Beseler C User manual

l.  Film winding speed-lever         4.  Slow speed shulter index          7.   Self -timer
2.  Exposure counter                    5.  Slow speed shutter diol           8.  Depth of field scole
3.  Exposure counter index            6.  Shutter releose button              9.  Distonce index

24.  High speed shutter index    30. Film toke-up spool screw-heod   35.  Spring plote
25.  Rewind button             31. Film toke-up spool serroted     36.  Film pressure plote
26.  Tripod socket                        flonge                            37.  Film guide roller
27.  Lens locking lever         32. Film toke-up spool slit          38.  Finder eye-piece
28.  Film cortridge shof t        33. Film toke-up spool               39.  Focol plone shutter curtoin
29.  Film tronsport sprocket     34. Bock cover lock                40.  Film guide roil

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YOUR BESETER C TOPCON                    In the mirror reflex principle the imoge of the
                                                      subiect is olwoys proiected by the lens onto the
The BESELER C TOPCON comero which you hove iusr     mirror, which, being set qt o 45 degree ongle,
chosen is o single lens reflex comero with o focol      reflects the imoge up to the ground gloss. In
plone shutter.. Joking 36 or 20 pictures on o stond-     other words, the mirror is ploced in such o po-
ord 35mm minioture film.   lt hos on internolly      sition thot it intercepts the imoge which would
                                                   otherwise be proiected onto the film; therefore,coupled  f ully outomotic diophrogm, on instont
                                           when the mirror is roised out of the woy for thereturn mirror oction, plus oll  the other fosf
                                                           shutter oction, the exoct imoge seen on the ground
hondling feotures required for modern comeros.
                                               gloss is  f ully recorded on the film.  In view
One of the principol virtues of the single lens re-                                              of this unique system, the single lens comero re-
flex comero is through-the-lens viewing-focusing.                                                     quires no extro occessories   f or interchongeob le
Without regord to the focol length of the lens     lenses ond, therefore, is the ideot medium for
being used, ond whether in use with extension     those who must constontly chonge lenses to suit
tubes, or ottoched to the microscope, the finol     the occosion. Furthermor€r the BESELER C TOPCON
picture imoge is viewed through the lens directly    hos o full ronge of superior TOPCOR lenses of
on the ground gloss ond, therefore, the porollox     vorious focol lengths ond speeds to meet oll re-
problem simply connot exist.                          quirements.

4

This combinotion of  o TOPCON comero ond    mokes this comero o most suitoble instrument  f or
TOPCOR lens is o combinotion thot is not to be      oll kinds of serious photogrophy.
exceeded elsewhere. The nome TOPCOR on the     Fost hondling eose ond simple,  f ool-proof oper-
lens is the ultimote sign of  quolity  in optics,     otion is built in with such procticol   f eotures os
iust os the nome TOPCON denotes sirperior ond         (l )  f ully outomotic diophrogm.    olwoys moxi-
long losting mdchonicol performonce. Some of   mum operture for  viewing-focusing, ond outo-
the  f ostest lenses ore ovoiloble in the TOPCOR     motic stop down ond instont return of operture
brond; mor€ov€r, the troditionol TOPCOR quolity                     . , (21 speed-lever winding-cocking oction ..  .
hos not been socrificed to obtoin the higher speed          . . . simultoneously odvonces exposure counter ond
ond oll lenses hove either o  f ully outomotic dio-     chorges mirror oction        .,  (3) single oxle hi-lo
phrogm, or preset diophrogm oction for the  f ost-     shutter diols          . greoter eose ond precision in
est hondling speed. The lens mount is o modi-     setting speeds ......,    (4) shutter oction inter-
fied boyonet type, for  quick-chonge eose ond     locked with o   f ully outomotlc diophrogm ond
screw-threod precision.                                 instont return mirror oction         . obsolutely no
This combinotion of o single lens reflex system     time lost in diophrogm oction ond mirror block-
ond superior interchongeoble lenses is rounded     outs effectively eliminoted,......    (5) ropid re-
out with   f ost hondling eose ond simple,  f ool-     wind cronk......  speedier oction in rewinding for
proof operotion in oll its mechonism. This, odd-     the next film looding ond shooting octions.
ed to o  f ull complement of procticol occessories     For foster focusing speed the two-in-one focusing

