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Kodak Autographic 3A Special User manual
User manual for Kodak Autographic 3A Special. 60 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Brand
- Kodak
- Model / document
- Kodak Autographic 3A Special
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 60
- File size
- 3.9 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 5 · Read text
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Order Film
By Number
All Kodak Films may be rlistinguishedby the
numbers on the ends of the cartons.
L-L22 is the number of the filnr for this camera
(No. 3A Autograpl-ricKodak Special). The num-
ber appearson the carton, on the cartridge, and
on the Autographic door which is locateclon the
back of the Kodak.
Autographic film can be used in old style
Kodaks, old style film can be used in Autographic
Kodaks, but to get autograpkic results, Autographic
film must be used in an Autographic Kodak. *,_
IMPORTANT.
When Autographing film, bear down with
the stylus as heavily as the paper will stand without tearing. lJ
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Picture taking with the
.t
FIG. II.
Pulling Out a Spool Pin.
I To load the Kodak, take a position where the
daylight is somewhat subdued, and grasping the camera
with the left hand remove the back by pressing in simul-
taneously with the thumb and the second finger of the
right hand as indicated in Fig. I.
2. The Kodak having been opened, an empty spool
having a slit in it will be found in the winding end of the
camera. This forms the reel on which the film is wound
after exposure. The full spool is to be placed in the recess
at the opposite end of the Kodak. To accomplish this pull
out spool pins as shown in Fig. II.
FIG. III.
Inserting the Cartridge.View original page 9Page 10 · Read text
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No. 3.A'Autographic Kodak Special
3. Drop the film cartridge into this recess, as shown
in Fig. IIi. Be careful to get the top of the spool at the
tof of the camera. The top is the winding side of the
camera. Each cartridge is marked with the word ,,Top,,,
on the red paper near the top of the spool.
Norr-ff the cartridge is inserted wrong end up, the red paper-
instead of the film will be brought next to the lens, resulting, of
course, in the absolute loss of the pictures.
4. Push spool pins into place, making sure that the
pins are in the holes at each end of the spool, so that spool
revolves upon them
5. Remove the gummed slip that holds the end of
the red paper; pass the paper o116, the two aluminum
rollers and thread into the slit in reel, as shown in Fig.
IV. Be careful in so doing that the paper draws straight
and true.
To secure a tight grip on the red paper, do not un-
fold the end, but thread it into the slit in reel with the
paper creased. By doing this the red paper will not be
liable to slip.
:#3
I
. :.1€.i\gi.;rr;r
FIG. IV.
Threading up the P-ed Paper.View original page 10Page 11 · Read text
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Picture taking with the __
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="-;:
FIG. V.
Turning the Key to bind paper on reel.
6. Give the key one or two slight turns-just enough
to bind the paper on the reel--and no more. See Fig. V.
The paper should now be
in position indicated in Fig.
VI.
7. Replace the back on
FIG' VI' Kodak, being careful to
put lt on rlgnt stde up (tne/ ,j Showing position ofpaper.
wide catch at the top), and snapping the springs at the top
and bottom fully into place. Care should always be taken
to handle the back of Kodak carefully, especially when it is
detached from camera, as even a slight bend would make
it fit badly, resulting very probably in a leakage of light
and consequent loss of film.
Throughout the f oregoiug operotion, f rom the tirne the
gwmrn,ed,slip i,s ntt o'u the fresh roll of film ctntil the bacle
is once more in place, keep the red papcr zuoltnd tightlyI
on the roll. If it is allozued to loosen,light zuill be adm,itted
and, th,e film f ogged,.I
1.,
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No. 3^A.Autographic Kodak Special
8. The roll of film in the camera is covered with red
paper and this must be partly reeled off before a picture
can be taken. Turn the key slowly to the left and watch
the little red windorv at the back of the camera. When 15
to 18 turns have been given, a hand pointing toward the
first numtrer will appear, then turn slowly until the.figure 1
is exactly in the center of the red window
The film is now in position for taking the first picture.
