Gossen SIXTICOLOR - SINGLE PAGES User manual

1' Red  rotating  knob  for setting index arrows  to typc  of film  or Kelvin  degree measurement  of film.

  2. Table showine  colour  temperature  for which  most  filrns are balanced

 3'  Index letters of film  types to whichis  set arrow 3A by means of red rotating  knob  1.

 4'  Filter scale showing  colour  correction  filters requircd,  from   Il  (blue)  21.to   l and R  (red) L to  24.

 5. White  indicator  needle.


 6. Red Push Button.
   When  depressed, the indicator  needle (5) is freed to give reading. When  buttonis  released needle and
   reading are both locked. Reading  can then be taken either from  Filter Scale (4) or fronr.   . .

7. Colour  Tcrnperature  Scale. This scale is rated in degrees Kelvin   (.K):   (the three noughts indicating
   thousands have been ornitted  to save space, therefore  the reading must be multiplied  by 1,000).

8. Index mark  for oK values which  is set by red rotating  knob  1.

Your  Colour  films   will  be enhanced  when  the  colour  balance  of your  film
       and the  light  conditions   both match.

All colour films are balancedfor a ccrtaintype or quality of light, e.g. for daylightor for tungsten
light.  If the light source does not correspondto the colour temperature for which the fihn is balanceda
blue or red colour castwill result, especiallywith reversalcolour filnr. Shotstaken in the shade,for in-
stance,will have a bluc cast due to the blue light of the sky'
 These defectscan be overcome, however, by using the appropriate colour correction filter. These filters
 changethe "wrong"  light to that for which the colour film in use has been balanced.
 The type of light  - thatis, its quality of colour -is  termed Colour Temperature and is designatedin
 degreesKelvin ("K). (A detailed explanation is given on Page 14)'

                        The SIXTICOLOR

                                          records automatically  the correction   filters necessary,
                                           gives a fully  automatic  reading  of  the  colour  ternpcrature  of
                                            the lisht.

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How to use the SIXTICOLOR

 Set  it  for  the  filrn  type
 Turn  the central red knob  until  the lower  arrow  points  to the colour  film  to be used, e. g. on D(T)  for
 daylight  colour  film.
When  this lower  arrow  is, for instance, on D then the corresponding  arrow  on the upper half of the dial
 will  automatically  be set on the I{elvin  degree measurelnent  of Daylight   col,our film  whichis  5,g00oK.
You  can, of course, reverse the procedure  and set the upper arrow  to the requircd  degree Kelvin  value
when the lower  arrow   rvill correspond  to the type  of film  being used.
(More about film types will  bc for-rnd on page 10).

Measurernent
In general, the light  'reasured  is that which  falls on the 'rost   i'r-
portant  part  of the scene or subject to be photoeraphed,  mea_
surement beine rnade from  the subject position towards  the light
source.
Note   : The opal disc nrust be evenly illuminated.  Be sure that the
disc is not shaded by a finger or other  object, otherwise  the mea-
sured colour  tentperature rnay be incorrect. Examples  of nre_
thods of nleasurement  will  be found  on pages 5-9.)

The white  indicator  needle shows on the upper scale of the SIXTICOLOR   the filters to be used -
                                         'B'  (blue) filters and to the right of the zero mark the 'R'  (red) filters.to the left of the zero mark the
(Ao explanation of the figures on the filter scaleis given on page 15. Details of filters on the market
are given on pages 12113')
At the same time, the oK-value  of the light measured is given on the colour temperature  scale.
The  filters indicated  should be placed in the normal  way  in front  of the carnera lens.
Example: The SIXTICOLOR  shows that Filter R 9 is required-in  the caseof say, Lifa filters it would
         be CR 9-in  order to correct existing light to suit your film'
Should you nor have the filter indicated, i.e. R 9, the next weaker filter-R   6-should  be used. Alter-
natively two or more filters may be added together to make the filter required, e.g. R 6 + R3   : R 9'

 Filter  Factors
The use of Filters increasesthe exposure time.
Before taking the photograph you must, of course, determine the light value or time/aperture com-   '
bination-as  against Colour  temperature-with,    for instance, one of the Gossen range of Exposure
 Meters.
The exposure result obtained must be adjusted to take into account the factor of the Colour Correction
 Filter(s) used and the corresponding increasein time and/or aperture be taken into account as with
 ordinary  filters.
 (The filter factors for Colour Correction Filters are given by the filter manufacturers.)


