Film cameras
GAF L-CM User manual
User manual for GAF L-CM. 19 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
19 pagesEnglish1.7 MB PDF
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Document details
- Brand
- Gaf
- Model / document
- GAF L-CM
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 19
- File size
- 1.7 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 4 · Read text
OONDENSED Details ATTACHING NECKSTRAP LENS CAP
INSTRUCTIONS on page Remove neckstrap and wire loops To remove:
1. lnsert battery 5 f rom plastic bag. Pry end of wire Depress protruding tabs
away f rom loop and insert simultaneously and pullcap away
2 Load camera 6 separated end into eyelet on from lens.
camera body. Keep feeding wire
3. Set ASA f ilm speed 9 into eyelet by turning loop until To attach:
rounded portion of loop can be Depress protruding tabs, press
4. Advance film to first 6 f reely moved in camera eyelet cap against f ront opening of lens
f rame barrel and release tabs.
Thread neckstrap into wire loop
5. Push down 10 and secure it by pushing double-
exposu re meter headed stud into "buttonholes"
switch, set sh utter in strap. Repeat procedure on
speed, and adjust other side of camera.
f/stop ring until
needle is centered NOTEr lnsert wire loop carefully
to avoid scratching camera.
6. Observe subject 14
through viewfinder
7. Focus 12
8. Depress shutter 14
release
&
Read entire booklet
for details
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LOADING BATTERY
A mercury battery (Mallory PX-625 Clean battery before inserting
or equivalent) powers the built-in and thereafter at regular intervals.
exposure meter. lt is supplied with Wipe both sides with a rough
the camera, either installed or material to remove deposits.
packed separately in the camera Average battery life is about one
box. year. Since the battery may
develop a leak, remove it before
To install battery: the camera is stored.
Using a coin, unlock batterY
compartment cover by turning it
counterclockwise 90 deg rees
(Fig.1). Remove cover. Place
battery in compartment with Plus
side up (Fig.2). RePlace cover.View original page 5Page 6 · Read text
LOADING CAMERA
Use 20- or 36-exposure 35mm f ilm lf it does not go back all the way, 4. To make sure f ilm has been
in standard magazine. GAF@ f ilms turn knob until it does. loaded properly, operate f ilm
are available for making color 3. Insert end of f i lm into slot in advance lever (Fig. 7) until it
slides, color prints, or black-and- take-up spool (Fig.5). Place locks. Now turn rewind knob
white prints. thumb lightly over film on b'ottom clockwise untila resistance is felt.
sprocket wheel and operate f ilm Do not force it. Keep observing
To load camera: advance lever until upper f i lm rewind knob; it should turn
1 . Pu ll out f i lm rewind knob sprocket wheel also engages f ilm counterclockwise every time
(Fig.3) until camera back is perf orations and f i lm is secu rely the film is advanced, Depress
released, then swing camera back wrapped around take-up spool shutter release whenever the film
open all the way. (Fig.6). When the film advance advance lever locks. Operate f ilm
2. Keep f ilm rewind knob pu lled lever locks, f ree it by depressing advance lever untilfigure "1" is
allthe way out, insert magazine the shutter release. Close camera opposite the pointer in the
into chamber with protruding end back. exposu re cou nter wi ndow
towards bottom of camera
(Fig, 4), Push in f ilm rewind knob.
www.butkus.usView original page 6Page 7 · Read text
EXPOSURE COUNTER
(Fig.8). Do not press shutter The number of exposures already The next higher f igure moves to
release when the figure "1" made is indicated by the numbers the index line every time the f ilm
is opposite the index mark. in the exposure counter window advance lever is operated. When
adjacent to the f ilm advance lever. the camera back is opened, the
Camera is now ready for the f irst As there is no space to show every counter automatically returns to
exposure. number, some f igures ar.e indicated "S" (start).
lf the f ilm rewind knob does not by dots. Each dot represents the
turn while the film advance lever is f igure following the one before it.
being operated, the camera was ln Fig.9 for example, the dot
not loaded properly. Either the next to the f igure " 1" stands for
f ilm became detached f rorn the f igure "2", the following dot
take-up spool, or the sprockets (adjacent to index line) for
did not engage the perforations. figure "3".