Press in the winding key slightly when turning it, so as
to make sure that the web on the key stays within the slot
in the top of spool.
Load your Kodak with Kodak Film.
Look for this Trade Mark on the box:
ilr EASTMAN
"Il it isn't Eastrnan,
it isn't l(odak FiIm"View original page 12Page 13 · Read text
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Picture taking with the
Loading lvith Plates. ""
l. If using glass plates the plate holders must be
loaded in a dark-room-that is, a room from which all
white light has been excluded. The only light permissible is a dark ruby light, such as can be obtained from a prop- j
erly constructed dark-room lamp.
2. Provide also
No. 3A Autographic Kodak Special CombinationBack. *{
No. 3A AutographicKodak Special Plate Holders.
1 dozen Seed Dry Plates,3% x5%.
' Kodak Dark-room Lamp.
A shelf or table on which to work.
3. Light the lamp and place it upon the table.
'Remove 4. the dark-slides from the plate holders.
5. Open the box of plates by running a thin knife
blade around the edge of the box.
6. Take out one of the plates and place it in the
holder, face up. (The face is the dull side') Brush
gently over the face of the plate with a camel's hair
brush to remove dust.
7." Replace the dark-slide in the holder, with the
side of handle marked "Exposed", inside.
8. Repeat the operation until all the plate holders
have been filled, then close up the remaining plates in
the box, wrap up securely and put them away in a dark
drawer.
The remaining operationsmay be performed in davlight.
9. Remove the back from the camera as before de-
scribed. (See page 6.)
Notp-There must, of course, be no film in the Kodak when
opening it for use with plates.
10. Remove the back of the adapter by pressing
down on the inside spring catch and slide the back out.
Then insert ground glass panel for focusing, treing sure
that the side marked "This side facing lens" or the rough
or ground side of the glass, faces the 1ens. Snap the Com-
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No. 3A Autographic Kodak Special
bination Back into place, taking care that the springs at
each side engage with the catches and that the back is
right side up, i. e., the plate holder should draw from the
end towards the Kodak handle.
11. F'ocus cafefully with the largest stop (f.6.3)
in the lens, and when the lines show sharp and true, close
the shutter, remove the ground glass, pressing down on
catch at the bottom to remove it, and insert one of the plate
holders.
When using glass plates the Kodak Range Finder or
the regular index plate may be used for focusing, by using
the small metal attachment found on the Combination Back,
and then follow closely the instructions included with the
Combination Back.
12. Pull out the dark-slide. The plate is now in
position for making the first picture, and the exposure
should be made the same as for films. After making the
exposure re-insert the dark-slide in platb holder, with the
side of handle marked "Exposed", outside. In this way
there will be no doubt in determining which are the ex-
posed plates. Remove the plate holder from the camera
by means of leather lug, pressing back slightly on the plate
holder to start it.
"4nffie
Showing Combination Back in Place.F
1 1
""a **ri&i.View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
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G'
Picture taking with the
, 4
PART II.
Making the Exposures. _J,
i
D EFORE making an exposure with the No. 3A' Auto-
D graphic Kodak Special,either time or instantaneous,be
sure of five things:
First-That the shutter is acljusteclproperly, for instan- ' taneous, time or "bulb" exposure.
Second-That the diaphragm lever is placed at the "I proper stop opening.
Third-That the shutter is properly set, using lever E.
Fourth-That the camera is focused.
Fifth-Th at an unexposed s.ectionoi it . film is turned
into position. (Or a fresh plate is ready for exposure.)
Notn-Exposures are made by pressing push-pin at end o'f
cable release "D" or pushing down on release "C".
Avoid making too sharp a bend in the cable release, as
by doing so it will be liable to kink.
Operating the Shutter.
Perfect familiarity with the shutter is essential to suc-
cessful picture taking with any camera. The following
directions, should, therefore, be carefully read and the
shutter operated several times before threading the film
up for use.
12
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No. 3^4,Autographic Kodak Special
Instantaneousand Retarded Exposures.
