ANOTHER User manual

True subject expoiure under uarying conditions!





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@ 1964 Photo Researeh  CorP.

an introduction  to perfect
     EXP('SURE

     The Spectra COMBI-SOO  is an advancecl
instrument  for determining  photographic
    exposures. Accurate and foolltroof, the Spectra
 meter  is recognized hv professional cameramen  as
  furnishing  the most ytositive means of eliminating
guesswork in photograph),. This  is accomyrlished
  through measurement  of the total  illumination
   (or "Incident  Light")   falling on the subject from
all angles, side ancl front. The COMBI-SOd  meter
  evaluates this total illumination  and inclicates an





    P H O T ( )    R E S E A R C H     G O R P -
     8 3 7   N O R T H   C A H U E N G A     B O U L E V A R D

    H O L L Y W O O D ,       C A L I F O R N I A         9 O O 3 A

how  to use CONIBI-iOO for
     L i g h t i n g C o n t r a s t C o n t r o l



SPECIRA"   photodisk
for determining Contrast



  White opalescent disk
    (Photodisk)  replaces
Photosphere and is used
for determining contrast
           in subject to be
  photographed.  It must
       be firmly  seated.




   \ \ ' h i l t ' t h e     r a t i o    l ' r e t w e e n h i g h l i s h t  a n r l s h a r l ' r v
    i l l u m i n a t i r n    i s a m a t t t . r  r f  a r t i s t i t . t . h o i r . r ' .i t    i s
  I{()n('rallv bt'ttt'r   ( in  r'916r w()rk-2(,(,(,.s.s11'r')t'
  h a ' r '   t h e    i l l u m i n a t i , n    I ' r , m   t h t '  " k e v "    , r ' m a i n
    l i g h t s r u r ( ' ( , n . t m ( ) r ( ' t h a n  - 1 t i m e s , , -  b r i g h t a s
   f r , m    t h e n l l    l i g h t  s r ) r r r ( ' ( ,(. ' r n t r , l      i s e a s v w i t h
  tht' Sp.r'tra COI\{BI-500  m.t('r.  (T}re Irhi,trrlisk
  is  als'   ust'rl  frlr  ('()l)v (,xl)()sLlr('m('asur('mt,ttt.
  S(r(' I)Ag(' 2:\  ) .

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JUSTFOLLOWTHESESTEPS

    l .   I , - ( ) r a v e r a f { ( '  ( , . \ - / ( , t i o r w o r k .
     irrscr'/ mu lt i;llving slicle X  I 00.
      Iirlr elv('rA[{t'tn lt,t'iot- work  , f(,-
    n t o r ' ( ,m u l t i l l l v i n g s l i d t ' .
     Iior llright intt'rirlr work  inser-t
    n r t r l t i p l v i n g s l i d e X 1 0 .

 2. Plrtt't' Pholorli.sft ()n m('t('r.


 3. Selt'r't rlt'sirecl c<lntrast rati()--
    s u c h a s 2 : I .   i l : l . 4 : I .  r ' t t . .        SUBJECI

 4. Point  Photoclisk from  subject
    rlirect lv  at  k,.)' light ancl notr.
         i n tt'ns it r'.

 5. Point  l)hotodisk  from  subject
     clirt'ctlv  at   fill  lit{ht  or  refler.-       rEYIIGHI
    tors  (t'xclucle ku)'  lisht)  and
    nott' inte'nsitr,.
                O
 6. Arljtrst   fill  light  or  reflec.tors                    Or*'"*   ;t-    until reryuirt'cllight'lr.r,el is ob-
       t a i n e d . E X A I I P L E          I f  k e v
    light reading  is' 32 ancl desired
    ratio  is  -{ : I . acljust  nll   lir{ht
    tuntil its rearling is 8.

 7. F)xp<lsurt' rt'arling  is m:rde  llv
     r t ' p l a t ' i n g  c l i . s c w.  i t h  P h o t o -
    Sllhr.rr'.Rt.arl as usual.





Ilrlr-"l4'-.-''                        lru        \  .1r        j     -tr-:                  l

t
                 how to hold
   SPECTRA" CONIBI-'OO
      and Measure incident light


  Hold COMtsI-sOO meter at position of principal
     subject (or interest-center of scene) and point
            Photosphere directly at camera lens.
           Do not point Photosphere at subject.

