Amateur photographer's Product booklet

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These shutters are adjustable to speeds varying from dry plates from the light while being conveyed to and
one-hundredth part of a second to one second, and to' from rhe camera to the dark room.
time exposures. Al1 pneumatic shutters are fitted with A number of e.stra plate holders, at least three, will
.ittt.. iris or revolving diaphragms, generally the former' be found convenient, 1s they obviate frequent changing.
The finder assistJ the operator in properly locating
the view on the plate, and is generally attached to the THE DRY PLATES.
of the canrera-bed--- If the object to be photographed be trt These are the prepared sensitive plates on whic\ the FocusingScale.
near at hand-, judge the distance as nearly as possible' picture is taken, and which are afterward developed into
and secure the front so that the arrow is directly over negatives. For instantaneo{rs work a rapid plate is neces- i sary, but for landscapes and general rvork a slower platethe proper figure on the scale, which indicates feet'
it the ob-ject is'far distant,-more than one hundred will give better results, as it will allow more latitude in
feet,-bring t-he arrow to the point on the scale marked I exposure. "general"G." focus." Any reliable brand of dry plates may be used. which meatts

THE DARK ROOM.
THE LENS. I Should the least ray of daylight, or artificial light
However the prospective purchaser may suit his i other than that from the ruby lamp, strike the sensitive
fancy,there is otte ".r.n1ial to which the most careful at- dry plate previous to its development, it will be rendered
tention must be given, A GOOD LENS; without this unfit for photographic purposes.
he can never hoPe to be successful' The first essential, therefore, is absolute freedom
The exterioi of a camera may proYe very deceptive' lrom any light excepting the rays from the ruby lamp. A
Many of the unfortunate victims of cheap cameras whose closet with a tightly fitting door (felt can be placed over
appearance was srmilar to those of a high grade, have the edges anC the keyhole) will be found to make an ex-
di.colr"t"d, too late, that the lens, the soul of the camera, cdllent dark room, but as running water is desirable,
has been sacrificed to other parts relatively of much les: though not essential, the bath-room makes a very desir-
importance. A customer will be best secured in this mat- able substitute for the dark room of the professional
t.i Uy depending on the guarantee of a reputabie manu- studio. If the room has a window, extraordinary pre-
faclnrer. cautions should be taken.
Two kinds of lenses may be necessary; one, the,rec- The operator is now ready to begin work. After en-
tilinear, which is a double lens, beit answers general r_e- terir-rg he should first close the door and wait a few mo-
quiremcnts and can be obtained at moderate cost' In ments until the eyes will have become accustorned to the
confined positions, such as interiors' narrow streets, or in darkness: if any light then enters it can be readily de-
photographing high buildings, this.lens will not answer' tected and excluded.
L".".t.-" the fiela which it covers, i. e., its angle, is not
great enough. For such work it will be necessary to use FTLLTNG THE PLATE HOLDER.
f wide "ttgl. lens, which generally has an angle of from
One of the first steps in making a photograph is to 8oo to 9oo. fill the plate holders with dry plates. Enter the dark
room and dust the plate holders thoroughly with a soft
THE PLATE HOLDERS. brush. Then light the ruby lamp, and lock the door to
avoid interruption.
Plate holders should be strong, light and absolutely Place the lamp before you, and, holding the plate
impervious to light. They are frames which protect the by the edges, carefully brush it with a camel's hair brusir.

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until the view appears sharply defined on the groqnd- EXPOSURE.
glass. Do not be too easily satisfied with your foctts'
6ut persevere,until you ar€ sure-that no sharper image LandscapeS. One of the most difficult problems of
c"r, t. obtained. The results will amply repay you' photography is to discover the proper time for exposure.
The focus being correctly adjusted,re-set the screw' It is a general rule that the time for exposure must be
securingthe bellowi while the exposureis being mad:' governed by the intensity and actinism of the iight an<l the stop used. The best teacher is experience, for since
the conditions of light are so various, depending not
only on the state of the sky, but on the season and hourSTOPS OR DIAPHRAGMS. of the day, it is impossible to give absolute rules.
The correct focus having been obtained, the next However, it may be stated in a general way that for
step is to decide on the stop to be used' landscapes, when using a small stop and in direct sun-
Here the novice must iely on a few simple rules, un- light. from )ko to Ys second will be sufifrcient with rapirl
til explrience has taught him the opening -best suited lo plates.
iii.-r,iul".t in hand, and those at.which the lens works If the sun be obscured, the exposure should lte
best under varying"thatconciitionsof light' doubled.