First-Revolve disc until the indicator A is over the
figure representing the time of instantaneous or re-
tarded exposure you desire to make. ,
Norn-The shutter is graduated in fractional parts of a second,
thus: 7, rf, L-5,7-25, I-50, 1-100, 1-200 and 1-300 parts of a sbcond.
For-ill-ordinary instantaneous exposures, when the sun shines,
use stop 1.11'instantanebusand speed 25.
For exposures, when the sunlight is unFsually
strong and there are no heavy shadows,,such as in views at the sea-
shorJor- on the water, use shutter speed 50 and stop f.16.
Wlttt light clouds'or slightly sm-okv atmosphere, use 1.8 or f.6.8 f
and- speed 25.
A" a general rule, the speeds of 200 or 300 should be used only
when maklng snapshots of mbving objects in bright sunlight and stop
1.6.3'' -Witttshould be employed for all such pictures.
heavy clolds, do not attempt instantaneous exposures' See
page 42.
Second-Push up lever E to its limit of motion and let
go, this sets the shwtter.
Third-Set lever B controlling diaphragm openings at
proper point, according to the time of exPosure and
iubject.- See instructions for use of diaphragms,
page 42.
Fourth-Press push-pin at' end of cable release D or
press down''on the releaseC. This m,akesthe erposure.
No'rE-Press push-pin with a firm, quick movement, at the same
time be sure to hold the Kodak rigid, as a slight jarring will cause
a blurred negative.
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,
Picture taking with the
Time Exposures, .-=
First-Revolve disc until the indicatcr A is cver the
point T. I
Second-Set lever B at f .6.3, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32 or 45, { according to time o.f exposure and nature of the
subject. See instructions f or the use of the stops; t
page 42, also table for making Interior Time Expo- II
sures, page 40, and the table for Time Exposures 'in I,{
the Open Air, page 42.
Third-Push up lever E to its limit of motion and let
So, this sets the skwtter.
Fourth-Press push-pin at end of cable release D.
This opbns the shwtter. Time the exposureby a watch.
Again press the push-pin. This closes the shutter.
Shutter may be openedby pressing release C and closecl
by a second pressure, if desired,but great care should
be taken not to iar the camera.
Bulb Exposures.
For short time exposures,the "bulb exposure" is often
advantageous.
First-Revolve disc until the indicator A is over the
point B.
Second-Set the lever B at f.6.3,8, 11, 16,22,32 or 45,
as desired. See instructions for the use of the stops,
page 42, aTsotable for making Interior Time Expo-
sures, page 40, and the table for Time Exposures in
the Open Air, page 42. {I
Third-Push up lever E to its limit of motion and let
go, this sets the shutter,
Fourth-Press push-pin at end of cable release D, or
press release C to open the shutter and release it to 'fhis, close the shutter. makes the erposnre. The shut-
ter will remain open as long as the push-pin or release
C is under pressure.
L4
l
,
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No. 34' Autographic Kodak Special
Important.
Do not oil any part of the shutter.
fn case of accident, return shutter to your dealer or to
us for repairs. As a general rule, make exposureswith the
cable release instead of release C. as the cable release is
less liable to jar the camera.
The Lens.
The No. 3A Autographic Kodak Special is equipped
with a Kodak Anastigmat Lens, the speed of which is
indicated as f.6.3, meaning that it will cut sharp to the
corners at 7/6.3 of its focal length.
Get Acquainted with your Lens.
The user of any lens should familiarize himself with
its limitations as well as with its capabilities. This is
particularly true in the case of the Anastigmats, and we
therefore ask that those who are not entirely familiar with
photographic optics read the following brief explanation,
that they may get the full benefit of the power of their
lens and that, on the other hand, they do not ask of it
the impossible. It should be borne in mind, however, that
what we have to say here is applicable only to lenses of
* fronr, 5 to 8 t-4 inch focus, such as are supplied on our
hand cameras. These directions make no pretension to
covering the entire field of photogra'phicoptics.
fn comparing the work of one lens with another, you
must, first of all, remember that such comparisons must
be made with a stop opening of the same relative size (f .
value). In comparing the Anastigmat with the ordinary
Rapid Rectilinear lens, do not expect as great depth of
focus with your Anastigmat set at an opening of 1.6.3 as .
your R. R. lens gives at its largest opening, /.8. The
Anastigmat at 1.8 will give as great depth o.f focus as will
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Picture taking with the
an R. R. of the same focal length with the same opening,
while on the other hand, the R. R. will not work at all at
f .6.3.