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Examples  of measuring  methods

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Subject in sunlight:  Measure by pointing the celr rowards rhe sun.

Overcast  sky  (no sun)  :    4DT Mcasurc by  pointirtu  thc  ccll tc>w:trds
 thc sky.
 Notc:  with  drifting  cior-rds (also with
 ovcrcast tky),  thc  colclttr tctltpcrrltttrc
                                               /\ oftcn chatrqcs quickly.


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Film Types


 The most popular type of colour film is Daylight Colour Film (SIXTICOLOR  symbol T, English D)
 and the best colour reproduction is obtained under conditions where the colour temperature is ap-
 proximately 5,800" K.

 This type of film can also be used with electronic flash and blue flash bulbs.

  Daylight Colour Films are available from  all colour film manufacturers.

 There are, however, three types of artificial-or  tungsten-light  colour films.

 These are: SIXTICOLOR  Symbols.
 K-English  B  for pictures with photolamps with a colour temperature of 3,2000K, e.g. Nitraphot B,
                Argaphoto, Agfacolor K, Ektachrome B, Ferraniacolor, Gevacolor.
 F                 for pictures with  clear flash bulbs (flashlight) of approximately 3,8000 K, e.g. Vacu-
                     blitz, Photoflux.
 A                for pictures with photolamps with a colour temperature of 3,4000 K  (floodlight),
                  e.g. Nitraphot S, Photolita. Yellow flashbulbsare also suitable.
                    Ilford A, Kodachrome A (professional).

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tlse   your    filters    correctly


            Colour   filters indicated  by  the SIXTICOLOR     convert  the colour  temperature  of the measured light
              to  that  for which  the colour  fihn  is balanced. When  projected,  the colours  of the transparency  will
           appear on the screen as natural and lifelike  as the original.

          The  colour  correction  filters indicated  by the SIXTICOLOR     correct colour  casts which  would  othcr-
            wisc have occured   if  the  film  were used under  colour  temperature  conditions   for  which    it was not
            balanced.  It  naturally  does not compensate  for  errors  arising  out  of incorrect  exposure  or excessively
            long  storage of  filin  etc.

              In order  to create particular  tone effects-sunset  scenes for instance-use   a filter one step down  frour
              that indicated  on the SIXTICOLOR,     or use no  filter  at all. Obviously   the choice would  depend on
            your own  experience and the precise effect required.r*     In case of doubt  use thc next weaker  filter.

           Please note: Red and Blue  filters  of different  manufacturers,  although  bearing  the same number,  that
                is to say R 9 or B 9, may vary both  in the density of their colours and may also have a different exPosure
              factor.  The  instructions  supplied  by  each  Filter  manufacturer   with   their  Colour  Correction   Filters
            should be carefully  studicd.

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About    Colour    Temperature        (a little  theory  for curious minded)


   Light  consists of rays with   different  wave-lengths.  The  different  wave-lengths  have  their  characteristic
   colours  in the spectrum. From  thc shorter  to the longer  wave-lengths  the colours appear as follows:
   blue, green, yellow,  orange and red. The  proportion   of rays (and therefore  the amount  of any  parti-
   cular colour)  in the various  spectral regions  differs  in accordance with  the type  oflight.   For instance,
   the light from incandescent lamps contains more red than blue. In daylight  the blue rays are predorninaut.

  This  "spectral  composition"    of light  has a great influence on the colour  rendering  of the colour  filnr.
  For instance, a photograph  taken in the shade under a blue sky will  result in a blue tinge on the picture.

  Our  eyes are not  able to judge   critically  the colour  of  light  (that  is to say its spectral composition)
  because our subjective  vision  constantly accommodates  itself to the prevailing  colour  of light.  For this
  reason we need an  "objective"   measuring  instrument  which  measures the  respective  colours.  This
   "quality"   of light  which  is so important   in colour  photography   is known  as COLOUR   TEMPERA-
  TURE.