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screen hos (l) o full oreo TOKOBRITE (plostic     comero, you con be sure thot even more odvonc-
fresnel type lens plote) ond the ground gloss    ed interchongeoble lenses ond new procticol oc-
for speedier clorificotion of the imoge ond (21     cessories will continue to be developed in the
split-imoge rongefinder  f or quicker focusing even     future, in o progrom designed to give you greot-
under the poorest lighting conditions. This, coupl-    er sotisfoction with on ever-widening field of
ed with the pentoprism finder, is ideol for oction      utilizotion.
shots i lor serious photogrophic work the bright    Your BESELER C TOPCON hos been tesfed qc-
ground gloss, with the built-in TOKOBRITE, gives     cording to the strictest stondords before it  left
perfect depth of field viewing.                   our foctory. lt combines the utmost in precision
A full complement of procticol occessories opens     with unsurpossed perf ormonce. lt v/ill give you
up new fields of photogrophy for the odvqnced     complete sotisfoction ond yeors of pride ond
omoteur without the use of  troublesome oc-     pleosure if you toke proper core of  it.
cessory finders     no occessories on the     This instruction monuol hos been compiled to ex-
BESELER C TOPCON chonge the through-the-lens      ploin its operotion in detoil. At the some time,
viewing-f ocusing.                                                     it ottempts to give some bosic picture-toking
The BESELER C TOPCON is truly o versotile comero      principles in order ihot you moy obtoin the quoli-
combining more proven, proctico I ond odvonc-     ty pictures of which the BESELER C TOPCON is
ed feotures thon ony other single lens reflex     copoble.

6

FILM TOADING                                  Push the rewinding knob bock into ploce;  if
                                                       the film cortridge shoft slol (28) does not
The BESELER C TOPCON is designed for use wilh        engoge, lurn lhe knob slightly until it fits into
35mm film in o doylight cortridge.  lt tokes 20         the cortridge.
or 36 exposures of 24mm X 36mm size picfures.      3. Drow the film oul of the cortridge ond in-
Looding or unlooding of films should nol be done          serl os deeply os possible into lhe film toke-
in direct sunlight or under strong ortificiol  il-       up spool slit (32). At the some lirne, engoge
luminolion.                                              the film perforotion on the screw-heod (30)
                                                       prolruding neor lhe slit on the lower end ofOPEN'NG CAMER.A:
                                                                                      rhe slit is not visible l.  Pull up the bock cover lock (34) on the         lhe toke-up spool.  (lf
     left side of the body. The bock cover will         turn the spool by  its serroted lower edge
    gently spring open.                                     (31) until the slit oppeors.)
                                         CAMERA tI.OAD'NG FILM:                          CLOSt lG
2.  Pull up the rewinding knob (20) os for os it     4. Moke sure thot the film perforotions  fully
     will go ond inserl the film cortridge into the        engoge the film trqnsPort sprocket teeth (29)
   empty chomber with the film slit focing the       ond then corefully close ond lock the comero
    toke-up spool.                              by fully pushing bock the bock cover lock.

