Kalart Speed Flash User manual

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  SPEED
  FLASH





                Price l0c



THE IfitART GOMPAilY IIIC.
915 BROADWAY .  NEW YORK

       Copyright 1940, The Kalari Company Inc.

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/)t
Jntrod.wcing . . .

THE KATART )licromatic SPEED FTASH

The Kalart Micromatie Speeil Flaeh was designed primarily
for press photographers, to enable them to take action
pictures indoors with photoflash lamps. However, as its
use became nlore widespread it became more varied in its
applications, until today it is applied to making practically
any exposure, whether indoors or in bright sunlight. The
Speed Flash is simply attached to the camera, the entire
outfit becoming a unit easily held in one hand, leaving the
other free to operate the camera. For most shots a tripod
is unnecessary. The photographer has greater control of
light from a synchronized flash than any other type of
illuminant. Flashbulbs are made in several sizes with a
specified amount of illumination emitted from each bulb.
This factor eliminates guesswork when making an exposure'
and definite rules baserl upon exposure charts and experi'
ence greatly sinrplify the art of taking pictures. :
Canilid camera fans, partieularly, will appreciate the Kalart
Micromatic Speed Flash as it makes a truly candid camera
out of any camera equipped with a fast shutter, regardless
of the speed of the lens. Wifh exposures of l,/lO0th or
l/200th second and the diaphragm set at f :B or f :ll candid
snapshots can be taken at any party or gathering and the
results will be snappy, well-exposed negatives. With the
fast films available today it is possible to use the smaller,
economically priced flash bulbs for close-up shots. Children
and animals, always very popular subjects with the eamera
t3l

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tAe       Ho*
    Mirr:omatic Spu"J Fl"tl,
            Operates

  The accompanying photographs of the Micromatic Speed
 Flash mounted on a Compur shutter expose the mechanism
 of both the shutter and synchronizer, and illustrate the
 mechanical principle by which the shutter is tripped. The
 synchronizer is shown attached to the shutter by means of
 the permanent adapter, which is explained in a subsequent
 chap-ter. A regular Compur cable release is used to trip the
synchronizer.
  When pressure is applied to the cable release, the pawl
is depressed and a flat silver spring makes contact against a
screw which is connected to one of the lead wires to the
battery case. The other spring which acts as a tension
spring is always in contact with the wall of the synchronizer
to which the other lead wire is grounded. Thus, when the
cable release is pressed, the action of the pawl causes the
electrical circuit to be completed.
  The fly wheel now starts its motion, aetuated by the tension
of the coil spring behind the plunger which causes the latter
to enter the shutter with sufficient pressure to trip the shut-
ter. This pressure movement causes neither an internal
concussion nor external drag on the shutter. For that reason,
exposurqs at any speed can safely be made without shutter
vibration. Vhen the synchronizer plunger enters the shutter
it depresses the shoulder end of a semi.circular arm. Below
this shoulder is a small anvil which acts as a stop for that
arm. Regardless of the pressure applied to this part by the
plunger it cannot penetrate beyond this stop which ie an
integral part of the shutter.
 Vhen the synchronizer is rewound the flywheel engagea
the plunger and returns it to a cocked position. The eyn-
                      t5l

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                                         Coartesy ol Zeiss Magazine  Fis. l-Showing mechanism of
lhe shutter and synchronizer when
both are set for the exposure. The      Fig. 2-lllustrating the action of
synchronizer  is wound and fhe shut-   both Speed Flash and shutter dur-
fer is cocked.                      ing the exposure interval.
chronizer is thus reset for the next exposure. The shutter
                                            woundiso of eourse, cocked AFTER the synchronizer is
(except in the automatic self.cocking shutter). This is essen.
tial. Cocking the shutter with the synchronizer plunger
discharged puts a load on the shutter levers for which
those parts are not designed. The procedure then should 1
be in the following sequence: First, wind the synchronizer i  ,
then cock the shutter before making the exposure.
  From this explanation it is clear that the electrical circuit
                       t6l