It is obvious the smaller the opening through During the middle of the day (eleven to two o'clock)
whi$ the light passes.the less light will reach the plate the sun is at its brightest, and exposures should not be
in a given tp".. of time; hence the smaller the stop the so long as before or after these hours, other conditiotts
longe;"Formust be the exposure,and vice versa' being equal. landscapesand ittteriors a small stop n'ill give Previous to eleven, and after two o'clock are the
the best results. 3z is a very good stop for landscape hours best suited for out-door photography. The reason
work, while, for a well lighted interior, 64 is none too for this is very simple; at noon or during the middle
small; of course,in a dimly lighted interior a larger stop portion of the day, the sun being directly overhead, or
-than- 64 will be found necessary' nearly so, casts no long shadows, and the resulting nega-
Fot portrait work a large stop, or even the full open- tive will lack contrast. During the early morning and
ing of th! lens, must be used and a short exposure given' late afternoon hours the light is much softer, rendering
oifi.i*i.. the subject is apt to move before the exposure the lights and shades in the negative in a most pleasing manner. is finished
The proper stop having been put -in place' cap .the 'ry t.rrr (ot, if ii U" a hand camera' close the shutter) I therr 'DEVELOPINC.
i.i a"*" the ground-glass frame and place the plate
irofa.t i" posiii.on, securing it by the same catch which II Have the following articles ready:
held the frame. The Ruby Lamp,
Most carneras of a late pattern are made with a The Developing Mixture,
.pti"g-""tuated ground-glass; if this be the case' simply The "Hypo" Solution.
force the ground-glar. f-'u-e out enough -to insert the This is a solution of hyposulphite of soda lL lb. to a
rr"i. rt"iaJr, allowlng it to spring back' Now draw the pint of water.
;i;;; h;iJer'slide nearestthe front of camera' As an ad- Trays for each of these. Each tray should at all iitional safeguard against any light entering around thc times be used exclusively for its proper solution, and be
;i;;-h;1dlt,"it is weu to throw the focusing cloth over so marked for identification that there is no possibilty
fi;';;;k-;f'th. camera' and allow it to fall on either of confusion. If there is no running water have a large
.ia1.-t.i"g particularly careful to protect the side from pitcher of cool (not very cold) water, and a tub or pail
which the slide has been drawn' for slops. The water must be not over 600.
t o l t

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Immerse the negative in the hypo solution, to everv hypo will gradually turn the white portions of the picture
ounce of rvhich have been added five or six drops of No. yellow, and eventually spoil the print.
r. When sufficiently reduced, remove and wash the neg- USE RUNNING WATER IF POSSIBLE, and al-
ative thoroughly. 1ow the prints to wash for about one hour.
Very often only part of the negative needs reduc- IF. THE PRINTS ARE WASHED IN STII,I,
tion, the other parts being of the right density. In this WATER, they will require a longer time, and the water
case soak the plate well in the hypo solution, then re- should be changed every ten or fifteen minutes. Fre-
move it, and apply the red prussiate to the parts where quently moving the prints also contributes to thorough
washing.needed, with a small brush. .t',iI
The above formulas will be found very valuable, but W F I E N T O N I N G I S D O N E A T N I G H T , w a s h
DON'T DEPEND UPON THEM to correct errors in the prints immediately after. Do not allow them to re-
exposure. If the exposure is found to be at fault, make main in waler oter night,another negative rather than resort to these artifices to ..I i;l
renredy the first. MOUNTINC.
TRrnntNc THE PRINTS. After the prints are washed, place them face down. on a sheet of clean glass, blot thetl with clean white Alu'ays do this before the prints are toned. Although blotting paper to remove an-v excess of water, and applythe paper is ttttt so sensitive as the dry plate, trinming a coat of mounting paste to the back. A bristle brush
should always be done in a weak light. should be used for this purpose. Have a sheet of clean glass on which to lay the Adjust the print in the centre of the card mount, and,
print, face up; then place your cutting form-which placing a piece of blotting paper over the face of tht:
ihould be a piece of plate glass cut one-fourth inch small- print, rub quickly from the centre torn'ards the edges, to
er than the negative from which you are printing-on the expel all air bubbles.print; adjust to the proper position, and cut along the The paste in drying a-lways draws the rnount out crf
idg"s with a sharp knife. A shoemaker's knife will be shape-cockles it. To prevent this, place the mounted
found excellent and should be kept for this purpose pictures face down on a sheet of clean paper and cover
alone. Do not use a scissors. thern with a small board or booli lightly weighted down.