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    After the film hos been looded, slowly turn   NOTE:
    the rewinding knob (20) in the direction of     o.  Although o single 180" stroke on the film
    the orrow in order fo opply tension to fhe        winding speed-lever odvonces the film, short
    film inside the cortridge.                          ropid strokes on the speed-lever will olso
   When this is done eoch film winding speed-       do the iob.  In this cose the oction must be
    lever oclion will rotoie lhe rewinding knob         continued until the speed-lever comes lo o
    ogoinst tire oction of the orrow engroved on           full  stop.
      it, thus indicoting thot the film is odvoncing     b. When the thumb is releosed  f rom ihe speed-
     p roper ly.                                                 lever, the speed-lever returns to o posilion
6:  Push the film winding speed-lever (l) wifh the         slightly short of  its originol position when
    right thumb os for os it will odvonce; the         in the leother cose. This pre-stroke thumb
    film hos been odvqnced one frome ond the       gop is to focilitote the next winding oction.
    shutler hos been cocked by this single oction.        The speed-lever is eosily pushed bock inlo
   Releose lhe lever. Press the releose button           its originol position when the leother ever-
    (6). Repeot lhe obove operotion once more        reody cose is closed.
   ond the film will be in the oppropriote po-     c.  While looding films, keep lens covered with
    sition for beginning the first exposure.               lens cop.

EXPOSURE COUNTER:
Next, rotote the exposure counler index (3) bv
meons of the two smoll studs until  it is oppo-
site " 0 ".  The next winding oction will,  there-
fore, bring the first frome into position. (Fig. 7)
The exposure counier index rototes clockwise
while the num.erol diol remoins stotionory, lhus
the number of exposures is olwoys eosily noted
of o glonce.
FILTT
Since there'NDICATOR:ore severol types of films with dif-
f erent speeds ond since exposure will difier oc-
cording to the speed of the film looded in the
comero,  it  is procticol to hove o reminder of
the film being used. There is o film indicotor
(19) on the rewinding knob for this purpose, lt
conloins vorious film speeds in ASA index numbers
on ihe circumference of  the outer stolionory
 r ing.
White numbers, 50 ro 800, ore for ponchromolic
films. Yellow numbers, lO to 32, ore for color
films. The obbreviotion "Emp" stonds for "empty"
when no film is looded.
See the instruction sheet in the film pockoge for
the proper film speed (ASA index number) ond set
the film indicotor occordingly.

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Film sensitivity differs occording to mokers ond   UNTOADING FIIM
vorious syslems ore used lo  indicote the film
speed. The  f o  I lowing tob le  g ives the relotion-   When you hove finished toking your losl ex-
ship of lhe vorious systems.                        posure, do nof odvonce the film ony more. Do-
                                                   ing so will teor or pull the film out of the cor- ASA I rO ls a2 so too 2oo 4oo 800       tridge.  In cose you should forcibly try to od-
Ii@wWES I 8  t2 24 40 80 160 32O 640      eosily,vonce thewhereupon,film, the speed-leverpressure onwilllhe notspeed-leverodvonce
                                                 should immediotely be releosed.
                                     REWINDING:
                                      To rewind, depress the rewind button (25) in the
                                         bose of the comero ond turn counter-clockwise
                                                          until it stops. Releose pressure ond it will be
                                                  locked. Unfold the ropid rewind cronk from its
                                                  storoge position on the rewinding knob ond turn
                                                      in the direction of the orrow. Rewind unlil there
                                                           is no longer cny resislonce, which will  indicote
                                                      thot the film is completely rewound.
                                      UNI.OADING I
                                       Open the bock cover, os noted in lhe porogroph
                                        on " Opening Comero ", fully pull up the rewind-
                                                         ing knob ond corefully  lif t out the film cortridge.
                                                   Afler removing lhe exposed film, reploce it in its
                                                       originol pocking for full protection until the film
                                                           is developed.