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is closed after the pawl is pressed by the cable release suffi.
ciently to free the flywheel which in turn conrrols the
plunger. This action takes plaee in timed relation to match
the igniting characteristics and preliminary burning period
of the flash bulb. Electrical energy supplied by the f,attery
is used only to ignite the filament in the flash bulb. The
circuit automatically breaks when that filament is destroyed
by combustion taking place within the bulb. Because of this
automatic break in the circuit the electrical energy required
is very slight, and the battery drain is for a very minute
period of time. The battery serves no other funetion. It
is not required to operate any part of the synchronizer or
shutter. No magnets or other electrically operated devices (
are used to consume or wear it down. Because of this slight
drain a constant uniformity of operation is maintained since
there is no fluctuation in energy output, as is the case with
electrically operated devices which consume rarge amounts
of current. Because of this feature the small lightweight
battery used in the l(alart Micromatic speed Flash will far
outlast the heavier batteries of electrically operated devices.
There is sufficient current in the I(alart battery case to fire
two flash bulbs in synchronism with the shutter so that
the photographer rnay obtain varied lighting effects.
Being mechanical in action the Micromatic Speed Flash
does not depend upon the eondition of the blatteries to
operate the shurter. The barteries will therefore LAST SIX
MONTHS BEFORE REPLACEMENT.
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Fig. 3-Diagram showing one side of Synchronizer Head Assembly.
L7l

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TTIE PERMANET{T SHUTTER ADAPTER
The standard cable release socket on all Compuro Compur
Rapid and Compound shutters is not very substantially
secured. With constant usage it tends to become loose and
rtobbly, and in this condition it is a hazard to synchronization. F To eliminate this condition we recommend the installation
of a Permanent Shutter Adapter to replace the standard
socket. This Adapter provides a firm solid support on the
shutter for the synchronizer and in no way interferes with the
normal use of the shutter or camera. In addition the
Adapter makes it easier to attach and remove the Synehron.
izer from the shutter.
The Permanent Adapter parts consist of the saddle for
attachment to the shutter and the fitting for use on the
synchronizer. These parts are supplied for $1.25 and should
be attached by a competent shutter mechanic. Our charge
for the installation is $1.75. W.ith the Zeiss Super Ikonta
A, B, C, and D c'ameras it is recommended that ihe camera
be sent to Carl Zeiss Inc.. 485 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. or
728 S. Hill St., Los Angeles, Calif., for the installation of
the permanent shutter adapter.

Adapler Fig. 4 -on PermanentShutler andShulierCableRelease altached without Syn- .sFig. 4A-Parls of Permanent
ch ronizer. Shufter Adapier.
Fig.5 Right Kalart Syn-chronizer atldched- lo Kodak
Bantam Special Camera by www.butkus.us
means of lhe Permaneni Shul-
far Adapter.
6g
@

FiE. SA-Permanent Adapter
saddle for Compur Rapid Shut-
ters and No. 4 straight ihread-
ed fitting.
tBl

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EXPOSUBES
     A great deal has been said and written on the subject of
       exposing with photoflash. controversies have arisen between
      the champions of panchromatic and ortho film on the rel.
       ative merits of these two emulsions in connection with
       flashbulb exposures. Photoflash lamps emit light of  all
       colors. There is enough violet, blue and green light for
        full exposure on orthochromatic  film. A greater amount
       of yellow, orange and red light is present to insure correct
      color rendering with panchromatic emulsions. The same
        basis fo. judging speedflash exposures may be used for filr's
      of equal speed rating regardless of type of ernulsion. It  is
     common custom to refer to the Mazda rating of films when
      exposing with flash. Due to variations in color temperatures
      of difrerent types of bulbs, it is difficult to compile a special
       "Photoflash" rating. The selection of film emulsion is best
        left to the judgment of the photographer who can take into
      consideration the coloring of the subject matter involved.
      To determine the correct exposure when using synchro.
      nized flashlight there are several factors to be considered.
     The speed of the fiIm is of primary importance and once
     you have become accustomed to one type of film  it  is
      advisable to stick to that film for uniform exposing and
      processing results. The same holds true for flashbulbs.
     once you are satisfied with the results of a particurar brand
      of Iampo stick to it for uniformity and consistent synchro.
       nization. You may, of course, use both small and large size
     lamps depending upon the area to be covered.
      The color and reflecting power of surrounding walls and
      the height of the ceiling afiects the amount of exposure
      received from a given lamp. And, finally, the method ofa
       processing the exposed film has great bearing on the exposure
      necessary for a good negative.
                           tel

