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Cramers negative formulas Product booklet
Product booklet for Cramers negative formulas. 39 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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Page 2 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
YOU WANT
CramerCltemicals!
BECAUSE
THEIR QUALITYls uNlFoRM.
SEE PACES 56 and 59
PYRO-ACETONEFORMULA,bestfor I
Tray or Tank. See Page 71
Cramer Plates and Chemicals
F O R S A L E B Y
TheColumbiaPhotoSupplyCo.,
1434 New York Avenue,N. W.,
WASHINCTON.D. C.View original page 2Page 3 · Read text
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INTRODUCTION. CRAMER
HIS MANUAL will give as clearly and
briefly as possible, formulas and di- PLATES
Foreveryknown[ranchof Photographt. Plates, rectionsthat negativesfor soof thehandlingfinest printingCramer
quality may, be readily made."Crown"-most rapid plate made.
"Banner X"-very rapid, great latitude. Consider-,that the very foundation of your
"Anchort'-less rapid, giving great density. success is the negative, that good prints
" Isochromatic"-(3 brands.) cannot be made from bad negatives, al-
"lnstantaneoustt-for portraits, rapid though bad prints may be made from good
exposure. negatives.
t'Mediumtt-for commercial work and The experience that I have gained as a
landscapes. dry plate manufacturer and also as a prac-
"Slow"-fully sensitive to yellow and tical photographer, for many years, has
orangewithout ray filter. all been devoted to the perfection of the
"156J1s11"-aspecially heavy coated, color Cramer Plate. The results of this exper-
sensitiveplate, for portraits and commer- ience, combined with modern and accuratg
cial work, minimizeshalation. manufacturing methods, are evident in the
DoubleCoated"Non-Halation" (five brands) superior quality of the latest products of
Crown, Banner X, Iso., Inst., Medium the Cramer Factory.
and Slow-for interiors and white drape- I take this opportunity to thank my
riesl preventshalation. numerous friends for their esteemed pat-
"Commercial"-a slow plate for vigor and ronage and the many favors which they
detail. have conferred on me; also to assure them
l'Strippin g" -f or photo'mechanicalwork. that I stand in the same independent posi-
"X -Ray"-for X - Ray photography. tion to-day that I have occupied in the'' Contrast"-for copying purposes. past, and to bespeak for my plates a care-
"Transparency"-for positives on glass. ful and conscientious trial from the think-
"Lantern Slide"-(Red and Green label) for ing members of our profession.
lantern slides. , Yours truly,
t'" Trichromatic" and Panchromatict'-Sensi'
tive to ALL colors,including the RED'
for use with ray filters, three color work,
etc.
b r/ /@View original page 3Page 4 · Read text
,G
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G: CneuEn's \IlNuet, oN NEGATIVE l\I[exINc.
i s a p l a t e o f g l a s s If space allows, it is recommended to have A Dry coated with Bromide of the entrance to the dark room arranged in
Plate Silver ernttlsion, which is a zig-zag shape so that no door is necessary
one of the most sensitive compounds knowtl to exclude the light, allowing free passage
to chemistry, being more rapidly impressed and ventilation. The following diagram
by light than the eye, and being sensitive to will serve as an illustration:
invisible rays, also gases and odors which
are not detected by the setlses.
Bromide of Silver is formed by precipi- www.orphancameras.com
tating Nitrate of Silver solution with Bro-
mide salts. Wherr so precipitated in a
gelatinous solution the finely divided pre-
cipitate is kept in suspension in form of
what is termed an emulsiott.