It is unnecessary to give any instructions for the They will dry perfectly flat in this position, and on being
manipulation of the papers notv in general use, as full removed, can be bent to any shape desired by passing
instructions will be found in eacl-rpackage. them under a wooden roller or through a burnisher.
Combined toning and fixing solutions are a.lso soitl NEVER MOUNT PRINTS WHILE DRY. If
by the nranufactttrers of each paper, with complete direc- you do not wish to mount them immediately after wash-
tions for use. ing, allorv them to dry, and when ready to mount place Most of these papers are either collodion or gelatine' i them in water until they lie flat; then mount as usual.
so that if the amateur will supply himself with tr'vo soltt-
tions. one for all brands of collodion paper, and one f<;r INTERIORS.
the gelatine papers. he will be able to use any brand of
has become in a degree successfulpaper that suits him. without buying a special toning ,l After the amateur
solution for each. Far preferable to the combined baths. in taking out-door pictures, he naturally turns to some-
however, are the separate toning and fixing solutions. thing more difficult, and in interior photography he will
find a field for exercising his ingenuity. Problems and
WASHINC TITE PRINTS. difficulties which had not confronted him in landscape
After toning. the prints should be thoroughly washed work, will afford ample scope for experiment and origi-
to remove all traces of hypo. If allowed to remain, the nalitv.
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IN ALMOST ALL INTERIOR WORK a u'ide- INDOOR PORTRAITS.
angle lens of reliable manufacture will be found indis-
pensable. A room having a north light is best for tndoor pcx'-
It is often necessary, on account of lack of room, to , traits, as it can be used at any time during the day. If
set the camera in a hall or passage, pointing through the a north room is not al'ailable use a wcst room in tlrc
open door, or perhaps on a porch, pointing the camera morning, and an east room in the afternoon.
through an open window. NEVER HAVE SUNLIGHT enter the windorv
NEVER DIRECT THE CAMERA TOWARDS which you are using. Place the sitter a couple of feet
THE LIGHT, and, if possible,do not include anv win- from the window, and an equal distance to one side, the {
dows. If however, it is necessaryto include a window' camera being on the opposite side. Never point the Idraw the shade and proceed with exposure until nearly camera. toward the window. Let the shade be entirely : t
complete, then cap the lens and raise the curtain, after raised so as to admit as much light as possible from the
which expose a half second more. By the use of non- top.
halation plates, however, the necessityfor this method A white screen (a sheet will do) placed about thlec
is obviated. or four feet from the window and facing it, should bc I THE EXPOSURE varies greatly; some rooms aie used as a reflector to equalize the lighting; otherwise the
very well lighted, while others are Yery dimly so. An side of the sitter nearest the window would be well
averagewell lighted interior will require about five min- lighted, while the other side would be in deep shadow.
utes' exposure with a srnall stop. It is better to err on FOR A BACK-GROUND the wall rvill very
the side of over-expostlre. often answer, but if too far away, or not desirable for an-v
If the interior is very dimly lighted, an exposure of other reason, use the lvindow shade spoken of belore,
half an hour or more may be necessary. This would s.upporting it on a rough wooden frame made for that
be an extreme case however' purpose.
SELECT A DULL, CLOUDY, RATHER THAN EXPOSURE.-On a bright day, when using a large
A VERY BRIGHT DAY for interiors, as the light is stop (f/8) or the full opening of the lens. an exposure oi
more uniform. il nofromtwotwoportraitsto threearesecondstaken underwill probablyexactly thesuffice;samebutcon-as
PORTRAITs. ditions, it is impossible to give absolute directions; the
This is by far the most difificult branch of photog- amateur's own experience will be the best guide.
raphy; it should be attempted only after the amateur
hai qualified himself by experiencein the other branches FLAShI LICHTS.
of his art.
TAKE PORTRAITS out-of-doorswhen possible,as This branch of photography is becoming more ancl
the light is much better than indoors. Under a porch or more popular among amateurs, and especially among
in the shade of a house give good lighting, and early those who get little opportunity for following their fa-
morning or late afternoon are the best hours for por- vorite pursuit during the day. It also allows one to make
traits. The exposure should be about one to two sec- pictures of friends and family among the home surround-
onds, using a medium stop. By using a large window ings, which cannot well be obtained in any other way.
shade (gray is the best color) or a Japanesescreen for MAGNESIUM POWDER to furnish light for the
back-ground, spreading a rug on the ground and per- exposure, put up in small cartridges ready for instant
haps placing a palm or other plant at one side, an in- lighting, are sold by all dealers in photographic sup. plies.
terior may be easily represented. POSE THE SITTER CAREFULLY, so as to be FOCUSING must be done by the aid of a lamp or i
in harmony with the surroundings.and to get the best a candle. Move the light to the top, bottom, and both sides of the group or object that you wisl-r to photo-light possible.