     RotatePhotosphereto avoidshadowsor reflectionsfrom
      photographer'sclothing.Bodyof metbrmaybe rotated
                    for conveniencewithoutaffectingreading
            as longas Photospherepointsat cameralens.

        Readings may also be taken near camera
              .     if illumination  at that point is identical
               to lighting of subject (as in sunlight)
         and if Photosphere is held at same angle
        with respect to the illumination as it would
   be if at subject position, pointed at the camera.
  Pointer indicates on the meter scale the incident
      light  (total illumination)  reading for use with
              computer, as previously explained.
NOTE: COMBI-500  indicates correct exposure, no
   matter from what angle light strikes subject and
            regardless of subject-to-camera angle.
        Contrast between subject and background
                       may be disregarded.

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I L L UMI NA TION   EVALUATION

      The COMBI-S0O'S three - dimensional
Photo sphere evaluates all useful illumination.
              A-Back    light, B-Key    light,
                  www.butkus.usC,-Edge   light,   D-Fill    light

S l i d e s

  15 slide.s arg plovi{ed;  two (X10 and X100)  for
 computing bright light, one (O) for ,,zeroi"i  i";
  the m.eter, one (red X)  for the CdS cell ,iltra_ sensrtrvg.           ,range, .qnd thirteen  A.S.A. Exposure lndex slides for direct reading at l/SO secbnd _
 without use of computer. Th6V  -.i.t  nu p".fr"a
 completely into slot.^
 Besides computingl4^glrt  light, the two multiply_
 ing slides-X fo anci'x rdo ;;;il.     dirplicate cli;;;1
 reading. slides. The X10 is also A.SA.  l*,  X1"0b is also A.S.A. 12.





    jtr." pointer goes off-seale in bright light. eitherl{
 (l)  insert the-X100 slide a"d u"?'computer, or
(?) use lower Direct Reading Slide. ii,  i;;;;il:
ple, y^ou-were using the 64 s"lide, then substitute
    g? slide (100/o change) and       a"*"   t"uthg,tuil stop to compensate.           "iop
Additional slides are available for various A.S.A._
shutter speed combinatio"".  WfrL"  ;a;;i"g;;;l
one of your present slides for comparisoi'w-ith
your specific meter.
                                                1 1

DETERMINING EXPOSURE
    using the SELENIUM  CELL

    Be sure the Photosphereis in place for determin-
      ing  exposure  under  normal  conditions   involving
       total  (incident)   light.
     FIRST,  move  tab on computer   to  A.S.A.  Index
      window.    Lift   tab  and   rotate   the  knurled    clial
       directly   beneath  tab  (using   right  hand)   until
      A.S.A.  Exposure  Index  number  you  are  using
     appears   in  window;   release  pressure  on  tab  sc
      they  lock  together.

    SECOND,   hold meter  at subject,  pointing  Photo-
      sphere  directly   at camera  lens,  then  read  light
      value   (foot  candles)  on  top  scale  of  meter.    If
       light   level  is  high  enough  to make  meter  read
      over scale. insert  either  the X10  or X100  multi-
      plying  slide  to produce  an on-scale  reading,  and
      the  foot  candle  reading   will  then  be 10 or  100
      times  the  reading  indicated.

     THIRD,   rotate tab so OtlT;  X10  or X100 arrow
      (whichever   is used) on top  half  of computer  scale
        is opposite  light  value  reading.
     FOURTH,   when  the above  is completed,   all  cor-
       rect  shutter  speed,  f-stop  combinations    will  be
     shown on the lower  half  of computer   dial.

     DIRECT-READING     SLIDES:   Under  normal
       conditions,  use of computer  can be eliminated  by
       inserting  the  slide number  that  corresponds  with
      your  A.S.A.  Exposure  Index  (see page11),  to
      give you  a  direct-reading   f-stop  on  the  bottom
      scale  of  the  meter   at  1/50  second.  For  other
      direct-reading   combinations,   refer  to convenient
      conversion  table on page 20.                           www.butkus.us

t2

q
       A . S , A .                          t
   EXPOS U R E
                  I N D E X
   on eomputer
            scale




; L I G H T  S C A L E
      on lront
       of meter
ry




*{*.,4t.4sC*qflb-k;;F
 C O M P U T E R
     SCALE
   bottom  dial
 baclz of meter