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             WIRE FILLED LAMPS
    WITH BETWEEN.LENS AND FOCAL PLANE SHUTTERS*
Lamp Size                6ft.     9 fr.         t2 tt.        18 fi.      25 fr.
Wabash No. 0            f l5       f tl       f8          f  5.6     t4
Mazda No. 7             f t8       f t2.5     f  9.5       f 6.3       t 4.5               1
Wabash No.   I         ft8       t l2.E     f 9.5     f  6.3         f 4.5
Mazda No. 16         t22       f t6         f tl      f8             f 5.6
Wabash No. 40,000     122     ft6         f tl      f8             f 5.6
Wabash No.2          t32     t22         f t6                 f8
r*Mazda No. 30        ft8       f 12.5       f  9.5       f 6.3  ..  f 4.5

This chart is for use with the following 6lms at a shurter speed of
l,/100 sec. For L/2O0 sec. exposures use one larger stop opening. For
l/400 sec. use rwo larger stop openings. For l/50 second or slower
use one srop smaller opening.
These films moy be exposed qccording lo lhe chqrls os
printed:
AGFA Superpan Press   EASTMAN Tri X Pan
       Ullra Speed Pan            Super panchro press
       Triple "5" Pan               Super XX Pan (Roll & pack Film)

When using lhese films use lens openinE one slop lorEer
thon shown in, chorts:
AGFA Super Plena Press    EASTMAN Super XX Pan (Cut Film)
        lsopan                         Panchro Press
      Super Pan Supieme               Plus X Pan
DU PONT XL Pan         DEFENDER XF Pan Press
           Superior                                           '   Ortho X


 *NOTE:  See page 2l  for information on focal plane shutters.
**For use with focal plane shutrers only.
                       Ir0]

                                                                                                                                           -tI

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FOIL FIttED LAMPS
           WITH BETWEEN-LENS SHUTTERS ONLY
Lamp Size                 6 fr.     9 ft.       t2 t+.   18 fr.    25 fr.
Mazda No.  ll              ff6         fil      f8      f5.6    t4
MazdaNo. 15          t22     lt6        fil      f8        f5.6
Mazda No. 2l           t32    t22     fl6         fil       f8
Thrs chart is for use with rhe lisrcd films at l/200 sec. shutter speed.
For l/40O sec. exposures use one srop larger opening. For 1,/50 sec.
or sloq'er use one stop smaller opening. For l/l0o  sec. exposure use
/2 srop smaller opening.

When using these films use lens opening lwo stops targer
thon shown in chorls:
   AGFA Superpan          EASTMAN SS pan
         Superpan Porlrait                      portrait pan
        SS Panchromalic                 Super Ortho press
       Finopan                           Panatomic X
         super Plenachrome   GAVAERT Ulira panchro press
   DEFENDER XF Orlho Press              Super Orfho Press
           XF Pan                        Panchromosa

When using lhese films use lens opening lhree stops lcrger
thqn shown in chcrls:
   AGFA Plenachrome        DEFENDER XF Oriho
       Comm. Panchromalic  EASTMAN Panatomic
           Fine Grain Plenachrome         Verichrome

 The above charts were based on exposures made in
a room with medium colored walls and ceiling and the
films developed according to instructions supplied by the
manufacturer. For outdoor pictures at night use the next
larger stop opening or reduce the distanee from lamp to
                 37'asubject to            of that shown
                         Ilr]