Norr-ft should be borne in mind that the shorter the length
of focus, the greater the depth of focus. This explains why very
small cameras can have a "fixed focus" (immovable), while larger
cameras are all made so that they can be focused'
What Depth of Focus Means.
' Suppose now, that you are using your Anastigmat at
the full opening f.6.3 and have set the focus at 15 feet.
An object 15 feet distant will be absolutely sharp, but
objects 72 and 18 feet distant will not be. Stop your
Anastigmat down to 1.11 and those objects each side of
the exact point of focus will increase in sharpness. Go
further and use stop f.45 and everything from a'bout 8
feet to about l\2 leet will be sharp. It will thus be seen
that the smaller the stop, the greater the depth of focus,
i. e., the greater the power of the lens to sharply define, at
the same time objects nearer the camera and further from
the camera than the principal object in the picture, which,
of course,is the object focusedupon. But it is obviousthat
with the small stops the exposure must be correspondingly
lengthened.
The table on the following page will be a help in deter-
mining 'the range of critical definition or depth of focus,
when the No. 3A Autographic Kodak Speciol is focused
with different stoPs.
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Picture taking with the
Anastigmat Speed.
Using stop 1.8 or smaller, the advantage of the Anastig-
mat over the really excellent Rapid Rectilinear lenses
furnished with our cameras is not marked, but there is an
improvement in definition and in the correctness of lines.
But let us suppose that we desire to photograph a rapidly
moving object, or to take a picture on a cloudy day. What
do we find? The l. value of a lens denotes the relation
of the opening in that lens to its focal length. Suppose,
then, that we have a Single (Meniscus Achromatic) lens
of S-inch focus, speed f .14, a Rapid Rectilinear lens of
S-inch focus, speed 1.8, and an Anastigmat lens, speed /.6.3,
of the same length of focus, 5 inches. How do they com-
pare in speed? To reduce this to its simplest terms we
will divide the focal length (5 inches) in each case by the
f. value:
5 +- 14- .357
5 . 8 - . 6 2 5
5 . 6 . 3 - . 7 9 3
It will thus be seenthat in using the Single (Meniscus
Achromatic) lens the largest opening is r-"ou# of an inch
in diameter, with the R. R. lens ,oddoof an inch, and with
the Anastigmat :tueo%of an inch. The amount of light
admitted'by a lens in a given time depends, of course, Llpon
in the area of at being used the opening that time that , lens. The amount admitted in of light a given time with
these different lenses would, therefore, be in direct pro- I
portion to the square of their diameters. Ifere, then,
omitting the fractions, is the result :
Single Lens .357x.357-.127 R. R. Lens .625X.625-.390 I
, Anastigmat Lens .793X .793- .628
We thus find that the speedof the R. R. lens is over three
times that of the single lens, and the speedof the Anastig-
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'*b
No. 3A Autographic Kodak Special
mat is 61% greater than the speed of the R. R. lens.
Therein lies the greatest Anastigmat advantage. But sim-
ply becauseit has this speed,you don't always need to use
it. The speedmust be used with discretion,just as greater
care is required in operating ari automobile than in oper-t: ating a bicycle.
Under conditions that would give you good results with
an R. R. lens at f.11, use stop f.11 with your Anastig-JI mat-don't use the largest opening for every occasion;use
it only for emergency. Your greatest Anastigmat aclvan-
tage lies in the fact that when the light is so poor that you
cannot get a properly timed negative with your R. R. lens
at its greatest opening, f.8, without resorting to a time ex-
posure, you can open up your Anastigmat to its full open-
ing and get a successfulsnapshot.
