Keystone K-160 movie projector User manual

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     CAND   ANII
     OPENATION

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 IIEYSTOITD
 PROJDCTON

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KEYSTONE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
I51 HALLET ST., BOSTON 21, MASS., U.S.A.

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        forr.ord

  You will enjoy the satisfaction and pleasuro oI boing
 able to produce lifo like picturer upon tle acreen, of
 people and scencE which are familiar' This instruction
book is intended to guide and help you to opersto your
projector.

  Standard equipment consists 6f one empty 4IX) foot
frlm reel, a 2" projection lens and a ?50 watt lamp paclcod
with the projector.

  The motor on this projector operates only on 110'120
volto alternating or direct current' If you do not Lnow the
line voltage we sugg€Et that you aek your local electrio
ervice company. If the voltage of the lamp is less than the
line voltage the life of the lamp will be much shortor.
  The oporation of rhie projector is vcry simple, but
untess tleee instructions are accurately followd thero
will be danger of injuring both tho machine and your film.

Explanation of eome of the parts on the opposite page.

  Sprocket-Upper Rollers              Cuides film over eDrocket.         and Lower
  Prcroure Plate                Hblds film steady rt aperture.
  Aperture Plate                Contains aperture and film track.
  Framer Lavor                 Adjuets the picture on tho gcreen,
  Presgure Plate Tension Knob Releaees tension on Pressure Plate.
 Hand Setting Kriob            Nloves film a frame at a time,
  Pressure Plate Lever         Opens Pressure Plate to insert film.
  Still Picture Lever            Allows projection of a single frama
  Tilting Knob                 Permits angle projection,
  Sprocket                    Feeds film to pull down and rewind.
  Pilot Light                    Lisht to thread fiLn in dark room.
  Master Switch               Turns on current to motor and lamp.
 Rewind Operating Lever      Engagee mechanism to operato rewind.
 Revereing Switch              Reverses motor.
 Speed Control Knob           Controls the speed.
 Supply Reel                 Holds the film to be projected.
 Take.up Reel                Takes up the film after projection.





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                     Installing [,amp
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      .i
    The lamp ic packed in an individual cartotr. Remove and uupack
carefully. To install the lamp, remove tbe lamphouse, which is held
by a lamphouee serew, Fig. 1; insert inlo eocket, place the lamp eo
that the narrow lug on the baee fits into the narrow slot in socket atrd
the wide lug into the wide elot as in Fig. 2. Then preu thc lamp down
rnd turn right until it loclr.
      If tho lamp rhould lot produce a clear even rcreen, it ir poraible
that tbo lamp ir not. properly seated in thc gocket. Thcm lr a elight
variation in thc lamp filaments which might caute an uneyco rcrcan.





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This can be corrocted by untoorening the scrervs under thc lamp houeing
and moving thc eocket olightly. Tighten the lcrews when an even
illuminaed ccr€Gn hae becn obtained.
    The lamphouso ghould be in place before turning on the current
and it should not be reonoveil while the lamp is on. The intence raye
from the lamp may cauae eye rtrain,                                                                                 I
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                     Operation
   To obtain the maximum brilliancy on the rcreen, the room chould
be as dark as poesible.
   The projector should be operateil from a fum table or rtand in
front of a acroen,
    The size of tbe projected  field on the screen is regulated by varying
the dietance between the projector and ecreen.
   The lamp cord ic wound on an automatic reel ineiilb the base'
Pull the plugio unwind the cord, when sufrcient cord has been drawn'
allow the reJl to tum back elowly until the Etop engages' The cord will
rewind on the reel if pulled slightly and releared.