Ou'ing to the great sen-
Gare of sitiveness to surrounding ptates. conditions, dty plates
should be kept in a dry room, free from
smoke, gas and injurious odors (such as
turpentine, etc.), and should be protected
against sudden changes from severe cold to
wlrmth, which r,vould cause condensation of
moisture and thereby prodttce mildew spots
and possibly fog. Place tl-re packages of
plates on edge to avoid pressure, and do not
keep stock of plates in the developing room
unless it is dry and r,vell ventilated
In repacking plates after exposure place t
them face to face. Never put paper be- L
tween them. They should be rewrapped
tightly in the black paper to prevent rub-
bing of surface. . The essential part of the dark room is
Ebe Deverop- witliinl'he slidingthe heavydoorblackallowslines.the use of both
tng Boom' ",Y.llti"ni:f;""""'iX'ir"3:absolutely dark, rnay be parts of the roorn independently, but may
used for placing the plates in the plate be onritted. The inside walls of zig-zag en- l
holder, and for developing them, it is im- trance, and dark room, are to be painted
perative to the practical worker to have black or dark brown. A fan driven by elec-
the convenience of a well arranged and well tric or water power is a great convenience l
ventilated dark room, with sinks, and fau- in the dark room, both to the operator and
cets supplying clear water, a suitable box in drying the negatives, preventing the
I or tank with vertical grooves for fixing, latter from becoming too intense, which
and a similar one for the final washing, both would be the case when dried in a sultrv or l
so arranged that the plates rest on horizon- hot atmosphere. During the hot season the
tal strips, allowing the solution or the water fan is of great service to keep the room cool
to circulate freely around them. and aiso the solutions. I {' I.j
.&>** '1View original page 4Page 10 · Read text
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14 G. CnervrEn'sMewu-u, oN NEcatrvE MaxrNc. 15
A plate properly exp99+ and dev-eloped necessary to dry a negative quickly place
wili not r6quire intensifying or reducing, it in alcohol for about ten minutes before
but if neces.ary, it may be treated. Uy i1n- placing it in the drying rack.
mersing in either one of the solutions de- of negatives. Parts of
iiribed on pages 28 and 29, or by local IrOcal negatives that are too
treatment with same. Betl.uctio[ dense can be reduced bv
After develoPing is' applying the red prussiate reducing solution r:i1ring:. givgn on page 28 locally with a tuft of cot- completed, rinse the Plate
well, and place it in fhe grooved tank (de- ton, as soon as the negative comes from
scribed ori page 2), containing the fixing the fixing bath. To do this successfully
bath for the-purpose of dissolving the Bro- the negative should be held at an angle,
mide of Silver wttictr has not been acted and only a little reducer applied at a
upon by the light and the developer. After time so that the reducer will not spread to
ail the-Bromide of Silver appears to have other parts of the negative; rinse frequently
been dissolved in the fixing bath, leave the with water during the operation to prevent
plate therein at least ten minutes longer to lines and streaks,and when reduced enough place in the wash water. If the negative isinsure permanency and freedom- from stain.
Platel that are left in the acid fixing and dry it should be soaked for half an hour
hardening bath (given on page 26) for half before applying the reducer.
an hour, will not soften in the wash water Dry negatives may be locally reduced by
nor show reticulation (pucker'ing of the rubbing with a cotton cloth moistened in
film) even in warm weather; they will dry wood alcohol, or a pointed stick of hard
ouici.lv and not be so apt to gain undesirable wood, dipped in alcohol may be used for
densitv. provided the fixing bath is in good sharply defined outlines.
condition. If the bath is too strong, and rh;.or;.1T31?; not stirred before using, it will cause par- welghtsann i" "?f';"r".:-
allel lines on the negative, due to the dif- Elatrometer and measures, also by
fering densities of the upper and lower por- Test' Hydrometer fest. (Se-e
tions of the bath. instructious to ascertain the correctness of
Ernar of Soda or Potassium are rrbe this instrument on page 5.) ;3'tllo:n*13Jt",:*:,;l:: The Carbonates 'was tng ially the Hypo, ire aini- added to give the developing agent the alka-
cult to eliminate from a gelatine film. Let linity required for action, whereas the Sul-
the plates remain an hour in running wat-er. phiti: is idded to prevent rapid decomposi-
If vbu do not enjoy the convenience of a tion and discoloration.
hydrant, wash an hour, changing the water These alkalies maY be of frequently. Garbonate soctaor 'ilt potassium. othersubstitutedin anyforformttla.one an-,2 tbe Drying ";f3,lt"i"o#: ot dry LarDonate ounces H"t let !f,eg'ativeF peralure is Carbonate of crystal preferable, of Soda equal 5 ounces
and will prevent negatives from becoming of Soda, piovided the dry Carbonate of Soda
too dense, which would be the case were is really chemically pure as is the case with
thev-materialdried in a warm, sultry atmosphere. Cramer's.