THE CdS CELL





 Th_e COMBI-500_ incorporates an ultra_sensitive
 cad.miu.msulphide (CriSy photo_conductive-ce[
 wnrcn      1s_powered_Qytwo 1.84 volt mercurv bat_
 teries. Mallory RM- 625 or equi,rat;;;. Chil;il
 rs actlvated bv or.e^ssing,the red button on the side                 (See      of the meiei                               itt"r1.rtio"                               on                                 page 5                                                                        ).The     mercury                batteries                        are                                  i""i"J-6v                                            pi"r3i"g                                                                           tfi"
 white button only on  tti.  ttp".f  ihe meter (See
illustration_ on page 5 i.   if,  *,."p.i"i;;'.:;;;
less- than the 64 Q*loc\,'tte-UalLri".
replaced, noting  the  polaritt   ;;.ki"g.' "f,orta-nJ."-tf,"meter battery holoer.
The_CdS cell is used for exposure measurementsin  low. light                .levels when'th-ere    il   1ilffi;i;;;needle indication  from the ,ugrrir"
The CdS cell is also_used i;;;ll^measurements""1;i;;-;;ii:
with  the  Spectra cROUNb-CiaSS-il;;;:
reader attachment and with the 5 Degree Spec_tra Photospot.

DETERMINING   LOW  LIGHT  LEVEL
    E X P O S U R E    u s i n g   t h e C d S  C E L L
   The CdS  cell should  only be used  if  there  is
     insufficient needle indication  with  the Selenium
     cell.
    Use the  incident  light  techniques described on
    pages 8, 9 and 10.
    Set the ASA  exposure index on compute-r. For     tI
   CdS cell use, refer to reference points in the red     T
   band of the upper comPuter.
    FIRST,  insert the "Red X"  multiplying  slide.
   SECOND,  press red button and read meter'  If
     available  iiriftt  is sufficient to give a satisfactory
     iuadi.rg,  cJmpute  exposure  by  using  V  red
    reference point.
     In  extremely  dim  light  remove the  "Red  X"
     slide, press red button,  no-te reading. and com-
    pute e"posure using 5  reference point.
    For special applications  of the CdS cell capabili-
     ties additionif   reference points are available'
    V With  the Photosphere on but NO slide in the
    meter, use the V  reference point computing  the
              time by reading the shutter speeds in
     "*-oo="."mihutes, instead of seconds or fraction of seconds'
   V WITHOUT    the  Photosphere  and  with NO
     slide in  the meter, use the V   reference point
    and compute the shutter speed, reading the eI-
    posure time  in seconds and fractions of seconds
     rn a normal manner.




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16

SPECTRACOMBI.sOOEXFOSUREMETER
    SUPPLEMENTARYINSTRUCTIONS
  Whenusingthe ultrasensitiverangeemployingthe
 cadmium-sulfidecell,certainprecautionsshouldbe
 observed.
  Wherecriticalmeasurementsare required,repeat
 the readingallowinga few secondsinterval.Dueto
 basiccharacteristicsof the cadmium-sulfide cell,
 thereis a recoverytimeof a few secondsbeforethe
 indicatedreadingis stabilized.Thisresponseexists
whenthe cell has beenexposedto brightlight or
hasbeenin completedarknessfor severalminutes.
        EFFECTOF AMBIENT
 TEMPERATUREON THE SENSITIVITYOF
      CADMIUM.SULFIDECELLS
  Theamountof changein sensitivityproducedby a
givenchangein ambienttemperatureis quitedif-
ferentat differentiiluminationrevers.At l footcandre
(about3/q scaleon the high sensitivityrange)a
changein ambienttemperatureof 500,F willproduce
lessthanonedivision(/s of a stop)changein the
sensitivityof cell.However,atO.lfootcandles(about
Yqscaleon the highsensitivityrange)the meterwill
readhigh by one division(% of a stop)for each
19" F decreasein ambienttemperaturefrbmthecali-
brationtemperature(75. F), and will readlow by
one divisionfor eachlg" F increasein ambieni
temperature.