REFTEX VIEWI NG- FOCUSING                          l. A right side up loferolly correct imoge; o
                                                                    " must "  for modern oclion-pocked shooling,
One of lhe principol odvontoges of the BESELER          porticulorly voluoble  f or   f ollowing subiects
C TOPCON system of photogrophy is ihe single          in molion, ond for simple ond occurote com-
lens reflex viewing-focusing syslem. In this unique          Posing.
system, one of the most populor on presenl doy     2. An eye-level viewing-focusing syslem i eipe-
comeros, regordless of whether lhe pentoprism          ciolly  suited for toking verticolly fromed
finder or the woisl-level finder is ottoched to         piclures ond o " musl " for fost snop-shool-
the comero, the subiect motter is olwoys viewed            ing.
(ond focused) directly through ihe lens. This in-     3.  Two-eye shooting, one eye for the finder ond
cludes oll interchongeoble  lenses, extension tubes,        one eye on the subieci; voluoble for ponning
etc. The porollox problem is therefore entirely         shols ond convenient for ony moving subject
elim inoied.                                                 moller.
PENTAPRTS'}I FINDER:                 CHANG'NG FIAIDER  :
When on imoge is proiected through o lens it  is    The pentoprism finder is eosily exchonged with
reversed. Viewed direclly on o ground gloss,    o woist-level ftnder (supplied os o voluoble ond
it oppeors upside down, ond olso reversed from     importonl occessory of the comero).
right to left.  The pentoprism in the BESELER C    To chonge the finder on lhe comero, depress lhe
TOPCON tokes thot imoge ond reverses it ogoin.     finder colch (21), slide the finder out coref ully
To the viewer, therefore, the imoge is right side     fowords the bock cover until it is cieor. (Fig. 9)
up ond olso loterolly correct. At the some time,    To insert o finder, reverse ihe obove oction.
the imoge is en)orged so lhot when using the     Slide  it  in corefully from the bock cover side
stondord 58mm lens, the imoge oPpeors life size.     until it snops into position.  lt  should slide in
The pentoprism is on involuoble oid. lt provides:-     eosily. Do not exert force!

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The irode mork on lhe  f ront side of the finder         the cover bock into ploce until it snops shut.
should be qt the front of the comero when in cor-     b.  liognlfier:   For crilicol focusing in close-up
rect position.                                       work, such os in mqcrophotogrophy or photo-
WAIST.LEYEL FINDER.:                              microgrophy, when greoter mognificotion of
The woisf-level finder, which is similor in princi-         the imoge is o " must", use the built-in mog-
ple to ihe reflex hood of the lwin-lens reflex          nifier.  Pull up the reor end of lhe mognifier
comero, shows the imoge os seen on the ground         cover unlil  it snops open. A greoter port
gloss.  lt  is right side up but reversed from         of the imoge in the ground gloss is enlorged
left  to  right.  Since the imoge is not correct        8x.  To close, reverse the obove oclion.
loterolly, this finder is not suitoble for oction
shols where the subiect is constontly moving.
It is highly suited for  viewing overheod shots
or low ongle shots, elc., or  oround-the-corner
trick shots, which moy noi be possible with the
pent'oprism ffnder.
The BESELER C TOPCON woisr-level finder is o
four-sided hood with o spring-octuoted cover in
which is incorporoted o 8x  mqgnifier.
q. Reflex Hood:  To use os o reflex hood, press
    the releose bulton ot the reor of the finder
   ond the spring-octuoled cover will  instontly
   open. The ground gloss on which the subiect
    is viewed shows o brilliont imoge identicol
    in size to the finol picture.
   The reflex hood is closed by simply pushing

 12

FOCUS'A'G SYSTEI}I:
The viewing system of the BESELER C TOpCON is
qlso the focusing system of  the comero ond,             PRINCIPLE OF THE SPLIT IMAGE
therefore, the some ground gloss is used for                RANGE FINDER
both purposes.
Either the entire ground gloss or iust the split-
imoge rongefinder (in rhe center of the ground),
con be used.
o. Ground Glass: A condenser lens greolly en-
    lorges ond brightens the whole ground gloss
    oreo. For even greoler focusing eose ond
   speed o TOKOBRITE (plostic fresnel plote
     lens) hos been built in oround the split-imoge
    rongeffnder. Focusing is occomplished ot the
   widest operture of the lens (the  f ully outo-
    molic diophrogm of the F. Auto-Topcor lens
    is olwoys opened ot the widest operture)
   by observing the shorpness of the imoge os
    seen on the TOKOBRITE ground gloss.
b. Spllt-imoge Rongeflnder: As con be seen
    in the illustrotion, the rongefinder element is
    built into lhe center of the ground gloss.         Out of focus                   In shorp focus
      It consists of two semi-circulor wedge-shoped
    prisms which split the imoge. When out of
    focus, the two holves of  the imooe ore