A change in te.mperature while Carbonate of Potassium is of the same
drying causes unequal deniity. If it is strength as pure dry Carbonate of Soda.View original page 10Page 11 · Read text
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16 G. Cnarr,rEn'sMenruar, - oN NDcatryE MerImc. 1?
For many years it has been generally b-e- Doubling the quantity of water in normal
lieved thaC an excess of alkali gave soft- pyro developer reduces contrast becausethe
ness and detail, and for this reason a largely deposit of silver in the strongly lighted
increased quantity of alkali was used for portioirs of the plate proceeds slower, giv-
short exposures, though it was generally ing more time f or the half tones and
known that beyond a certain quantity it shadows to gain their maximum strength.
caused chemicai fog. Experiments conclu- For the same reason, reducing the alkali
sively prove that when the plate is develop-ed reduces the contrast between the high-
the same length of time, the greater the lights and lower tones of the negatives.
quantity of alkali used, the more rapid the
r-eduction, and the greater the contrast. If, after reducing the alkali, the negative
Therefore if a negaiive which is PROP- still shows too much contrast, it is certain
ERLY LIGHTED and TIMED, shows too that either the plate was lighted with too
much contrast, reduce the quantity of alkali, much contrast or was undertimed.
or increase the quantity of water until the The quality of the Carbonateused is quite
image shows proper balance. If a properly as important as is the quality of the Sul-
time"d negativi licks contrast, increase the phite. Some so-calledchemically pure Car-
quantity bf the alkali, or use less water bonate of Sodas contain so large a per-
dntil sdfficient contrast is obtained. centage of Bi-carbonate of Soda (Baking
Soda) that development proceeds very This point is of great importance, and slowly unless an increased quantity or
will well repay careful study by plate users. higher hydrometer test is used, while ordi-
An experiment that will prove this point nary commercial Carbonate of Soda (Sal Soda) has numerous impurities which may can be easily made as follows: Dissolve
one ounce of dry Carbonate of Soda or cause trouble.
Potassium in 4 ounces of water; take one
half of this solution and add to it 2 ounces Sulphits Dry or anhydrous sul- of water. Then take 2 ounces of this second of Sod.a. phite of soda is double
solution and add to it two more ounces the strength of the crys-
of water. Put drops of normal pyro so- tals. If crystal sulphite is used, take double
lution on three separate-the places ou an un- the quantity when the dry is called for in exposed plate (in ddrk room). Then any formula. Sulphite deteriorates when
to the first drop of pyro solution add a drop kept in partly empty bottles. It should
of the full strength alkaline solution, to the- never be purchased in paper cartons, but in
second drop of pyro- add a drop of the half glass bottles.
strength-add aikali, and to the third drop o-f Never dissolve more than enough to last
pyro a drop of the quarter strength one week as the solution has a strong
iit carry the plate oul into daylight, affinity for oxygen, which it takes up both
and"ti,keep it there for four minutes. Then from the water and from the air, converting
rinse well and put in the hypo bath until part of the sulphite into Glaubers salts (Sul-
fixed. Upon examination you will see that phate of Soda) which produces yellow nega-
the density of the deposit is in direc! pro- tives and irreghlar stains.
portion to the quantity of alkali used, and
ionvince yourself thaf the strength of the Sulphite of Soda is used in developing so-
alkali is what gives contrast to a negative lutioris to prevent the rapid oxidafion of
when the tjme of development is the same. the developer. Particularly with Pyro, itView original page 11Page 12 · Read text
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18 G. CnervrDn'sl\faNuer, oN NDcetrvD M^e,rrxc. 19
controls the color of the negative. There- Ortol, Eikonogen, Hydrochinon,- Edinol,
fore, if the published formula does not give- Glycin, etc., in porn'der are of ligh-t. color
the desired color (chiefly on account of wli." fresh;' Pyro should be snow white.