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PHOTOFTASH TAMPS
Available to photographers today are two types of photo.
flash lamps; the foil-filled lamp and the newer wire-filled type of lamp. f,
The main difierences between these types of lamps, aside
from their physical appearances, lies in their burning char-
acteristics.
The foil-filled lamp reaches a higher peak of intensity
than a wire lamp of the corresponding bulb size but burns
up much faster. The wire lamps, however, have a longer
lasting flash and are recommended for use with focal plane
shutters.
The No. 21.,3,3A, 30 and 3l wire lamps and the No. 75
foil lamp are not recommended for use with between-the-lens
shutters at speeds faster than l/50 sec. TheiNo. 2o 2A, 30 and
3l lamps are recommended for synchronizing focal plane
shutters at speeds of U200 sec. or faster.
The Vabash Photolamp Corp. manufactures Superflash
lamps in various sizes and these are all wire.filled lamps.
The General Electric and Westinghouse Companies manu^
facture various sizes of the Mazda lamp in both the wire
and foil type.
There is also the Munder photoflash lamp which is an
all-fr,il lamp manufactured in 2 sizes, the No. 15 and No. 20.
These manufacturers occasionally introduce new lamps.
By comparing results with such bulbs against the results you
have been securing with your favorite lamp-you can readily
determine their characteristics.
The accompanying chart on page 13 lists all photoflash
lamps which are recommended as suitable for use with
synchronizers and contains the burning characteristics and
average* synchronizer adjustment for each. o
*See footnote at bottom on page 13.
I
I12 I

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TADIUSTTNG THE MICROMATTC SPEED FrASH
As the time lag'i' in photoflash bulbs varies between .019
and .024 of a second, and the difierent shutters have
varying _spring tensions, the Micromatic Speed Flash was designed to meet all these variables. 'fhe efiective flash F
duration or action-stopping ability of the average flash
bulb. is approximately 75Oih .""o.td which may t;ke care I,tl oj the ordinary posed type of picture. Howlrer, many
photographers., particularly newspup".-"rr, are called upon I,lI to photograph rapid action or- to take a picture ,,r,'d".
conditions where a blurred negative would-result if the shutter remained open for the entire duration of the flash. It
Consequently, the shutter must be operated at l/200 second
or faster, and be so synchronized as to secure si-ultu.r"ous
shutter action with the most intense period of illuminatio..
J(alart Speed Flash is individually tested and pre. Pachadjusted for use with a specified camera oi shutter.
If you desire to check this adjustment make two photollash
test elposure_s in a dimly lighted room, one it l/S}th
second and the other at i/2001h second, both at f:ti dia.phragm setting. _De_velop the fiIms tog"ih"" for an equallength of time. Both negatives should be satisfactory, ruith
slightly more density in the l/Slth second exposure. if th"r"is- a great difference between the two make theadjustments as follows: ""poir"",
a. If both negatives are thin with no difference between
them the shutter opened too late . the peak had been
reached before the shutter was fully opened.
.To a.djustj T!" plunger action may be advaneed by turnirrgthe milled knob down two or threl points.
b. If the l/50th second exposure i. f,rny timed arrd the
l/2.00th second exp_osure very thin or blank, the plunger
action is too far advanced, opening the shutier too ea.iy.
,To udjust.- Th-e plunger action may be delayed by turningthe milled knob upward one or two points.
Each engraved dot on the Micromatic shank has been
sp^aced to change the spring or tension release approxirnutely
.00I seeond.
--it". Irg is the interval berween closure of rhe electrical circuit to
the lamp hlament and the peak of illumination in each photoflash lamp.
fSee Synchroscope announcement on page 32.
I
l14 l II
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Synchronizer Fittings qnd Shutter Bushings
ffi&€b@&No. 0 No. I No.2 No. 3 No.4 fapered Thread TaPered Thrcad Siraiqht Bushing Straight Threid Thread
The No. 0 fitting is attached to all Medium and Low
T"".iorr synch.oniz6rs at the factory. The old-style- type A N9' I fitting-' shutters Compounrtr uttd ull Co-po.- and Acme ,rgUuirethe L\"Ilex use with- fitting^ is for 2 ih; No.
Optil" Jutters *fri"h require a straight threaded cable
release.
The No. 3 shutter bushing is used to reinforce the cable
release opening on I(odamatlc, Diomatic, Supermatic and all
automatic shulters which do not have any cable release
socket reinforcements.
The No. 4 fitting is for use with the Arg-us A, AF, and
A2F cameras on tlie Medium Tension Model.
tttir fitting is also used with the Permanent Shutter
Adapter-- ott eo-por Rapid and C-ompur-Compur0 shutters. iti" u""o-puttlittg ch^art lists the shutters and
recommended Speed Flash Models.