HOW TO USE
 THE,SPECTfiIA"  PHoToGRID

 When the Phot2sphere is replaced with  the
 Photogrid, the COMBI-500  b.dom"s a reflected
  light meter and  will measure the U.Gfrt""."-
 objects.                                         "?
 This is useful for exposure determination when it
 i?,     nossible to hold the meter  in  tfre  ;;;;
 rllumrnatron"o!        that is falling on the subject. Such a situation  could arise         photosia"ph;;l;;;                      .whi_n the shadow of a large building o,,riorr.rtairi.
 NpTE:  .Exposure measurements macJewith the
 rnotognd  ore not nearly so accurate os those
 mqde uith the Photospheie. Theret'ore the-p-hiti
 grid should be used for  this prrpoL" only i7 tir".u is no other method.
 1. Set ASA index on expos_ure_computer.Replace
    the Photosphere with the photoerid d;;;;i;
    seated and none of the multiplfing    .iia"r*ii    place.
2.  Point the Pho_togrid at the subject and note
    the Meter reading. The angle of acceptance of
    the Photosrid  i,sapproximitely  J0 .t"g;;;;;   ;;
    tor exposure determination of suhjects tike
   open landscapes, point  the meter jome*hai
   down to avoid having the sky influence the   reading unduly.
3. To compute the f-stop/shutter speed combina_   tions:
     With the Selenium cell use the R X100 ref_     erence point.
     With the CdS cell use thepreference  point.

Color Photography
     The spectra coMBI-b0O   displays  its accuracv and
  consistency  to the greatest extent  in color photography
     The meter evaluates incident  light so that  all colors
         are reproduced  with maximum   fidelity.  Because
                     it  is not influenced  bv color or tone of subject,
              these factors do not disturb  its indications.
       The Spectra  is used for color work  in exactly  the
     same manner  as descritred on the preceding pages.
       Exposures  inclicated will be correct, particularly
      flesh tints, which are the most critical  to reproduce.
           Color Shots of Extremely
              Bright or Dark Scenes
       For extremely  light  colored scenes which  inclucle
       no people prominently   in view in the foregrouncl
      -or   for light colored distant scen     an exposure
           decrease of about  r/2 stop under  the inciicatecl
   For extr entety ctar -: ::;;"';1$ :?*,[,T::TT   ;: 3i *
     prominentlv   in view in the foreground, an exposure
       increase of about  t/> stop over the inclicated meter
          readins  jr recommenclecl. whenever  people  are
            the point  of interest, use indicated reading  to
                                      preserve skin tone.

                         EXAMPLE:       Note   large  color  area
                                     with   white   dot   anrl   Iarge   white   area
                                    with   color   dot.  Reflecterl   light  meters
                                   woulcl   give   wirlely    rlifferent   exposure
                                     rearlings.    Acluallv,     unrler    irlentical
                                     Iighting   conrlitions.  exposures  shoulcl be
                                        irlentical    to   rencler   color   accuratelv.

                              The  COMIII-SOO   meter   gives   iclentical
                                  readings   for  both  .situation.s.
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22

Photography  of Smaf f Objects

  E X P O S U R E  C O M P E N S A T I O N
  whenever.  the  subject  ln croser  to  the camera
  than  10 times  the" fo_car t;;;th    of  the camera
  lens, the exposure  ind-icatil'il;ri-i"".  nu increased.
  F or  instance,  with  a  s inch            i"  a camera,--o.u
  any  obiect  closer  than  50  inchli-."q.ri.u.
  exposure  than  normal.

 Measuringthe light
 Use the SPE9TRA, GroundGlasspho-
 toreaderor the followingmethod
 Hold the coMBI-500  as crose to the subiect its_possible                  point the photosph";;;  6;i:b            .and sybjects or the photodisk  f;.   fl;l
 the camera lens. If  the ighG"  ;;""rr:t"i=,-t"*""ravery crose        subject, it is .ecomm'ended-thaiirr";;- t:  ths
 Sect lre removecl and the photosphere-;iii-;;";;;.helcl-ex_ actly  in  the              ,spot the .subj-."t             h th.l: yay  the libf,r receiv;a. t v- tii"  pn;t;;;h;
 will be exactly equal to  tr,"'li;i-,l  ,triki";^'th" subject.
T o O b t a i n E x p o s u r e C o r r e c t e d    f o r C l o s e u p
 1. Determine  ex1)osure in regular way.
2- Measure  size of objectr    and also its image  in    the grou ndglass.
3.  Divide  the larger. dimension  into  the smailer
    to  obrain  magnification      (if   ;h"   ird;;^'i;
                 the subject)_                                or'reductioo                                                               ?iitt  u   rmagel:.9:l   lhanls smaller                     than  the                                  subject).
4.  Find  correction  factor  in table on next  tr)age.
5.  Multiply   the exposure time obtained--     on the
   meter by the coirection   fact"..