local water conditions), increase the quan-
tity of the sulph'ite if the negative is too Percentag:e In making a Percentage
yellow or decreasethe quantity if the neg- SoluttonE. solution dissolve the
atlve ls too grey. chemical in less than the
desired amount of water, and afterwards
rt ts or qha! pure Sqlphite- aqq idd ettough water to make up the proper
Great rm- Carbonate of Soda should amount. Tor instance, a ten per cent solu- portance be used. Therefore, Pjg- ii"" is desired, dissolve 10 parts of the cure Cramer's dry Sul- chemical in water, and then add enough
phite and Carbo-nate of- Soda, which we qut water to make the total quantity up to roo
up in one-pound glass bottles, and each lot parts.
of which is given careful, practical and Temperature, st-rength' and preservation scientific tests, assuring the user uniform of developers. A11 traY
quality and purity. developers work best at a temperature of
65-Ifto 7o degrees Fahrenheit.
Bromide of is added to the dev-eloper the daik room is cold, the developer
potasstu,rt to counteract the effect of should be slightly warmer or more concen- . overexposure, its action trated.
being to produce contrast and clearness by If the dark room is hot, the developer
restraining the development of the shad- should be colder or more diluted.
ows. Fof this reason the Contrast Devel- A concentrated developer works fast and
oper to be used for this purpose, contains with much density.
a large dose of it. A very small quantity A diluted developer works slower but
of Biomide of Potassium or of Contrast with finer detail and is best for short ex- to addition as an is of benefit Developer posures.- not work per- if it does developer, fresh If the developer is too concentrated or fectly clear. One drop of a solution (1 part too warm it witl produce-addition fog, unless it is Bromide of Potassium in 10 of water) restrained by the of Bromide of usually being sufficient for two ounces of Potassium solution. developer If too much diluted, it is prone to pro-
add and dissolve the chem- duce stain by the long immersion required; rn Draktng icals in_the-given rotation. also peculiar streaks, as noted on page 46.- Solutious When dissolving dried Sul- Deieloping solutions deteriorate in th-e
ohite or Carbonate of Soda, the water course of time, decomposition being accel-
should be vigorously stirred while adding erated by alkali and by contact with air.
. the powdered chemical to cause speedy so- Some have to be used soon after mixing,
lution. for instance the Pyro, while others have
IJse distilled water; if that cannot be better keeping qualiiied. The developers of
obtained, melted ice water should be used. the former class should be prepared in two and in one agent the developing solutions, Boiled water, cooled and filtered, is pref- in the Potassium of Soda or Carbonate the erable to tap, cistern or well water, as it is other, mixing the two when wanted for rnore free from air and impurities. use. When all the chemicals are contained
Do not boil it in an iroq kettle. iu ot. solutiorr it is a good plan to fillView original page 12Page 13 · Read text
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20 G. CneuEn's Menruer,
same into small bottles, and to have thc
bottles quite. full and tightly corked so that
no air remains above the fluid. This pre-
vents oxidation of the developer while in
the bottles, which should be pliced on their
sides as an addi-tionalprecaulion.
Photograpbio may be divided into three
I,apers classes _as regards nega-
rst. Those*n3r'"'ttff:l:; is to reduce
the Contrasts shown in the negative (such
as collodion matt papers).
znd. Those whose tendency-negativeis to increase the contrasts shown in the (such Normal Formulas as most artificial light developing papers,
gelatjne printing_ ouf papers, etc.),'contrastsahd
-3rd. Those which register-as the
of the negative nearly they are (such _FOR_
as _most platinum developing papers' and
carbon).
Therefore, papers of the first class re-
quire that plates should be carried further
in the.dev_elop_er,or that the quantity of sul_ phite in the developer be reduced until the Cramer Plates.
tone of the negative is a brown black.
Papers of the second class should have
ne.gatives of medium intensity-nowith full de-
tail in the shadows and have perceptible
, color.
-Papers _of the third class want negatives
of normal exposure and of medium"inten-
sity, with little or no color. 20th EDtTloN.
