Kalimar CdS 31 Exposure Meter User manual

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                                                                                            "  1l  Diffuser sphere fo incident risht HOW TO USE "KALlfflAR
    measurement                    EXPOSURE AAETER MODET CdS 3I  2l    HIGH LOW switch
  3) EV window                        1) Turn the ASA DIN setting marker until the in-
                                      dex number of the film loaded in your camera  4l ASA DIN setting marker
                                             appears in the ASA DIN index window. (Slide  5) ASA index window                                            the diffuser sphere over the light acceptance
  6) DIN index window                       for Incident Light Measurement.
 7l  F-stops                               2l Aim the meter at the subject. (for Incidennt
 8)  Light index window                         Light Measurement stand close to the subject
  e)  Shutter speeds                        and point the meter toward the camera.)
                                    3) Press the 'H'switch (high range). tf the meter10) Checking rnark for battery test
                                                                                         (low11) Low light range scale                      reading is less than 10, press .L, switch                                                             . range) and read the number indicated on the121 Zero index                                                  appropriate scale (black or red).  Serious under
13) High light range index                     or ouer exposure wiLl result, if the wrong scale is
141  Fointer                                                 read.
15) Neck strap bracket                       4l  Turn the shutter speed dial (outer dial) until
16)  F-stop dial                                   the light index number appoars in the light
17l. Shutter speed dial                 window Then you can select the desired
                                                       readi ng from the combination of shutter speeds18) Battery checker button                                   and F-stops.19) Battery compartment cap                                                   5)   lf your camera is calibrated in the EV-LV scale
                                           read the number in the EV window only.
                                                   6)  For movie, read only the F-stop corresponding
                               b the number of frames per second.

Checking Bottery
Under normal conditions the mercury battery  ( Mallory RM-625 or equivalent) supplied with the
meter has a life of 1* to 2 years. Gheck the condition of the battery from tirne to time as
follows:
Press the Battery Checker Button on the back of the case without, however, touching the HIGH
LOW switch. lf the battery is good, the pointer will rest on the B.C. I rnark. But if the poin  -
ter stops short of the B.C. mark, battery strength is insufficient to reach the correct rnasure-
ment and must be replaced. To replace the battery, turn the battery compartment cap on the
back of the case to OPEN insert a fresh cell with the plus (1f mark facing outward and check
its effectiveness as described above.
Zero Point Adiustrnenl
Occasionally your meter may need adjustment. \Mren checki ng the zero control, the battery
must be taken out of its compartment. The pointer should tfren come to rest on the zero
index line at the extreme left.  lf  it does not, unscrew the botton of the case and set the
pointer to the zero mark by turning the zero Adjustment Control Screw either clockwise or
counter-clockwise.
Ref lected light Meosuremenl
This is the usual method of measuring the light reflected from the subject.
In this case, exposure is determined not only by the intensity of illumination but also  by
the color and brightness of the subject itself. This metering method will give you   the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 :average exposure   f or the overall light. The basic procedure to be followed are

Comero Position Merhod      www.butkus.us'      1) Point the meter to the subject from the carera position.
      2) Press the 'H' button (if the needle does not reach 10 on the H scale, press tfie L button
     and read the number indicated.
      This nrethod can be used for photographing $enery. The normal scene has no excessive bright-
      ness or darkness. The meter should be held 15 to 2O feet in front of the carrtera position,
       avoiding direct lighting from the sky which is far brighter then it appears to the naked eye.
   Close-up Merhod      This method G recommended for isolated parts of a scene or for portraits. The reading should
      be taken very close to the subject (about one foot). For good contrast, it is preferable to cal-
       culate the exposure by using the measurements for both the light and the shadow areas.I                 Example     lighter portion   1 5    15 + 7   : 11                                     shadowy portion '-- 7          2 )                                                                                                                            *     Thus the proper exposure would be 11. In practice, however, with black and white film better
        results will be achieved  if proper care is taken of the details of darker areas because of  the
       film tendency. Consequently,  it is advisable to watch the dark areas and expose more rather
        tfian too little.
   Subsritute Method      You will often encounter subjects wttich are  physically impossible to approach   subjects
       across a river, animals in a cage, etc. -      1) Choose a suitable substitute around you,  approximating the color and brightness of  the
        subject.
      2) Take a close-up measurement of the substitute paralle 1 to the imaginary line between the
          subject and the camera.
       In the event you cannot find a substitute nearby, your hand may serve the purpose.

meqsurement          light !ncidentThis method is used                   to measure                                  only the light falling on a subject and is also useful when it
 is difficult to obtain an accurate rpasurernent of reflected light. The exposure is determined by
 the average intensity of the light and has no bearing on the color or brightness of the subject
  itself   .
 1) Slide diffuser over the CdS window.
 2) Point the meter to the carEra position wtrile standing by the subject.
 Incident light measurement is more reliable for movies, indoor photography, copy work, studio
 and for any contrasty scenes which are intensely bright and dark areas.
Advonce meosurement
 You will come acrossi various situations in wlrich normal measurements are impossible to take,,
 In such a case it is advisable to set the exposure of your camera by taking advance
 measurements from the subject or a substitute. Of course, either the reflected light or incident
 light measurem€nt as already described rnay de used.
Color  f ilms
 When using color film, the most accurate exposure is required because the sensitivity latitude
 of color film is much less than that of black and white iilm.
 There are two serious difficulties in using color film: one is the small latitude and the other is
that under different light conditions pictures of the sanre will appear in different tones.
The reason for this is that color conditions depend on the cotor temperature of the illumination.
 ln general, blue light shows high color temperature while red light shovvs low temperature.
Color negatives can be adjusted to reproduce the true colors by using correcting filters intte  printing.

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On the other hand, reversal color film is more critical, Deviations from the correct exposure
will result in transparencies that cannot be adjusted when used as color slides.
Do not mix daylight and artificial light. The additition of artifical light brings about color
distortion that cannot be corrected. For beautiful pictures,avoid contrasty scenes. The diffe-
rence between the readings for dark and light should not exceed 2 stops at the most.



Mointenonce
The Model CdS 31 meter is a high precision instrument and should be handled with care.
Avoid shock and extreme moisture to prolong the life of your meter.
No other maintenance is needed save an occational battery replacement and Zero point ad-
justment. These are described on page 2 to enable you to check the proper functioning of your
meter. This Kalimar meter has been manufactured with extreme care. lt has undergone strict
inspections at our factory as well as those stipulated by the J.C.l.l. (Japan Camera Inspection
Institute). However,  if  it should fai I to operate satisfactorily,please   f orward it to any franchised
dealer or to our factory together with the reference number inscribed on the inner case of the
meter movement.