For the same reason, i. e., becausethe Anastigmat ad-
mits more light in a given time than does the R. R. lens, it
is used in connection with high speed shutters for photo-
graphing rapidly moving objects. Even in bright sunlight
i the R. R. lens will not give sufficient illumination to make
i II its use practical with the extremely high speed shutters
II when worked at their shortest exposures-but the Anastig-
tI I mat, by reason of the large opening that can be used,
I enablesyou to take advantage of the high speedshutter.
r
Ir Shutter Speed and Lens Speed.
Strange as it may seem,there are some amateurswho do
not understandthe differencebetween a fast lens and a fast
shutter, thinking, apparently, that becausethey have a fast
lens they should catch all moving objects sharply, or be-
cause they have a fast shutter that their pictures should be
fully timed. The reverse of this proposition is the truth.
The fast shutter, by reason of shortening the exposure,
19
':i
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Picture taking with the
cuts down the light and tends loward undertiming.* Re-
member that these speeds are always relative. Your Anas-
tigmat opened to f ,6.3 will not give as fully timed a nega-
tive in z6o of a second as your R. R. lens will at 1.8 it 16o
of a second. Your /.6.3 Anastigmat is 61 per cent. faster,
Inot 100 per cent. faster, than the R. R. lens. 1
*This refers in particular to between-the-lensshutters. With a
focal plane shutter, such as is used in the SpeedKodaks and Graflex
Cameras,other factors enter. Such shutters give more illumination
of the plate in a given time than between-the-lensshutters-but, on
the other hand, work many times faster when at full speed. 4II
l
Unfair Comparisons. , j_ We have had some complaints that the Anastigmatswere not giving as fully timed negatives as they should in i
comparison with the R. R. lens, which our customer had
previously used. In eaery cdse we have found that the
fault was not in the Anastigmat, but in the old shutter with
which the R. R. lens was used-such shutter having become
dirty, or through the springs weakening or other cause,
failing to work at its supposed speed. The result under
such circumstances being that the old lens was getting the
benefit of a much longer exposure than was intended, while
the Optimo shutter fitted to the Anastigmat was chop-
ping off the light with greater accuracy.
Two "Stop" Systems. tI
The user of an Anastigmat should bear in mind that )l
there are two systems under which shutters are marked forstop openings, and this must be reckoned with in making 4i
comparisons. Most shutters for R. R. lenseS are marked
on the Uniform System (abbreviated to U. S.), while the
shutters for Anastigmats are marked by the l. system. The
'/. value of a stop is the proportion that its opening bears to
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*,.
No. 3^AAutographic Kodak SPecial
the focal length of the lens. For instance, f'8 means that
,is 1-8 of the focal length the diameter of the stop opening
of the lens, etc. The Uniform System is based on the
areas of the openings, each next higher number having
? half the area of the preceding number, and therefore re'
quiring twice the exposure. For instance: If 1-100 of a
second be correct for stop U. S. 4, then, with the same
' light conditions and stop U. S. 8, 1-50 of a second would be
required. However, the two systems are easily compared:
Table.
'1.8 u.s. 4 - u.s. 8 - f.\t u. s. 16 - f.r6 u. s. 32 - f.22
u. s. & f.32 u. s. 128 - f.4s
There is no exact U. S. designationtor f .6.3 but it is
approximatelyU. S. 2.5.
i
A Law of Optics. I
; The larger the stop opening, the less depth of focus' 'I tl1 This is not a rule covering any particular lens that we or
any one else exploits. It's as fixed as the course of the
planets. With a large opening, depth of focus niust bew
sacrificed. In this matter of opening, then, the difference
? between the R. R. and the Anastigmat is this: The Anas-
tigmat will cut perfectly sharp on objects at the focused,
distance, over the entire picture with a large opening, ad-
miting a large amount of light, thus requiring a relatively
short exposure I but when this large opening is used, there
is no great depth of focus. The R. R. lens will not cut the
entire picture sharp with this large opening, even if cor-
rectly focused. With the smaller openings as f'8, etc., the
2l
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No. 3A Autographic Kod,ak Special
l
InstantaneousExposures.