Golor of The gradations of in-
!f,egative. tensityt;;-j"i,'ii",l''iillu*in the negative de- ity. Negatives StXi
should be less intense than those of a grey
black, -to give the same printing qualit1i.-negaiives
It should be noted that dense
are not necessar_yto give brilliant prints,
brilliancy depending on the way the sub-
ject is lighted and on the timing of the
plate. .luch a plate will yield a-brilliant
print, if the negative is d-eveloped-haveto the
point where the highest lights suffi-
cient density.View original page 13Page 25 · Read text
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44 G. CeeNrEn's MeNuel oN NEcatrvE MarrNc. 45
FAILURES AND THEIR REMEDIES. yelrow anir. caused - by decom-posed Pyro- solution, insufficient
with clear shadows' Un- Brown stains or decomposed Sulphite
weats or too of Soda, using too small a cluantity of de-
!f,egarives *'.'"f".*3tT;ir: veloper so that the plate is not sufficiently
Weak negatives with plenty qf detail in covered, prolonged development or using
the Shadowi. Overexposure or lighted -too the developer too warm or too strong, in-
n"ttv or too weak developer (use less sufficient washing of the negative after de-
water). veloping, before placing in the fixing bath,
tinued use has assumed a dark color. An strong U',15.,f.'""r#?:ti?"tlX': also by plain hypo solution which by con-
!f,egatives strong d-eveloper contain- addition of Chrome Alum Acid Solution to
ins too much alkali. Add more water and the fixing batl-r, as described on page 26, will
o.? l".t Carbonate of Soda or Potassium, prevent discoloration of the bath and stain-
as an excess of alkali blocks the whites. ing of the negative, provided same is al- lowed to remain in the bath a suFficient
DeveloPer being t o o length of time to secure perfect fixing. .ifoo Muclr
rntensity. Hy- Pyro or caused by Y3ilff:#?",tJlt-;#t1';
developer' wash warm, sultry air assume To Remove drochinon dried in Nesatives
*"i. intensity than when dried in a cool Yellow stain well to free from hypo and
place with draft. place in
rlig,btEos:. if_Hr *??ff IRON CLEARING SOLUTION. developing,""J;1.Tr*.::1?unclean- for- foom, unsafe light
lenses, reflections from shining edges of
diaphragm, interior of tube and camera' ex- Water .. . . .20 ozs"
traneous light falling upon the lens from ai;;; s;ipi.,;i;.i'i;;;'C#'t"]'..... eo,'.
top or side when not properly shield.ed, S u l p h u r i cr \ c i d C . P . . . . . . . . . . I o 2 .
light entering plate-holder when drawing Powdered alum .. t oz.
or replacing the slide, etc. irntil sttrrn is gone, then wash well.
Caused by old Plates,
Gbemrcat ,oo Bemove - After- the r-regative. is fixed, rins_e and place in a chemlcar Fos. 5:;::3;*:",X1''%:1:,Xuo:1 weak solution of Red
too warrn or too strong, containing too , Fog. Prrissiate redrrcer given on
much alkali without restrainer. page 28, using a double quantity of water,
Some developers,for instance, Eikbnogen, As soon as the fog is gone, wash well.
Hvdrochinon, Metol, etc., when quite fresh
n"1d th" addition of a few drops of Bro- fridescence (metallic appearance) of the
mide of Potassium Solution, to work per- surface can be removed by rubbing the negative with a tuft of cotton while the fectly clear. negative is wet, or by treating as for chem- If chemical fog occurs, use the developer ical fog. cooler or more diluted and add a few drops
of Bromide of Potassium Solution, contain-
ing 1 oz, Bromide of Potassium to 10 oz. ol
water.View original page 25Page 27 · Read text
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48 G. Cnaunn's MaNueL ON EGATIVD Mer<rNc. 49
is caused by the light Hala6on. passing through the film Selection of Plates.and striking "the back of the plate, which
acting as J mirror reflects the light back
into the shadows, thereby causing a spread-
ing of the lights into the shadorvs. The best
way to avoid it, is to use CRAMER LIGHTNINC PLATES.