Open camera back, remove and
reload film; follow steps 2,3, and
4 carefully.View original page 7Page 8 · Read text
UNLOADING THE CAMERA SHUTTER SPEED SETTING
Unload camera when (with a 3. Turn rewind crank clockwise. A The figures on the shutter speed
2O-exposure roll of film) the red tension is felt as the film is being dial indicate f ractions of a second.
f igure "20"* is opposite the index rewound into the magazine. Stop The figure 125,tor example,
line in'the exposure counter turning the rewind crank when the indicates a shutter speed of 1/ 125th
window. tension is relieved, indicating of a second.
Un load a 36 exposu re roll of f ilm that all the film has been returned The "8" setting is used when a
when the red f igure "36"* is to the magazine. f onger than one second exposure
opposite the index line. 4. Open camera back by pulling is req.uired. The shutter will
out rewind knob all the way. remain open as long as the shutter
f ilm cartridge. release is held depressed. Do not open camera back until 5. Lift out
the unloading procedure has Have film processed without To set the shutter speed, turn dial
been completed, delay. untilthe desired figure is lined up
Steps for unloading camera: with the white index line adjacent
1. Unfold rewind cr:ank. to the shutter speed dial on the
1O for 2. Depress rewind button on camera body. In Fig.
camera bottom all the way. example, the shutter is set for a
1/ 125th of a second exposu re.
*After the 20th or 36th picture one or more
f rames may still be available. These f rames
may be utilized by operating the film advance
lever after the red figure 20 or 36 has been
lined up with the index line in the exposure
counter. Pictures may then be taken until
a resistance during the operation of the
f ilm advance lever indicates that the end
of the f ilm has been reache.d. Do not force
film advance lever beyond that point.
While this procedure provides one or more
additional exoosures per roll, it is not'
recommended as the f ilm may become
separated f rom the spool. The separated
film cannot be rewound, its removal
from the camera reouires a darkroom www.butkus.us operation.View original page 8Page 9 · Read text
FILM SPEED SETTING
The ASA speed of the f ilm is locks into place.
specified on the box or in the Due to the lack of space on the
instruction sheet packed with the dial, some film speed numbers
film. are represented by dots. The
Pull up ring around shutter speed following chart shows the ASA
dial and rotate it until the ASA* and DIN numbers represented by
index of the f ilm is aligned with dots.
the line at the center of the ASA
window on the shutter speed dial.
In Fig. lO for example, ASA 100
has been set at the index line.
When the ring is released, the
selected ASA speed automatically
ASA Speed
800 : : 400 ? ? 200 : : 100 : 64. 40. 25. 16 . 10
r ttttttttltttttt tt i i r-r
640 500 320 250 160 125 B0 50 32 20 12
DIN Speed
30..27 ! ? 24 ?.21 r19.17.15.13.'11 29ililtttttrr28 26 25 23 22 20 18 16 14 12
*The same instructions apply to f ilms cali-
brated according to the European DIN speed
rating system. Line up the DIN f igure with
the index line under the window marked
"DtN".
elView original page 9Page 10 · Read text
EXPOSURE
The camera features a match- then counterclockwise, unti I This will permit the centering of
needle type semi-automatic CdS needle is centered, as shown in the need le.
exposure system. For accurate Fig. 1 1. When the needle remains below
exposures the user has only to 5, Push up exposure meter switch the horizontal position (Fig. l4)
center the needle in the to return lens diaphragm to even after the f/stop ring is set at
viewf inder, as shown in Fig. 11 . automatic operation. the largest lens opening, turn the
Exposures will now be accurate. shutter dial to a slower speed to
To center needle: Turn on exposure meter and allow the centering of the needle.
1. Push down switch shown in re-center needle whenever a For example, if at a 1 / 125 second
Fig. 12 to turn on exposure change occurs in subject shutter speed and an t/ 16lens
meter. bri ghtness or i I lumi nation. opening the needle is above the
2. Set desired shutter speed. lf the needle stays above the horizontal position (as in Fig. 13),
3. Observe subject thro'ugh the horizontal position (Fig, 13) even resetting the shutter speed to a
viewf inder. after the f/stop ring is set at the 1/250th of a second or f aster
4. Turn f/stop ring, f irst clockwise, smallest lens opening, turn speed will bring the needle below
shutter dial to a faster speed. the horizontal position. The needle
14
;
tt
I ''{u+'(,t \
www.butkus.usView original page 10Page 11 · Read text
can then be centered by turning backgrounds. Aim the camera at
the f/stop ring. the most important part of the
f f at a 1/125th of a second shutter subject (the face in the case of a
speed and the largest lens opening portrait) f rom a distance of about
the needle remains below the six inches and center the needle;
horizontal position (as shown in then return to the original camerat
Fig. 14), resetting the shutter to a position and make the exposu re.