                                       Ftg. 5
              the cord into an outlet lights the pilot lamp; thir light
may"Pluggingbe eliclded,  if deeired, by rotating-the dome top' Moving tho martcr
.rnit"h to the mid position operates the motor, moving tho switoh all
the way to the right turnE on the lamp rvhile the motor ig running'
    The speed of tho projector depends upon the voltage of tho line'
Ag this varies in different localitiea, a rheostat is uscd to regulrt€ the
voltage operating the motor. Turning the epeo{ control-knob *"}:i*
will i-ncreas€ the epeed and cgunter clockwis€ decrease the speed' Whcn
the projector is in operation the knob should be eet for normal lpced'
Thii can be determined by speeding up the projector to a point juet
beyond rshere the light flicker, on the ecreon, atope. At normal speed
the ventilation is sufficient to Protect the lamp, while a lower cpeeil
reducee the ventilation' The lamp cannot be turned on when the motor
ie not running.

Tbo reversing switch, Fig. 4, ihould be in the forwerd pooition
except when it ig deeired to run the film in reverse lor speoial effects.
      If the picture is too high or too low on the ecreen, pivot the projec.
tor up or down by turning the tilting knob Fig. l.
   A framer lever, Fig, I, is provided, Filrn when aged ehrinke slightly
end adjuetsnent can be made by moving lever up or down,
    Turning tle projection lens, Fig. 1, to tho right or lcft, as neccerary,
bringc the picture on the screon in o sharp, clear focur. The lens wln
romairr whcre set,
     Reversiblo film hd; the enulrlon on the eide !e8rc!t the projection
Ieag while duplicates from originale or prints from negativee oftcn
uced lor titles, has the emuleion on the opposite cidb, When tho projec.
tor is showing both on one reel a slight adjuetment of the lenr may be
nocessary to focuc the picture or title.
   A coltinuoug flow of air is oeceroary to carry ofi ttre axccge hcrL
Whcn tbe lanp is bqrning it generatee ru6cient heat to melt or expand
thc glass buh, unlese properly ventilated by forced ilraft.



               Threadlng the Film
    Reels mugt be STRAIGHT and RUN TRUE. Bcnt reole causb thc
film to bind and jam, interrupting tho oporation of thc projector. Thcy
ehould not be put on or removcd from the reel ghsft while the lamp ie
on ag the jar may broak the filament of the lamp,
    Before threading thc projcctor with film, looug thc projootion lonr
on the gcteen by moving the lenr backward or forward  8.r, tlec€rs8ry;
this wil give an approximate focuc. When the film har beon threaded,
a dight adjustnent will be necesaary for accurato focur.
     Plece the reel of film on the upper reel rhaft ar rhown in Fig. l,
ro that the filln drawe from tle top of the reol with the round hole
toward tho outeide with the pictures upside down. Push tlo reel fully
on the chaft ao that the rpring ball engages tle reel to prevent it from
elipping ofr.
    Unwind about two fs61 sf Gtn {or threa,ling purpolcr.

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      Inrcrt the fi[n by rliding it betwoen the two upper rproc,Let rolbn
ud the upper part of sprocket ae ehown ln Fig. 6. Be sure that the flm
perforations engage with the teeth on the eproclet.





                           fu.6


    Opel, the pre$ure plate by pressing preEEure plate lever. Slidc
the frlm into the film track with an upper film loop ar Ehown in Fig. 6.
Be sure that thc 6lm ie puahed all the way in, eo that none of it projecr
beyond the edge of the gate. TURN THE HAND-SETTING KNOB
clockwise until you are 5ur6 that ttro claw is feeding the fiLn satirfac.
torily,
     Slide the fikn edgewoyr.bctwecn the lowor rprocket roll€'rr snd
the lower side of the rprocket leaving a lower film loop as shown  irr
fis. 6.
   The upper and lower 6lm loopr arc ol very greet importsno.
They provide elack in the fiLn between continuously moving sproctets
and the intermittently moving pull.down claw, preventing tearing oI
the frlm perforationr. The correct sizee for the film loope are outlined
on the main body caeting.
                                  lt

-      frr,

    Push the empty takeup reel into position on the lower reel ghaft;
see that t}e spring ball on the ehaft fully engsges the rcel to Prevent
it alipping off. , . "
     Ineert the end of the fitm in the elot of the reel hub and wind up
rhe slack film by rotating the lower reel in a clockwige direction'
    The rewind operating lever ehould be raised to the normal running
position, allowing the film to unwind off the upper roel and takeup
on the lowor recl.