M iscellaneous I nstructions

  FILTER FACTORS
  For  convenience  in  calculating.  divicle the  filter
  factor  into  the exr)osure increx of firm used, then
  set the correctecl oxl)osure inclex directlv  on the
  comlruter.  F-or e.rctrttple: if  the  A.s.A.  exl)osure
  index  number   is   r 00  ancl a  2x   filter   is  usecr,
  divide  inclex number   lry  two.  ancl set the c()m_
  puter  for exposure index  of 50.

 C O P Y I N G
 The  hish  d.g ree of accu rac'  ancr  f ree.crrm f r.m
 influence  lr.r' the subject. makes  the  sll.ctra  ex -
 ce;ltionall.v  useful   in  cor)vrng  w.rk.   b.th    f'r
 black  ancl white  ancl color.
 The  intensitv  of crllvboarcl  iiluminati'n  must be
 evenly'halancecl.  prace  meter.  with  ph.t.clisk
 attachecl, in the center of c'llvrrrarcl. Bv  tur'ing
 on lights o'e  at a time and acljustinf{ them w}ren
 necessar),'. iclentical  intensities  are  easilv  rb_
 tainecl. when   lights  are  equailv  rrarancecr. turn
them  on  togeth.r  and  mov('  the,, meter  a.luncl
the co1r1'board to cht'ck  f,r  unif.rm   indicati.ns.
correct  exlx)sures are  rc'acl in  the  n<lrmal wav.
but  with  ther Phrt'clisk   attachecl. helcl with   its
.surface parallel  with  the colrvb,arcl.  at the center
of  the  cor)v.  correcti'ns    for  bellows  extension
shoulcl be alllrliecl when necessarv.


                                      25

A d j u s t i n g   P o i n t e r        f o r  Z e r o  S e t t i n g

   A  blank  slide  (0)   is  provided   with  the  Spectra
   COMBI-500.  When  this slide  is inserted  in the slot
   behind  the Photosphere.  the  pointer  should  indi-
   cate zero on the scale. If   it does not, set the pointer
    to  zero by  turning  adjustment  screw  (center)  on
   back  of meter.

   IMPORTANT:  The  COMBI-500   meter  has  been
    carefully  calibrated  to indicate  exact exposures  for
    eorrect lens aperture  and shutter  speeds. Flowever,
    stop  settings  and  shutter  speeds  indicatecl  on  a
   camera  are often  in  error.  Since equipment  errors
    are  common   and  develop-
   ment  varies  considerably.    it
     is  suggested   that   tests  be
   made  with   inclividual  cam-
   eras and  processing  condi-
    tions  in  order  to match  the
   meter  with  the combination
    in use.  If  consistent  overex-
   posure   results.     it  may  be
   corrected  by  using  a high_er
   exposu re  index  than  the
   published   figure,   or  vice
    versa.





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26

Motion Picture Photography

        1'ht. nr<tst ('()mm()nlv   us('(l 1lr<ll't'ssionztl nrot itltr
      llit'tu  r(' ('onrllin:rt iotr  is  ('tt rr('rtt lr' 2'1 | rilm('s  l)('r
             s(r('otrrl u'it h t'xl)()su rt'  t intt'  rll'  I  itOt h  st't'ottrl.
      S l i r l t ' n u n r l r e r t ' r l   t h t ' s i t n t ( '  i l s  t h t '   f i l n t s A . S . A .
    E x ; l o s u r t .    I n r l t ' x    i s u s t ' r l  t o  r l l l t r t i r t c l i r t ' t ' t ( ' X l ) ( ) s u r ( '
                r t ' i t r l i n g s .  \ \ ' i t h  P l t o t o s l l I t ' r ( '     t l n r l s l i r l t '   l t < t t l t o n
      m ( ' t ( ' r .  r t ' r t r l  f  s t t l l l  r l i r t ' t ' t l l ' l ' r ( ) n - l   l l t l i t - t t t ' r t l t t
           l l o t t ( ) m o l '  t h t ' m t ' t t ' r  s t ' a l t ' .  ( D r l  n o t U s t ' ( ' ( ) m l l t t t t ' r . )
      Iior  of hcr  Iritm('  ilnrl  fiim  sllt't'rls. us(' ('()nllltttt'r
             ils  l)r(,\'i<lttslv  rlt'st'rillt'rl  -   1'y1'1'1;tt hirt  tht'  rt'rl
        (''l NE   I"RAI\{fi     st'rtlt' is ttst'rl in  lllttc't' o[  t[tt'
              ('xl)()sur('  timt'   s('illt'. I]t'lt)\v ('ach  rlt'signatt'rl
                          f ramt'   sllt't'rl  is a  re'rl clot  .  f Ist'  l', sttlll
                    a r l j o i n i n g     t h i s   r t ' r l   l t l t l c k .