1/60th of a second or slower
I speed will raise the needle above When the pictures are
the horizontal position; it can then consistently over- or
be centered by turning the f/stop underexposed, the film may
nng. be more or less sensitive than
I andlf eventheatslowestthe largestpracticallens openingshutter correctedits rated speed.by usingThisa canhigherbe easilyor
speed the needle remains below lower ASA (or DIN) speed than the
the horizontal position, the light one printed on the f ilm box or in
level is too low to provide the instruction sheet. Use a higher
adequate exposure. Change to a ASA number to correct for
faster f ilm (with a higher ASA overexposure and a lower ASA
number) or use f lash. number to correct for under-
exposure. For example, if pictures
Since the CdS electric eye made on a ASA 100 f ilm are
measures the entire image area, a consistently overexposed, set ASA
background that is much brighter speed at 125 or 160, depending on
or darker than the principal the degree of overexposure. lf
subject may cause an exposure f ilms are underexposed, set ASA
error. A close-up reading will at 80 or 64.
minimize the effect of such
I
11View original page 11Page 12 · Read text
EXPOSURE METER RANGE FOCUSING
Virtually all situations encou ntered Observe subject th rough is focused for subjects at a
in average use fall within the viewfinder. Turn focusing ring distance of 4 feet f rom the
operating range of the exposure f irst in one direction, then in the camera.
meter. When the few seldom used opposite direction, until image is
f ilm, fi lm speed/shutter speed sharpest. The brighter microprism Note: When using inf rared
combinations that are outside this area in the center is provided to f irst focus lens on subject, then
range are set on the camera, a red f aci litate f ocusing. align the figure on the distance flag appears in the viewf inder The distance scale may also be scale adjacent to the red t mark
(Fig. l5). The appearance of the used for focusing. Estimate or with the red dot at the right of
red f lag indicates that the meter is measu re the camera-to-subject the t mark.
not operating, necessitating the distance in feet or meters, then
use of a separate exposure meter. turn the focusing ring to align DEPTH OF FIELD
The following table shows the the figure representing that "Depth of f ield" designates the
ASA f ilm index and shutter speed distance with the red I mark. near and far limits of the area
combinations that are within the In Fig. 16, for example, the lens that will be sharp in the picture
operating range of the exposure (in f ront of and beyond the
meter:
Film Speed Shutter Speed Range
Up to ASA 100 From 1 sec to 1/1000 sec
ASA 2OO From 1/z sec Io 1/ 1000 sec
ASA 4OO From 1/q sec to 1/ 1000 sec
ASA 8OO From 7a sec to 1/ 1000 sec
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12View original page 12Page 13 · Read text
subject). Depth of field is (after focusing) the approximate opening selected for taking the
controlled by the lens opening depth of the area that will be picture is t/16. The first "16" is
(f/sto.p): it increases as the lens sharp in the picture. Locate on under the 7 on the distance scale,
opening is made smaller. the depth of f ield scale the pair while the second " 16" falls just
The depth of f ield can be checked of f igures that correspond to the a little short of 30, indicating that
visually, or it can be read off the f/stop selected for taking the objects between 7 and 28 feet
dept"h of f ield scale adjacent to picture. The figures appearing f rorh the camera will be in sharP
the t mark on the lens barrel. above the pair of figures on the focus.
For a visual check in the distance scale indicate the near
viewf inder, push down exposure and far limits of the depth of field.
meter switch. This closes the f n Fig. 17, for example, the lens
diaphragm to the lens opening is focused at 10 feet and the
set previously with the f/stop
ring. lmage sharpness can now
be observed.
The depth of f ield scale indicates
?
I
i
13View original page 13Page 14 · Read text
TAKING THE PICTURE SELF.TIMER USING FLASH
After the lens is focused and the The self-timer enables the Use f lash when the exposure meter
needle in the viewf inder is photographer to get into the indicates that the existing light
centered, take the picture by picture. Use a tripod or place level is too low for providing
depressing the shutter release. camera on a f irm su pport. Get adequate exposure (when the
To prevent camera motion, press camera ready f or exposu re. meter needle cannot be brought
release softly, with an even Move self-timer lever to the horizontal position even by
pressure of the f inger. Wherever counterclockwise, as far as it will using the largest lens opening and
feasible, use a tripod when the go (Fig. 18). the slowest practical shutter
shutter speed is 1/30 second or Start self -timer by depressing s peed).
slower. shutter release, then take position Electronic f lash and conventional
in f ront of the camera. Exposure f lash units using f lashbulbs or
will take place approximately 8 f lashcubes may be used.
seconds after shutter release has The camera has a hot shoe
been depressed. (accessory shoe with built-in
f lash contact) and two standard
P.C. outlets. one marked "M",
the other "X".