                Special Inetructione
    The'frlm mutt bo seated in the track of the aperture and the pros'
sure plate must rest flat on the film when the film gate ia cloaoil.
    *fore turning on the current, turn the hand'setting knob clock'
wise by hand until the claw engages the porforationr  anil f,eeils the fiLn
through, without loriug either loop.

           Stopping For Still Proieotlon
    The 6ln may be stopped on any deeirod picture by puehing the
Still Picture Lever toward the mntor disengaging tbe drive pulloy from
the motor, If thc picture doee not spPear on tho ecreen,  it will indicate
that the blade o{ ihe shutter ie in lront of thc contleneer, turn tLc hand
                                                                 paar setting knob Fig. I until the ehutter opens permitting ligh to
 through the lens.

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    Thir projector ir equippcd with a safety ahutter which remailr
upen while tho machine ie in operation. When tho film ig 66tpcd th.
ehutler drops down intercepting the beam of light. Tbe rafcty rbutter
is perforated, allowing only sufrciont light to pau through for project-
ing a picture. Still picture projection will necesrarily be much darler
on thc gcreen than pictures in motion. Any more light would carry
enough heat to caus€ the film to blicter or warp. It may bleo bo necearary
to refocus tho lenr slightly.

           Revereing the Fibn Movement
   Meny amuring efreetc can bo obtained by rworeing tho fiLn move-
ment Thig ie done by preering the rovoreing rwitch, Fig. 4, to iho poai.
tion markeil "reverge" on the rheoetat houring. Tho film will changc
ita ilirection of movement imrnediately efter the reverring lwitch is
preered.

                  f,ewiodt.ng the Film
    After the fiIn has been projected, the light srvitch locstod on tle
bab ehould be turned ofr to protect the lamp.
   i Th" 6Lo should b€ rewound back on the original recl ready for
the next rhowing. Reversible film should be wound with tbe ernulaion
or dult sidc on the outside of the reel. Duplicater from originalr or
printe from negatives rhould be wound with the shiny ride on thc outlido.

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    To bo propcrly poeitioned lor projection, the objcct in thc picturc
muet travol upside dorun thr,ouSh thc projector.
   To rowind, cnrgage thc end of tle GLm to the rupply rcel ilirocdy
from tate-up reel without paring the 6lm through tlc cproctet anil
filn gate.
    Prers thc rcwind oporatingJever down a the rarinding porition
allowing the filn to unwind off the lower rcol and rewind on the rupply
recl. Thc reversing rwirch must be in the rtwind or forward porition.
Start the motor with the Master Switch. 'lhc apeed of tho rewinil cou
bc controlled with tho'spced Control Knob. It ir reco--miled not to
burn the lanp during &e rewinding opcration.
   When the film hris .been rewound, the magter gwitch rhould bc
turned ofr end.the rewind operating lever raised to the normal running
po.ition.
                Otffng the ProJector
  All movirg parte..rhould be oileil occpeiondly with a high gradc
watch oil or Koyitonc projeaion oil. A few dropr at cach point ir rufi'
cient. When too much oil ir applied it very ofton machec tlrc film afrcct'
ing the qudity of the picture on tho gcreen.
    Tbero are aix oiling pointr on the lrane chown ilr Fig, 9 whicb arc
painted red. One is in thc bearing bohind the sproe,Lcg one above thc