      EXAM  PLE:    At      I (;    f ramt's   I)er   secrlltrl,
          film   spt't'rl  of'  lt. a trrl  light   rearling   of  (;'4,
          wit h X   I 00  slirlt'  in               t ht'  rerl  sllot   l-rt'-
                   I o r v     l ( ;    l ' r a m t ' s     i n r l i c a t t ' s  a l ) ( ' r t u r t '     t l l '  f : 8 .
                ( I f    t h t '   ( l i n t '     I i r a m t '   s l l t ' t ' r l s   r l o i r ' t  s h r l w .
                  t h e r t '      i s t r ' t   t ' t r o u g h     l i S h t     f o r  s h o o t i t t g . )
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2ft

ultra-sensitive                              utilizes the     GG Photoreader   The                    ;;Combi-500"                                 measure the                                         to                 the   cJS
     ;"t""i-i;tensity"Jr-of        of  the  image  falling  on  the
   ground-glass.
                                           yoy..ryyst                         Photoreader              GG                  the           using   Bet'ore                "your                                  bv establishing                        e,quipment                own               to                     ii     ;;;"i
     r"a'  -ttf.i"L   a special' lefer-epge^^P.oU!.on +9
      ;;i;"i;;;;     dial of vour "Combi-500'" This  point
    or mark  will be used in  calculattng exposures
     i;;;h;      tu"ai"g"  given bv the "Combi-500"  with
    the GG Photoreader in Place'
   The  calibration  is necessary-itemsto take  into con-
    .ia"."ti""--such    individual        as  the- light
                            itt"  p:rrticular piece of ground:ql"::
     "b";;;ir;in  vour  camera."f     Be sure your  ground--glass rs
    A;;""-4";d   glycerined, if you use it), before vou
     start.
   To  find  the  proper  calculator^ dial  reference
             lft"re  are 6'simple steps' Once done' they
      ".i"i.need not be rePeated.
       1. Make  an  illuminated  copy  set-up  using
     *h"t"u"t    L"llo*"   ot tube extensiol  necess-aryfor
      ;;;;-   n*"a- magnification   ratio, -M,  such  as. a
     1-;;   f-i-"g.    t6 object  ratio' Measure the  in-
             u;-hi"in  the regula{ wqv  (bv pointing  the
       ;;;;;*iiti"ia""f          ttt" Photodisk in place, from the front
       ;]  th;        to the camera !9n9) and use the regu-
    hr  factoi"of"opv   (M+1)'   (4X  for the 1 to 1 mag-
                 to arrive  it  the correct- exposure' For
    3-dime"sibnal"ih""ti""l        objects' use the Photosphere rn-
    stead of Photodisk-
       2. Place an E. K. Grey Card (18% reflectance)
     in front of the coPY material.
       3. Select an f/stoP.

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30

SPECTIt.#
PHOTOSHIELD ACCESSORY

Protect  Your  Photospherel
The  Spectra Photosh ield protects the
Photosphere of your  Professional Exposure
M e t e r a g a i n s t d a m a g e .   l t h e l p s e l i m i n a t e   i n c o n -
ven ient, costly meter "down  time"  and
Photosphere repa irs. The Photosh ield re moves
a n d s n a p s s e c u r e l y o n   i n a s p l i t s e c o n d ,
i s m a d e o f s t r o n g ,  l i g h t w e i g h t m e t a l a n d
c o m e s   i n a t t r a c t i v e , d u l l m e t e r - m a t c h i n g b l a c k .





                      www.butkus.us