Morimum
Shuller Speed

,
x CompurRapid0&00 | /400-t /800 Low Tension No. 0

Compur 0 t/2E0 Low Tension No. 0

I Compur | (Type A) t/200 Medium Tension No.
Compur | (Rim Sei) t/200 Medium Tension No. 0
Compur (Type A) Medium Tension No. I
Compur (Rim Set) um Tension No. 0

l15 l

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  The Low Tension Model Speed Flash is for use with those
cameras having a maximum shutter speed faster than 1/200th
 sec. For those cameras whose maximum shutter speed does
not exceed l/200th sec. the Mediurn Tension Model should
be used.  When in doubt as to which is the proper fitting it is best oto try the long No. 0 first. Then, if this one fails to trip the
shutter use the short tapered fitting (No. I).
   fnstructions for synchronizing  all cameras requiring special
rnodels or instructions follow.
         KODAK SHUTTERS
  All I(odaks fitted with Kodamatico Diomatic and Super.
matic Shutters are synchronized with the Low Tension Model
Micromatic Speed Flash. Cameras having a Kodex shutter
require the Medium Tension Model.
  With all these shutters the No. 3 bushing is first screwed
into the cable release opening of the shutter and may be
left on permanently. A regular Compur release will  trip
the shutter thereafter.





                                      Fis.  6
   Kalarl Micromaiic Speed  Flash  (Low Tension Model) altached   lo the Kodak Vigilant 6-15  wiih aluminum exlension bracket.

                      [16]

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AUTOMATIC SHUTTEBS
The Special Synchronizer for the lbsor and Embezet
Automatic shutters is not to be used with the set and release
type of shutter. This synchronizer is fitted wih a Ionger
plunger rod than normal. The srnall autornatic slmtters
may require a bit filed ofr the end of this plunger rod.
(This does not apply to the srrrall autornatic sliutter on the
Argus A and AF.) To determine the proper. plurrgcr lcrrgth
to trip your shutter insert the synchronizer, with plrrrrger
released, slowly into the cable release opening. Note the
excess plunger length when the shutter trips antl filc n bit
less than that off. Attach the synchronizer agairr, with the
plunger still discharged, screwing it into the r:able rr:lease
opening of the shutter. The shurter: shoultl trip rvith a littlc
play at the finger release lever of the slmtter. ff this lcvcr
is tauto remove the synchronizer and file t llit rrror.c oll
the plunger. By filing a little at a tinrc you rvill :rr.rivc'
at th_e proper plunger length. After this has been dett:rnrirrcrl,
wind the synchronizer, attach it to the shutter antl n:lt:ase
the shutter through the synchronizer. Wind the syrrr:hrorrizr-.r
and then PUSH UP TFIB FINGBR LEVIIR ON lt'Hli
SHUTTER to set the shutter for the next exposure. Now
make an actual exposurel insert a {lash bulb in tlre larnlr
socket of the battery case. After each exposure r,vith the
synchronizer, push the finger release lever of the slrutter
rrpward to return it to 'ococked" position, alter the syn.
chronizer is wound. For those automatie shutters that have
no cable release reinforcement the No. 3 nipple or lnshing
should be permanently inserted in the threaded hol: of the
shutter before filing the plunger.

I
, FII^I\4 PACK CAMENAS
On the RBCOMAR, and similar fiIm pack and plnrc carrr.
eras on which a U standard support for the lens mount
interferes with the attachment of the synchr.onizer, the
shutter should be turned slightly in a clockwise direction
in order to allow clearance. It is also sometimes necessary
to bend the finger release of the shutter outward after the
shutter has been so turned.
[17]

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ZEISS SUPEB IKONTA B
This canrera requires the Low Tension model synchro-
nizer which attaches to the cable release socket on the
shutter as illustrated below. Where the synchronizer is
to be used often we suggest that the camera be sent toCarl Zeiss Inc. for the installation of the permanent shutter o
adapter. This adapter assures a more rigid support for the
synchronizer on the camera and is an aid to uniform opera.
cable release socket The originaltion. tends to loosen with Iconstant cause timing. faulty and may use
]

