
   interior glass and metal com-      tion of the  f ault. For dis-  ponents will be covered with     mantling special tools are  condensation when it is trans-     needed. The manufacturer's  ferred to a warm room. Be     or  agent's guarantee will  patient, do not wipe off the     become voi'd if the camera has  condensation, wait  until   it     has been opened by an unau-  disappears by itself when the      thorized party.

24
7. If used cartridges are refilled
  with bulk film make sure that
  the cartridge is clean and
   dustfree, especially the velvet
  mouth of the cassette. Soiled
  and dusty cassettes will cause
  scratches on the film.
B. If a custom's seal is to be fitted
   to the camera. have it done so
  that the   f unctioning of  the
  camera does not suffer. We
  suggest the use of the eyelet
  on the right-hand side of the
camera (see fig. 44).


       Custom's seal attached



     TABLE OF INTERCHANGEABLE ALPA LENSES
   and the filters, Iens hoods (sun-shades)  and cases lequired.

      Lens                                                                                                   Filte rs

Retrofocu s                            24            n0 ne      @ D filtrado           Redark
Retrofo c u s                           28              n 0ne      @ D filtrado           Redark
Curtagon                2,8            35          curtabe     @ B filtrabe            N ormd ark
Marco-Ki    I ar              2,8            40          n0ne      @ DE ecrana            Xetd ark
Switar                     1,8            50         0mxan a     @ A filtrana            N ormdark
Makro-Switar             1.8            50         omxabe     @ B filtrabe            No rmd ark
Xenon                     1.9            50        0mxana     @ A filtrana           No rm d ark
 Alf inon                               50        0m xan a     @ A filtrana          Normdark                   'RXenar                                                       ,l         0mxana     @ A filtrana           Xetdark
 Alf itar                                90         0mxa0e     @ B filtrabe           Cend ark
Makro-Kilar               2,8            90           n0n e      @ A filtrana           Cendark
Apoc h rom at               2             r00         paranka    @ C filtrace           Cend ark
Algular                    3,2               IJJ         omxabe     @ I  filtrabe             Fa rd ark
Iele-Xenar                                    IJJ         omxabe     @ B filtrabe           Cgnd ark
Alefar                                   180         0mxa0e     @ B filtrabe            Fard ark
Alitar                                180        omxabe     @ B filtrabe            Aldqrk
Tele-Xenar               5.5           360          parante     @ 75 xfiltran           Texd ark