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    seporo?ed loierolly; when these holves ore
    brought into line so lhol both holves motch,
  '  the imoge is in shorp focus.
    The chief ollroclions of the split-imoge ronge-
     finder ore speedier clorificotion of imoge ond
         f oster, eosier  f ocusing under difficult light                                                                                             Pentoprism    conditiong, especiolly of obiects which hove
    slrong lineor distinguishing feotures.
    Focusing with the split-imoge rongefinder must
   be corried out ot o foirly wide operture.                                                   Eye-piece
    Wirh R. Topcor lenses the operture should be
   opened to  its widest operture ond never                                         Condenser
    less thon  f /5.6.                                                                                   Split-imoge
c. Gombined Focuslng :  Since the BESELER C                                                     Rongefi nder
   TOPCON hos boih the ground gloss, ond the                                     Ground gloss
    split-imoge rongefinder, bolh con be used  f or                                     TOKOBRITE
   o combined focusing system.
    This is speciolly recommended becouse the
                rongefinder                           shows                     (ffiff    split-imoge                              o smoll                         only                                                                                                        {r  Film plome                                 ground                                                gloss    portion                                  the               imoge. Using           of the
    simultoneously enobles one lo focus on lhe                                                                                L_______Y-                  Mirror      ful I picture.                                  Comero lens
    In generol, the split-imoge rongefinder gives
    speedier results, especiolly with lineor ob-
     iects, while the ground gloss is suitoble for
    studied composition ond  f or  depth-of -field
    conlro  l.

14

LENS                                               the lens itself. To obtoin shorpness of the imoge
                                             on the ground gloss or in the split-imoge ronge-
     The stondord lens of the BESELER C TOPCON                                                                       finder, the rubber grip disionce   f ocusing ring (10),
     comero is on inlerchongeoble ond fully oulomolic                                                        shourd be turned untir the imoge becomes rozor
     diophrogm equipped F. Auto-Topcor 6 elemenl                                                                        sho rp.
     Gouss type lens hoving o moximum speed of f/1.8                                                     lhe lens to subiect distonce con be reod off on
     ond focol length of 58mm' For speedv ond more                                                         the distonce scole (ll),  immediotely behind rhe
      occurole monipulolion' the distonce focusing ring                                                         focusing ring.  Distonces ore given boih in feet
     hos o non-slip rubber grip.  The lens borrel is
    o block-colored bockground with  controsling
     white ond oronge numerols for  eosier reoding
     under oll conditions. To shorten ihe lens borrel,
      the depth of field scole hos been engroved on
    o  tronsporent plostic sheet over loying the
      distonce scole.
'    FOCUS'NG THE LENS:
      Since the toking lenr itself is the viewing-focus-
'     ing system of the single lens reflex comero, oll                 F. Auto-Topcor 111.8 58mm      focusing odiustmenls must be mode direclly on {fi#

                                                                                                            l5

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cnd melers with focuring from infinity to l8f/     in exporure. From the obove ffgures, it will be
(0.45 meter).                                      reolized thot eoch smoller operlure requirer
IEVS OPETUING:                              double the exposure of lhe previous operture
The roys of  light entering ihe lens ore control-    ond lhot, lherefore, stopping down (for greoler
led by the diophrogm to produce o groduoled     depth of field, etc.) will  require o correspond-
series of lens opening colled " opertures', or     ing increose in the shutter speed if  light con-
" stops ".  In the F. Auto-Topcor stondord lens the      d itions remo in unchonged.
following operture3, with the expo3ure rotios     For exomple, if  the shutter speed ot f/8 is l/60
noted, ore ovoiloble on the operture ring (12)     seconds,  it should be  I /30 seconds if the oper-
ot the reor end of the lens borrel.  They ore     ture is chonged to  f/ll  or l/125 seconds  if  in-
reod off ogoinst the white dol, serving os the    creosed ro f/5.6.
          illex {ra).                                  Selection of operture is entirely dependeni onT1"',.
Aperrure I 1.8 (21 2.9 4  5.6 8  ll  16 22     I     the required correct exposure for o pre-deler-
                                                                                                   deptht'[:;,:"'              tt4 tt2  r    4  I  rs 30        ]    mined shutter speed ond for q required            ',t                                      of ffeld.   lt  is iet simply by odiusiing the oper-
Lens opening belween lhe obove settings qre olso     ture ring (12) until the required numerol is set
possible ond con be used for greoter occurocy     fo the operlure index mork (13).
 l6