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Fig. 7-Kalari Micromatic Speed Flash atlached lo Super lkonla B.
After each exposure wind the synchronizere set the camera
in a half-closed position and press down on the shutter
release button located on top of the camera. It is not
necessary to remove the synchronizer from the shutter for
this operation, which releases the film winding lock and
permits the shutter to be reset. Otherwise the film can not
be advanced and dodble exposed negatives may result.
ROttETFtEX AND ROTTEICORD
The Standard ROLLEIFLEX
and ROLLEICORD Cameras
require a speeial Synchronizer.
As shown in the illustration this
has a longer plunger and fitting
which permits direct attachment
to the cable release opening in
the is also fitted with shutter. It o Kalart Fig. 8-Special Micro- a tension the low behind spring Flash Speedmalic for Rolleiflexand Rolleicord. plunger. fn some instances it
[18]

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may be necessary to file a small groove in the rim of the
canrera front to pernrit the synchronizer shank to screw
freely into the shutter. This Speed Flash cannot be used
on the Automatic Rolleiflex. t AUTOMATIC ROttEIFtEX
The AUTOMATIC ROLLEIFLEX uses a special model
Micrornatic Speed Flash which attaches to the cable release
1 socket on the face of the camera. Because of the automatic
conneetion between the shutter releaseiand the film winding
mechanism it may be necessary with soqre cameras to increaseI the spring tension of the synchronize". io determine whether
or not there is enough tension behind the plunger to tripL the shutter, Ioad the camera with film'and the.t ielease the
shutter with the synchronizer.
_- D_o no_t, of course, place a flashbulb into the battery case.,
If the shutter is released with the synchronizer set at the
2_nd doto then that is the proper adjustment. If the shutter
does not release then turn the adjustrllent knob down one
dot and make the test again. PresJ the,finger release button
to cheek whether the shutter tripped. After rhis test the film
may be rewound.
NATIONAT GRAFT.EX
The special synchronizer for this <iamera is fitted with
the No. 0 fitting and uses the High 'Tension spring. This
eamera cannot be synchronized at all speeds due to the
rnirror and focal plane shutter action.
To opetate: Drop the mirroro set the rvhite dot on I the shutter at "instantaneous" and the speed dot at "I". Then turn the shutter winding knob urltil you hear the first
J slight click. The shutrer is all set for the exposure which is
made by pressing the cable relea5e attached to the
synchronizer.
OTHER REFTEX CAMERAS
The lkollex II and IIl, Reflectn, and Voigtlander Superb
cameras fitted with Compur or Compur Rapid shutters
require special model synchronizers having long plungers and
fittings. These synchronizers are not interchangeable and
should be used only with those cameras for which they
have been designed.
[]el

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The Foth Fler carnera needs the special nrodel Speed
Flash having a long plunger and fitting and a High Tension
spring. For use with this camera the No. 2 or No. 30 wire
filled lamps are necessary and exposures must be made at
l,/200 sec. or faster.
A special Passive Model Speed Flash is available for use
with the Kore.IIe Rellex camera. This model differs from all
other Speed Flash outfits in appearance and its manner of
operation. I'he synchronizer attaches to the cable release
socket next to the finger release and the exposure is made IfIby pressing down on this finger release. Due to the action 1
of the focal plane shutter it is necessary to use the No. 2
or No. 30 wire filled lamps when synchronizing these cameras
and at a shutter speed of I/200 sec. or faster.
The Exakta Flashing Unit is used to synchronize the
Exakta Cunuera having phone.tip terminals on its face.
These terminals are internally wired to synchronize the
Focal Plane shutter of the camera. Use the wire filled lamp.
The Flashing Unit consists of bakelite battery case, 6 in.
reflectoro extension bracket and connecting cord.
MINIATURE lr/ay3t/a SPEED GRAPHIC
The I(alart Speed Flash can be used to synchronize
both the Compur and Focal Plane shutters of the Miniature
Speed Graphic. The LOW T'ENSION Model Micromatic
Speed Flash is recommended for use with the Compur fshutter sec. at all speeds up to l/250
For synchronization at higher shutter speeds the Bakelite I
battery case is connected to the socket of the built in focal
plane synchronizer, by means of the Graphic connecting
cord, furnished separately.
A Speed Graphic Flashing Unit is available for use
only with the focal plane shutter. This unit consists of the
Bakelite battery case, with battery, 6" chrome reflector
and connecting cord.
When synchronizing the Compur shutter, flashbulbs of all
sizes may be used. With the Focal Plane shutter, however,
only the Superflash No. 2 or 2A and the Mazda No. 30
or 3l can be used.
[20]