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famous for their SOMETHING NEW. ' MANHATTAN LENSES are
A LONG-FELT WANT SUPPLIED. uniform reliability and perfect workmanship'
They are made in seven series,as follows: The Wizard Oold Toning and Fixing Powders and
Develqping Powders. Can be sent by mail to any part
of the world. ['
The Wizard Toning and Fixing Powders are made
from a pure chloride of gold preparation, prepared es-
pecially for us in Europe, and rvill give any tone desired.
One powder will make a ten-ouncetoning bath by simply
dissolving it in cold water.
The most convenientforrn of a tohing bath yet dis-
covered.
The Amateur and Tourist cannot afford to be with-
out it.
The Wizard Developing Powder. The strongest
and most reliable known. Giving clear, sharp, crisp
negatives,positives, lantern slides, bromide prints, etc.,
etc.
Put up in Metol, Hydrochinone, Eikonogen, Hy-
dro-Metol and Eiko-Hydro.
The Wizard Concentrated Developers. Put up in The Daisy Rapid Achromatic, a low priced lens'
solution form. unexcelledfor the amateur'suse.
Can be diluted many times with water, and can be The " Emil " Wide An$le, well known for its ex-
used repeatedly with equally fine results. cellent qualities. Can be had in cells for the Unicum
Will develop more plates than any other developer. shutter.
Put up in Metol, Hydrochinone, Eikonogen, Hydro- The Extreme Wide Angle Aplanat, will standMetol and Eiko-Hydro. the professional'sseveresttests' Intensifler The Wizard the and Qeducer are The Manhattan Rapid Rectilinear, a low pricedbest known for faultily exposed and correctives de- lI i
veloped plates. They are remarkable for their ef;frciency. lens of high grade.qualitY. I The Extra Rapid Rectilinear, absolutelv the best The Wizard Flardening and Clearing Solution is
indispensablefor crisp negativesand brilliant prints. of its class. The professional requires nothing better.
The Planograph, an anastigmatic lens working at
MANHATTAN OPTICAL CO. OF N. Y. F. 14.
CRESST<ILL' N. .t. , The Manhattari Portrait Lens, speedy, and giv- ing the soit effects so much desired'
z8 29

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THE CHROMACRAPH.
The amateur who has pro- ' -
gressed beyond the mere snap-
shot stage usually includes pho-
tographing with the color Is your camera equipped with the Brilliant View screen among his accomplish- Finder ? And are you provided with the Wizard Spirit ments. By means of the Chro-
magraph, the proper color' Level ?
values in the subject may be
rendered, whether it be a paint- The Snap Shot Sighter increasesthe effiiiency of a ing, a vase of delicately tinted
flowers, or . an evening land- View Camera, and the Telemeter accurately measures
scape. distanceswhich you can only estimate'
The instrument consists of a brass ring finished in
tasty matt black lacquer, and holding the yellow color
screen. The purpose of the latter is to moderate the Our Amateur Burnisher, at $5'oo. does the same
chemical effect of the violet and blue rays, so that the class of work as the best of the professionals"
same gradations of tone as the eye perceives,are rer.i'.
dered in tlie negative. The absolute parallerismof the
plane surfaces of the glasses,as well as the uniform and Do you prepare your own solutions? Our Prescrip-
proper colorings of the same, are factors of prime im_ tion Scales are standard,will weigh from one-half grain
portance, and these features have been made the subiect to. one ounce, and will last a life time'
of the most careful study in the Chrornograph. Each of Ithese instruments is supplied with two differently tinted
for the askingglasses,interchangeablein the mount, and covering a . Our catalogue can be hadsufficientrange for all purposes. I
For lens mlls Pdces, when When Iaather
up to otrtside fftted to fitted to cwered Capn.
diamcter of our camerr8. others, ca.
No. r ro/ru $r.25 $r.5o $ .so $ .zs THE MANHATTAN OPTICAL CO, OF N. Y. " 2 rfi r.5o r.75 .50 .30 " 3 ztl I.7S 2.oo .6o .40 CCCCcRESSK/,LL,N' "' " 4 ss/+ 2.oo 2.25 . / J .50
When ordering, sind a strip of paper exactly reach_ n
ing around the hood or lens cell.

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