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14View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
Electronic and conventional f lash IMPORTANT: Do not use P.C. for 0,68,26, and 268 f lashbulbs, ((M"units having a foot with built-in cord and hot shoe of f lash units plug the P.C. cord into the
contact may be used without a equipped with both. outlet and use a 1/60 second or
connecting cord. Just slide the faster shutter speed.
foot of the f lash unit into the The two P.C. outlets on the camera Use the guide number system to
f lash exposure*. Findaccessory shoe all the way. As the (Fig.19 ) accept the P.C. cord plug establish
hot shoe has "X" type or f lash units. guide number for speed of f ilm
synchronization, it can be used Plug electronic f lash units into being used in the instructions
with electronic flash at a 1 / 125 outlet marked "X" and use 1 / 125 supplied with f lash unit or
second or slower sh utter speed. second or slower shutter speed. f lashbulb.
With AG-1 , AG-1B, AG-38, M-2, ForAG-1, AG-18, M-2, M-28
M-2B f lashbulbs and f lashcubes f lashbulbs and allf lashcubes,
in conventional f lash units, use a plug flash unit into outlet marked
1/30 second or slower shutter "X" and use 1/30 second or
speed. slower shutter speed.
*So called "automatic" electronic f lash units
provide correct exposure without calcula-
tions. Follow instructions provided with
the unit.View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
FILTER SIZE CHANGING THE LENS
To arrive at the f/stop to be used, The lens accepts Series Vll f i lters Before lens is removed always
divide the guide number by the in 52mm diameter x .75mm pitch disconnect exposure meter by
distance in feet between subject screw-in mounts, or 54mm slip-on pulling up switch (Fig.2o).Keep
and f lash. For example, with a mou nts. turning lens counterclockwise
film having ASA 64 speed, a f lash (shown in Fig.20) until it is
f rom the camera body. unit with a guide number of 32 FILM PLANE INDICATOR separated
f or that f ilm, and a f lash-to-subject In certain types of work it is To replace lens, insert threaded
distance of B feet, a lens opening necessary to know exactly the end into opening in camera body
of f /4 will provide correct exposure location of the f ilm plane. The and keep turning lens clockwise
because: mark on the camera top until it is firmly seated. Do not 32 (guide nur ' - -' indicates f ilm position. force it.
The screw mount of the camera ffi:4(tt4). accepts a wide variety of Pentax
and Practica type lenses and
accessories.
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16View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
CAMERA CARE
The GAF Single Lens Ref lex lmportant:
Camera is a precision instrument. The original bill of sale (dated sales
Used with care, it will provide slip with name and address of
yedrs of service. Protect the dealer) is now accepted as proof
camera f rom dirt, rain, dampness, of purchase for establishing the
and excessive heat. Avoid touching warranty period. No warranty card
the lens. To clean lens, breathe is provided. To help identif icatiorr
on it, then wipe it gently with a in case of loss or theft, keep among
soft, lintless cloth or tissue. Do not your personal records the camera
use eyeglass tissues as they model designation (GAF L-CM) and
might damage the lens coating. the serial number appearing on
lf anything goes wrong, do not the camera back, at the right of
try to repair it. Take it to a dealer the viewf i nde r eyepiece.
or send it to the nearest GAF Photo
Equipment Repair Center shown
in the list on page 18.
17View original page 17Page 19 · Read text
Film and shutter wind: Dimensions (body onlyf :Sing le-stroke rapid-wind lever Width 149 mm (s%in.)
(33/+ in.)with 20 ready position and 134 Height 95 mm
(21/a in.)operating swing Depth 65 mm
Film frame counter: Weight (body onlyf :
Automatically indicates number of 850 gr. (30 oz)
exposures- returns to "S" (start)
when camera back is opened
Self timer:
Variable delay to I seconds
Film rewind:
Folding crank type
Accessory shoe:
Standard accessory shoe equipped
with electronic contact (so called
"hot shoe") for X synchronization
Flash sync:
"Hot shoe" plus "M" and "X"
P.C. outlets- "X" sync at 1/125
second or slower shutter speed
Power source:
1.35 volt mercury battery
(Mallory PX 625 or equivalent)
\ 1(
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