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hend sctting knob, two oil piper above the 6nger cover aad ono oil hole
over each of the reel shaft bearing in the upper and lower arm.
    Thers are aleo two oiling points under the upper belt cover. Tbc
rewind pulley and the coil spring on the upper reel ehaft ehould each
have one or two drolx of oil. Seo Fig. 11,
    When t}re projector is in frequent uae oiling should bo dbnc sftcl
about 10 hours of running. Otherwise every month or two will be lu6'
eicnt.
    The motor ir oquipped witb epecial boaring, which do not requiro
eiling.
              Care of the Projector
     Occaaionally the film aperture ehould be cleanod by removing tho
lens from ite carrier and inserting the aperture brush, suppliod with tho
projector, through the opcning. Carefully brush all cornerr anil edgcr
of the aperture to remove dust, which causes dark, fuzzy edges on thc
projected pictures.
    Each time the projector ir ured, it is neceesary to first clcrn thc
tracke of the aperture plate and pressure plate which guide the fil- ar
it passes the lens, To remove the pressure plate pull preseure pl'ate
teneion knob, Fig. 1, and elide the 6Ln gate out sidewayr. Cleaa the
tracks of the gate, also the film channel with a slightly moirtcneil, clean
cloth.
     Particles of dirt or film emuleion may oauEo a ecratch o! your
valuable  filrne.
    The projection lens must be kept clean and free from dirt and oil.
Dirt on the lensee will cause the picture on the screen to appear cloudy
or flat. With a soft, clean lintleee cloth carefully wipe the two lene sur-
faces. Do not try to take ke lens apart. Owarionally it ic neceaeary to
clean the light mirror. To do this, removs the one screw ilirecdy bchind
the aperture hole. Do not tnoisten the cloth uteil lor chaning lznses,
    \0hen the projector is not in use' a narrow strip of clean peper
should be inserted in the film track behind the apelture of the filn
gate, to prevent dust collecting on tho mirror.
              Replaclng Motor Belt
    Vhen thc motor belt, Fig. 10, breaks, rernove the lamphourc wbich
ie held by the lamp screw, Fig, I' Remove the lamp and take ofi the lamp
shield which is held by two screws at the base. Place the new belt on thc
rheave in front of the ehutter.
                               t5

.  The bottom loop of the belt ie then slipped over the pulley on the
motor. Turn tho hand-sctting knob Fig. I to eco if the belt ie propcrly

            Replacing Reel Shaft Belr





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                                                                                                                                                         I
    '  There are two belte under the upper belt cover; the rewind belt and
 the take-up belt. Under the lower belt cover is a take-up belt.
    These can be replaced by unscrewing tle cover screwg ehown in
 Fig, 4 and removing the belt cover. The rewind oPer8ting lever mugt
be in the rewind position to remove the upper belt cover. To replaco
 the take-up belta yust push the end of a new belt into the belt opening
 until  it comes out again and hook the ends together placing the belt over
 thc pulley ag shown in Fig. ll.
    New belts may be eecured from the Keyetone Manulacturing Com'
Pany.

                Replaclng the Lamp
    lho lamp furaished with this projector is a T12 meclium prelocur
baee, ?50 watt, 1I5 volt and can be purchased where you secured the
machine or from the Keystone Mfg. Co' This lamp should be used only
on voltages lrom 110 to 115. Do not use on any higher voltages or lamp
will burn out, You should obtain a lamp with a voltage the game as
your circuit.
    The average lile of this lamp is from lB to 30 boure if used on
rated lamp voltage.
      It is recommended that correct house voltage be determined and
make certain your lamp is of same voltage. I{ 115 volt lamp ie used
on a 120 volt line the life of lamp will be shortened €onsiderably.
    Never attempt to change a lamp rvith the current on. Lamps are
required to burn with the baee down and the machine ehould not bc
turned upside down or laid on its side while ,the lamp ie on. It is also
very impotant to turn ofi the current when removing or attashing
reels, or when threading film. The filament wires of these lamps 6re very
sensitive when hot, and a sudden jar is sometimes sufficien to break the
filament.
                Care of the Film
    The pictures on a motion picture film are so small and are magni'
fied go enormouely on projection that great care must be exercised at
all. times to prevent scratchee or other markings from damaging the
frlm, because all such markings are very noticeable on the screen. It ic
impossible to remove these ddfects once they are formed.