  The connection bet'"r'een"colour"  and "temperature"  is defined by the characteristicsof light  of
  glowing bodies. With  these the spectral composition of light, that is the light  "colour"  is defined
  plainly by the glowing temperature.

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This temperature  is called the "colour  temperature"  and is given  in o K (degree Kelvin)
 *     Thc expressioncolour temperature is also usedK : foro clight+ 2 7 not3 .  emitted by glowing bodies. For instarice,
                   if you had a colour temperature of 10,000"K for a blue sky you could then assessthat a glowing body
            at 10,0000K would emit the samelight as the blue sky.

          With the SIXTICOLOR  you can measurethe colour tcmperature of all the types of light which are
          important in photography. ,tCare should be taken, however, with fluorescentlight, sodium vapor and mercury vapor lamps and
            similar coloured light sources,as these have a different spectral composition from the normal light
          emitted by a glowing body.

         The   Filter   scale
          Colour temperature is measurednot only in "degreesKelvin" but also in "mired"  values:f

                                   :  Mlcro REciprocal Degree.F     MIRED                            mired value :  14-roo':!9- 11. value

            In practice smaller values are used, and this smaller value is known as the decamired value.

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                                                                                                                                                       ,i*-:-. ,:,*r,t-iI

To  obtain  the decamired  value:  divide  the mired  value bv  10. i.e. 10 mired    :  1 decamired.
           Example:                  5,000oK :200  mired  :  20 decamired.
           These mired and decamired values allow for the precise selection of the colour correction filter.
           Though the value of the light expressedin " K may differ, provided the value of the conversion required
                 is the same, the one filter can be used in both cases.For instance,a filter R 6 converts the colour tem-
             perature by the value of 6 decamireds:that is to say:
                                   e.g. 8,9000K (11.2 decamired)into 5,8000K (17.2 decamired)
                                  or  3,9600K (25.3 decamired)into 3,200oK (31.3 decamired).
               In both cases thc decamired value difference is the same-that is 6-though the degree Kelvin value
                is different (3,100oK and 760'K).
           The numbers on the fi.lter scale of the SIXTICOLOR   are the decarnired values. Thc white pointer
              indicates the decamired difference between the colour temperature measured and that for which the
             colour film  in use has been balanced. The illustration on Page 1 indicates a filter B 72 and a colour
            temperature of approximately 3,400o K. The arrow on the lower part points to D and T, and the
            corresponding arrow on the upper prrt of the scaleto 5,800" K  (this Kelvin degree value being that
               for which daylight colour film is balanced).The decamired difference therefore is:
                                 29.3 decamired (3,4000K) minus 77.2 decamired (5,8000K)
                                                          :  12 decamired, that correspondsto filter B 12.
          The bluish filter B, raisesthe oK value of the colour temperature, and the reddish R filtcrs lorver it.

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Data about the SIXTICOLOR
   :'
  9      under normal measuring conditions the measuring error is smaller thanf  1 decarnired.
        To assurethe abovementionedaccuracyof measurement,the following minimum valueof brightnessis necessary:

                                                                             Brightness.           Indication  of the expo-
                                                                                                 sure meter when  set to
                                                                                          15/10 DrN   (25 ASA)

            with incandescent lamps and photolamps                          approx. 100 Lux   approx. light valuc 3.5
                                                                           (10 foot candle)     (aperture 5,6-3 sec).
            with  daylight                                                       approx. 1000 Lux    approx.   light  value  7
                                                                        (100 foot candle)    (aperture 5,6-t/n sec).wt       The valuesobtained with the SIXTICOLOR  are independentoflight intensity up to abour 100,000Lux
         (9,300foot candles).

       The pointer indicator at the rest position (that is with the opal disc completely covered) has no bearing
        on the indication of the accuracy of the instrument.Q
        The pointer rests,with completelycoveredopal disc,at 3000oK.Differencesup to t 4 decamiredfrom thisvaluedo
         not of effectthe accuracythe instrument,

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