CRAMER'S DOUBLE-COATED NON-
HALATION PLATES.
Halation on single-coated plates can be . "cRowN."helped by local reduction of the negative.
Halation can be prevented to some extent - Th"_ most, rapid plate made. It has goodbv backing the plates with Acme Halation latitude and all the fine printing qualities
destroyer- (black paper. coated- wi.lh paste, that are so distinctive a feature oJ the Cra-
to be attait-ted to bacli of plate), or by mer Plate.
painting the back with some quick-drying It is recommended especially for hand
paste'Negativesof b non-actinic color. cameras and instantaneous work and for
on thinly coated plates are large work and groups in the studio.
firor'e aPt to show halation.
..BANNER X.'
- Y_qty'rapid, with great latitude; gives a
brilliant, quick printing negative, lull of
detail in the shadows, which-prints as well
as it appears. The Banner X Plate is the
b-est for general use in Portrait Photogra-
phy.
..ANCHOR."
. A plate of less speed, giving greater den-
sity; suitable for commeicial-work.View original page 27Page 28 · Read text
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60 G. CnervrEn'sMexuer, oN NricltrvE MexrNc. 51
We have numerous testimonials from ex-
perts and scientists as to the superiority of
Cramer Isochromatic Plates and urge you,
if you care to inprove the quality of your
Why you should use work, to give them a thorough trial.
Their manipulation is just the same as for
our regular plates, except that a low ruby
light should be used in the dark room. CRAMER
That those who try them continue to use
them, is evident from our constantly in-
creasing sales of these goods. Isochromatic Plates.
The thinking photographer for many
years has been dissatisfied with the incor-
rect rendering of color values by the plates
which are generallY used'
He was obliged to exPlain that blue
photographed lighter; yellow, green and @so lr"ngi, much darker. In landscape YgrI
the foii"ge lacks detail, the clouds which
add so much to the efiect of a landscape
being omitted, and distant scene and moun- CRAME,R ISOCHROMATIC
tains scarcelY visible. PLATES. This state of affairs had prevailed fqr so
many years that it was generally accepted Fgt portraits and all
as one-of the limitations of photography' .rrnstantaneous" rsochromatic. ygl^ryl:T^..?-^I"pid ex-
all plates change Isochromatic give this' and plates l:"i;.T[:fi.frn;t:: bette'P?:fl: Commer- Portrait, of the place in the hands any othel plate screen than i yellow use of
ciul und Landscape Photographer a perfect of the sime rapidity. They are fully iso-
means of achieving satisfactory results' chromatic when used with a pale yellow Ray Filter, which requires olly a trifle
They mark one of the great advances longer exposure. On account of their hi-gh
in photography since the discovery of the seniitivet't-essto yellow and artificial light,
Oty pt"t.. Workers who are noted for the they are the best plates for flash-light ex-
quutity of their work use them exclusively' postlres. iView original page 28Page 32 · Read text
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58 G. CnarvrEn'sMaxual oN NEcrrtrvn Maxrwc. 59
YOU WANT *Pyro-Soda
fPyro-Soda Package, makes 176 ouncesfOr Tray, CramerChemicals! or 4/z gallons for Tank. Price..........--.-...-.-.....1O
, BECAUSE . Pyro-Acetone.
THE|R QUALITYlS UNIFORM, Pyro-AcetonePackage, makes 180 ounces for Tray, or 3LAgallons for Tank. Price.............1o
Cramer's Special Dry Sulphite of Soda. *Reducer No. l.
l-pound bottles.---.-.....-....--..--..... ....-......30 Reducescontrast for negatives too intense in
S-poundcans--.--.... -...$ I .25 the lights, and whose details must be preserved
'Cramer's Special Dry Carbonate of Soda. Per tube..-. ... .l O
l-pound bottles.--..-. ......---..25 tReducer No. 2.
S-poundcans..--....... .....$1.O0'
Increases contrast for overexposed ahd overde-
Cramer's (Liquid) Acetone. veloped negatives.
*Z-ounce bottles..-..-. ..-. .15 Per tube....