Scratches are generally caured by carclcc! rewinding of tho film,
 from "cinching"  it tightly on thc rcel, or from a dirty film gata
      Slac! fibn ehould b€ taken up by reuiniling $g f,ln onto another
 rel slouly, and then winding with an even tengion enil uniform spocd
 back onto tle first recl. Never try to tske up elack by holding a reel in
 onc hand and pulling the ond of the film with the other, or vcry bad
 "cinch" markg will bo produced.
    Thc 6lm, il kept whorc the air ic vcry dry, har a tenilcncy to b+
 come brittlo. It ir advieable, thercfore, to ltorc it in r cool plaoe whcro
 the air ir fairly noiet Never loave it for any longth of timc ncar a
 radiator or hot air pipe. If by chance 8ny of your f,lne do becomc
 brittle, place the reel iir g covered can in which you havo put a mofut
 eponge. Leave the film in the can for twenty.four hours and its flexibility
 will be reetored. Care should be taken that no water comer in contact
 with the filn.
    Kodachromc filn ghould alwaye be kept dry and cool.
    The begt and.mo* convenient way to keep films in good condition
 is to etore them in Keyatone Film Cans.
     A-lmost all reele are made up of diffcrcnt scenee, aplicod and
cementad together. Thec€ gometimes come apart or the film breaks
 either becauge it har become old or brittle or incorrecdy threaded in
 projector.
      If a break occurr during projection, the picturo may be continucd
 by firat tlrreading tho broken end through thc machino and tucking thc
end under the {orward end of the break for two or ttrree turns of thc
take-up reel and then allowing both ends to wind up togethor,
     Latcr the broken ends ehould b€ carefully spliced togettrcr. In aplic.
ing, cut one end of fikn on the frame line of a picture. Cut tho other end
lg" outeide the framo line ro that when the ende are joinod, one will
lap Ya" over the other. Sligbtly wet the emulsion on the |,$/' lap and
scrape it ofr with a eharp knife, Apply fiLn cement and preoe tho endr
together, matching the sprocket holes pcrfectly. Hold the filrn tightb
together with fingere for about one minute. The rplicing operation can
be very much simplified by the use of the Keyotone Splicer. See accce.
sorior cataloguo.
     All 16 mm. film on the market ia now made non-infammablc and
is entirely safe from rll fire hazard.

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            Cauee of Poor Operation
LOSS OF LOWER FILM LOOP COULD BE CAUSED BY:
     Teeth oI sprocket not engaging filrn perforatione.
     Filrn not fitted properly in the track oI the film gate.
    Claw not engaging filrn perforations.
    Broken or torn film perforations.
    Film shrunk or rvarped,
    Take-up belt too short or too tight.
     Improperly made eplice.
    Tension too weak on film gate plunger.

IMPROPER TEEDII{G DUE TO SPLICE CAUSED BY:
    Too much film cement being used.
    Fibn too thick due to roughening the surface,
     Side edge of film overlapping.
     Sprocket holes not in line or evenly spaced.
    Wrinkling at eplice.

UNEVEN ILLUMINATION ON SCREEN:
    Filament of lamp not centered in front oI the operture.
     Reflector not properly centered to reflect liglrt into tho apcrturc.
     Dirty lens or dirty film, dirty rcflector, dirty mirror.

AICKERING OF PICTURE ON SCREEN CAUSED BY:
    Camera not being held steady when the picture wae taken.
     Projector operating too slowly,
    Motor belt slipping.
   Low voltage,
    Lack of oil.

PICTURE ON[,Y PARTLY IN FOCUS ON SCREEN CAUSED BY:
    Loose glass in projection lene.
    Film not properly seated in thc F*.
    Film gate bent.
    Waroed film.
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