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)o

Speed Graphic.^Fig..9-Kalarl Micromaiic Speed Flash attached to the 2r/ax3r/a
SYNCTMONIZING THE FOCAI PI}TNE SHUTTER
The action of a focal plane shutter is such that the fiIm
is ex-posed _progressively as the shutter aperture travels across the focal plane. It is therefore necessa.y: to ,rr" a fast shutter
speed and a flashbulb having a long peak duration in order
to obtain uniform negative density.-The No. 2 Superflash
and No. 30 Mazda lamps should be used with focai plane
shutters in 'cameras lp !o and including the T/ox3t/a'size. A shutter speed of 1/200th second or faster is recomm6nded.
For Speed Graphics of larger size, see announcement on
page 32.
If negatives of uneven density are obtained it is possible
to trace the cause by comparlng the falling ofr of-density
with the curtain travel. rf the darkest portion of the negativb
is that part which is exposed first, it signifies that the sfrutter
is late and the Micromatic adjustment-knob is turned down
to correct this. If the lighter portion is at the start of the
shutter travel then -it signifies that the shutter is too early and the adjustment knob is turned upward to expose anothei.
dot.
CONT AX I AND 6/2x9cm. DEKRUIIO NETTET
The Contax I and ,6" 6r/"x9 cm. Dekrullo
Nettel cameras require a Kalart High Tension)40 m_odel synchronizer fitted with a special adapter. WI The adapter fitting eonsists of lwo pa.ts. A /A\\\/ tapered threaded screw, which screws into the

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cable release nipple and a lock nut collar for tightening the
synchronizer to ih" canrera. Before attaching to the Co-ntax I,
rl-ot" the collar bushing around the shutter release button
on the camera. Be sure to wind the synchronizer before
attaching to ctrmera and after each exposare betore nind.ing
the fiIm.
CONTAX II, Iil, AND SUPER NETTET
The Contax II, III and Super Nettel cameras re-quire a
High Tension model synchroniZer fitted with a tapered screw
fitting and tightening nut. The threaded fitting screws into
the s-ocket on the shutter release and the loch nut is turned
to tighten the synchronizer on the camera. This lock nut
has a concave groove on the upper side to provide room
for the fingers when attaching the synchronizer. Be sure to
wind the synchronizer before attaching to- camera and after
each exposure betore utiniling the fi,Irn. (See FiS. l0).

Fiq. l0-Micromalic SPeed Flash Fiq. ll-Micromafic Speed Flash aftiched to Contax ll. atiSched to Leica Camera.

TEICA
The Leica eamera requires a Kalart High Tension model
Speed Flash fitted witli a special adapter. Io- attach- the
synchronizer to this calnera, remove the collar bushing
aiound the shutter release button and fasten the synchronizerwith the Leiea adapter in its place onto the threaded release F 'Windbutton. the synchronizer before attaching to the camera
and after eaeh exposure before wind,ing the fiIm.
lrrl
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A special model ,u""JrToOI,r"u with a cable release
ext_ension and adapter sleeve is supplied for use with the
Robot Camera. An aluminum exiension bracket is also
supplied and the Micromatic Synchronizer is clipped intoI one end above the battery case.
FOTH DERBY AND SUPER FOTH
These cameras require a special synchronizer with a long
plunger and a special long fitting. Due to the action of
the-_focal.plane ghutter it is n"""irury to use the No. 2
or No. 30 wire filled lamps when syncronizing these cameras
and a shutter speed not slower than ly'200th- sec. is recom.
mended.

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Fig. l2-Kalart Micromatic Speed Fi9. l3-Kalari Micromatic Speed
Flash allached to Robot Camera. Flash attached fo Foth Derby.
ARGUS CAMERAS
The Model A, AF and A2F Argus cameras all take the
Medium Tension Model Speed Flash. With the Model A
and AF lse No. 4 fitting and the synchronizer adjustment set
No. use 4 fitting
2nd-.Iv for-theand thefourthadjustmentdot. Withshouldthe beModelset A2Far the Th; dot.
aluminum extension bracket is recommended for these
cameras to position the flashbulb above the lens.

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