16-ouncebottles .........-..5o
l-gallon bottles....... .$3.2o . *lnlenslfier.
*Edinol Developer. Makes one solution for increasingthe density
In glass tubes, makes 64 to 96 ounces of de' of thin negatives.
veloper, (Professionalsize). Per 1ube.............3o Per tube.... -.-..lO
Does not stain the hands.
xMela-Chrome Hardenlng Powder. *Edinol DeveloPen.
In Cartridges, for plate paper or tank develop' For plate or film fixing baths, makes /2 gallon
ment, makes 6 to ?5 ouncesof developer,6 tubes of bath.
in a box, (Amateur size). Per tube.-- l 5
Per tube..-. ----.-"'5
Does not stain the hands. ' While this list comprisesthe chemicalsput
up by the G. CRAMER DRY PLATE Co., we
*M.-Q. DeveloPer. can furnish ANY chemicals required by our cus- ( u e r o L - H Y D R o c x l' nn . ) tomers at lowest possible prices.
In Cartridges, for plate, paper or tank develop'
ment. makes 4 to 25 ouncesof developer,6 tubes Chemicals marked with a star (*) will be sent by mail on receiptof price. in a box, pqy !ube..,..r!..!r'.?r,,r!*i'r!:"r.,..-r...'..w...',,,t5View original page 32Page 34 · Read text
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62. G. CnervrEn'sManuer, oN NDcatrvE Marrwc. 63
HOW TO PHOTOGRAPH METALLIC HARDENING SOLUTION.
oBJECTS WrrH POLTSHED SUR- Water . .80 ounces
F o i m a t i n . : . : . : . . . : : : . . . : . . . ; . : . : 1 o u n c e FACES, OR CUT GLASS.
_ Immersing the negative a few minutes in
Dab the surface of the .articlewith a ball this solution will render the gelatine per_
of soft putty. All such articles. should be fpctly.insolu.4e, so that the neg"ati,o.c"ri be
photographed against a black ground, the (]rled Dy artlhclal heat.
light falling only from one direction, and all
reflections stopped with black screens. Hol- ANTIDOTE FOR METOL POISONING.
low Cut Glass may be filled with ink or a
black analine water dye. Bright parts of _ _There is a serious drawback to the use of Metol, as with sorne people it biings on anmachinery may be painted as follows; Make irritating. s.kin troublq l^eaving th;-fingers
a thin cream of white lead and turpentine, very sensitive and tender.
gray with lamp-black and add one-sixth part As a cure for this trouble, the following
of gold size (which can be bought in any is recommended:
paint store). This paint can be removed Take first Rochelle Salts to open the
with cotton waste wet with turpentine or !owql_s, 11d_ qext day use Swift,s'Ste;i;i
benzine. pRecific (S .S S.) .according to Airectioirs toi
Scrotula. Attention should be paid to the
general health, any tendency toward dys_-be }IOW TO REMOVE SILVER STAIN pepsia and constipation ai once to
checked.
FROM NEGATIVES.
An Italian authority gives the following
fmmerse in Red Prussiate Clearing Solu- prescription for an ointirent.
tion as recommended for the removal of Ichth_yol ...1 part
chemical fog and yellow stain. See page 28. Lanoline ''2 Parts
noiu"i.*a-"il".Pure vaseline .:::::.: :::::::::: : :::l Sill: WHITE BACKGROUNDS.
The use of-the irritating cause should be Remove the background a sufficient dis- at once suspended.
tance from the sitter or object, so that there
P-yro stains on fingers may be removed byis no shadow thrown upon it. Avoid reflec- rrbbing with a large crystil of Citric Acii
tions in the camera. When the detail is directly after developm-ent, before the fin-
sufficiently developed rinse the negative and gers have been dried
place it in the CONTRAST developer for a (thimtles Lifters. with hook), alsoshort time. This will give the white back- _IndiaBl"t:Rubber F'inger Tips are useful for the
ground sufficient intensity, thereby avoiding protection of fingers from stain and injury.
the trouble of opaqueing same. Sold by all dealers.View original page 34From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
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