AUTOMAI|C DIAPHR,AGM:                   down fully ond the diophrogm  will  close
Your F. Aufo-Topcor lens is equipped with o fully      down os required. Releosing the pressure
outomoti( insiont return diophrogm,  lt enobles           will return the diophrogm to moximum oper-
you to do qll your focusing ond viewing through               tu re.
o wide open lens up to the precise instonf of    I.ENS MOUNI :
exposure. The picture you see is shorp ond    The BESELER C TOPCON hos o precision firting
bright.                                             boyonet type lens mount. Removol or ottochment
When you trip the shutter, the lens immediotely     of the vorious Auto-Topcor or R. Topcor lenses
closes down lo the pre-selected stop                                              - even be-
fore the shutter curtoin begins to move.  lt sloys
closed down oll  during the exposure ond then
instontly ond outomoticolly reopens lo  its moxi-
mum operture ogoin! To your eye. os you look
through the viewfinder,  it seems os though noth-
ing hos hoppened. lt is oll done thot quickly.
.t.  Focus Gontrol Knob :  For previewing the
   depth of  field of lhe pre-determined oper-
    ture, the focus control knob (14) is pressed

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is simple, quick ond lrouble free.
o.  Removol of Lens: To remove the lens, press
    the fens locking lever 1271, disengoging ihe
    lens locking pin on the lens borrel, ond ro-
    tote the [ens o quorfer turn counier-clock-
    wise, until the two red dots, (one on the lens
    borrel ond one on the comero body.) line up.
      Lif t the lens oul of the comero body.
b.  Altochment of Lens :  To ottoch the lens, line
   up the red dot on the reor end of the lens
    borrel with thot on the body ond inserl lens
                              DEPTH OF FIETD    corefully. When it is well seoted, the lens
    should be turned clockwise until it clicks info    When o subiect hos been brought into proper
     posilion.                                       focus ot o set distonce, nol only the subiect it-
IENS COVER:                                       self but port of the foreground ond bockground,
All interchongeoble lenses not being used should    ond oll obiects folling  in between will,  olso
be covered ot both the  f ront ond reor ends with    hove occeptoble shorpness. This totol oreo of
iheir respective covers ond ploced in leother     occeptoble shorpness  is colled the depth of field.
coses for protection.                              Within certoin limils, depth of field con be con-

 l8

trolled.                                        However,  it  is not procticol to depend on this
l.  The depth of field becomes greoter os the    method when greotly stopping down the operture
    subiect to comero distqnce is increosed or    (due fo the dorkened field) or when exlreme
   os the operture is stopped down.              occurocy is required.
2. The depth of  field grows less os the subiect    DEPTH OF FTELD SCAI.E:
    lo comero dislonce is decreosed or os the    For generol use, the depth of field scole (g) on
    operlure is enlorged.                          the lens borrel con be utilized for oscertoining
3. The depth of field  is greoter in the bock-     the depth of field quickly ond simply.
    ground ond less in the foreground, ond        The depth of field scole is engroved in yellow
4. The depth of field is greoter with o shorter    on cleor plostic underneoth which the disfonce
    focol length lens ond shollower with o longer     scole moves. The identicol poirs of opertures
    focol length lens.                         on eoch side of the disf once index (of the scole)
By opplying these principles  it  is possible to
toke pictures with o very greot depih of  field,
such os londscopes wilh   f oreground interest or
lorge crowds, etc.
The depth of field should be increosed, os much
os possible by stopping down the operlure
rqther thon by increosing the distonce, or by
use of o shorter focql length lens, if  this  is
more procticol.
One of  the chorocterisiics of the BESELER C
TOPCON  is fhot, to o certoin degree, the depth
of field con be oscertoined on lhe ground gloss
becouse of  lhe single lens reflex system of
viewing-f ocusing.

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serve to indicote the limits of  the occeptoble
shorp zone for eoch operture ot the distonce
being focused.
o. How lo find the depth of field  :
    ln proclice, if you ore focusing on o subiect
   15 feet owoy ond if you ore using on f/11
    operture, reod off the distonces opposite the
     figures  I l'on both sides of the deprh of field
    scole. lt  will be opproximotely l0 feet to
   33 feet, this being the depth of field in this
   cose.  lf  the occeptoble zone of shorpness
    is insufficient the operiure moy be slopped
   down to  f 122 whlch will give you o depth of
    field of opproximoiely 8 ft. to oo.
   NOTE: Stopping down meons thot the shutter
    speed must be decreosed to compensote for
    the reduction in the effective omount of lighf
    possing through the lens.
b. How io zone focus  :
   An ollernotive ond more procticol melhed of
    finding o suitoble operture for o required
   zone of shorpness is io focus on the oppo-
    site extremes in the zone,  i. e. the desired
   neor ond  f or  limits of  the subiect. Set
   these distonces opposite identicol qperture
   numbers. By this method  it  is possible to

20

obtoin instont zone focus when lhere is nol   When more occurote figures ore required, the
     enough time or where the sub iect is moving     depth of field toble for the lens in use should
     loo fost for occurote focusing.              be relied upon.
     For exomple, your subiecfs moy be between        It should be noted, however, thot the shorpness
     8 ft. ond l4 ft. (these distonces con be found     of the picture does nol obruptly end with the
    by focusing) in which cose the focusing scole     deplh of field, nor is everything within ihis zone      is turned until these figures ore opposile     of equol shorpness.
      identicol operture numbers (in this cose  f /l  I )    The shorpness groduolly grows less shorp, ol_     which is the required operfure for  this in_     though for  oll procticol purpores everything  is
      stonce.                                         of occeptoble shorpness within the porticulor
 t\to7E I                                            depth of field. Criticol pin-point shorpness, how_
  l.  When there is not enough time to find out     ever, is only possible in the porticulor plone
     the extreme limits for o required zone of      octuolly focused ond, lherefore,  it is good proc-
     shorpness, it is possible to work on o rough-     tice to focus os close os possible to the rpol
     ond-reody rule bosed on the principle thot    where fhe greotest shorpness is required.     the                      f oreground is shollower thon the bock-    The                                                  depth                                                               of                                                                           field                                                                     toble                                                                                          is bosed on                                                                                      ihe os_       g       round.                                                    sumplion                                                                     thot                                                                       the                                                                          circle                                                                           of confusion                                                                                                            is  I /30mm.
     Pick out on obiect slightly more thon one     Since shorpness of depth of  ffeld is o highly
     third of the woy into the required depth of    debotoble point, certoin stondords hove been
      field, choose on operiure consistent with the     ogreed upon 03 to whot is sufficient shorpness.
     overoll field ond focus.                           ln lhis cose, ony pin-point which is represented
 DEPTH OF F'ELD TABLE:                    on lhe negotive by o dot with o diometer not
 Since  it is improcticol ond impossible to indi_     exceeding   I /30 mm is regorded os sufficiently
 ccte occurote-:figures on the lim ited 3poce of     shorp. The term for the doi is ,,circle of con_
_the deprh of field scole, oll figures ore in round      fusion ".
 sums which is quite sufficient except for close_up     All distonces  in lhe loble ore meosured  f rom the
 sho  I s.                                             focol or fflm plone to the subiect.

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