Importa,nt-Although with this camera exposures nray be made
T attimespeedexposures300, allsoexposuresfar as providingslower thana tripodspeedor25,othermustfirmbe consideredsupport is
concerned. The camera cannot be held steadily enough in the hand
for work at less speed than 25.
When making ordinary instantaneous or snapshot pic-
tures the subj ect should be in the broad, open sunlight, but
the camera should not.
The sun should be be-
hind the back or over
the shoulder of the
operator. If it shines
directly into the lens
it will blur and f og
the picture.
Focus on the
Subiect.
The No. 3A Auto-
graphic Kodak Spu-
cial is equipped with
t h e K o d a k R a n g e
Finder and the Kodak
may be accurately
f ocused on still ob- FIG. I.
jects by meansof this Opening the Front.
F'inder, instead of using the Focusing Scale.
However, the quickest sure way to f ocus is by setting
the focus by the Scale to the estimated distance and then
correcting it by the Range Finder.
1. Press the concealed button (Fig. I) and push
down the bed of camera to the limit of motion.
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Picture taking with the
2. Grasp the handle at bottom of standard, and pull
out the f ront to the limit o f motion, then lock it by push-
itrg up on the handle
(Fig. II). It will then be
f ound that the indicator ut ' will come just behind the 100 f oot mark over the +
index plate. 1,
3. Draw out the
milled head at right side
of the bed. This is to be
used f or racking the
front back and forth.
4. llold the Kodak
in the horizontal posi-
tion and at such a dis-
tance f rom the eye that
the image is seen clearly
and sharply in the three
mirrors of the Range
Finder which is located
FIG. II. at the bottom o f the Extending the Bellows.
standard. This distance
is not necessarily the ordinary reading distance of the eye,
as'is the case when using the view finder, but it is modified
by the lenses o f the instrument. This distance will also
vary if the operator is eye-glasses. wearing i The image is most easily seen by looking with one eye
through (not at) the Range Finder, and the eye should be
quite close to it. Norr-In some cases, where it is found more convenient, such as t
when taking high buildings where the vertical lines predominate,
the Kodak may then be held in the vertical position, and look
through the Range Finder from the side, rather than from the top.
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No. 3A AutograPhic Kodak SPecial
5. Select some horizontal line near the center of the
subject, such as the collar, hat brim or belt if a portrait,
or a window frame or roof if a building, and rack the
lens back and forth by means of the milled head, until this
line is continuous in the three mirrors o f the finder' By li f l
i
As image will appear when As image wi[[ appear when As image will appear when
Range Finder is racked Range Finder is racked the Kodak is correctly
too far forward. too far back: focused'
racking back and f orth the continuity o f the line can be
broke' ard mended at will. when the line is continuous'
the focus is correct. An easy method for determining the
distance when taking a portrait, is to have the subject hold
his hand in the horizontal position across the chest, then
f ocus upon the line f ormed by the lower part o f the
hand. The illustrations above show the appearance of the
image in the Range Finder when lens is not in focus and
also how it appears when correctly f ocused' The image
will appear itruert ed, in the Range Finder, whereas it is
right side up in the view finder. The images in the two
outside mirrors will be yellow, whereas the center mirror
will show the image in the natural colors, by using this
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t
t
Picture taking with the
difference in color the three mirrors can 'be more easily
distinguished and the focus more readily determined. The
composition of the picture should be roughly determined by l
using the view finder in the usual manner, then the distance
of subject should be found by means of the Range Finder,
after which the view finder should aga'in be used in order I to make sure that the picture is properly composed. It is
obvious, however, that any changes in distance from sub- f ject to camera would mean refocusing
Before taking any pictures with this Kodak, it would be
advisable to make yourself perf ectly familiar with the
operation of the Range Finder and practice with it by
comparisons with the scale on hnown cli,stances.
6. Of course the Range Finder can only be usecl on
still objects, but by noting the focus distances on the scale,
a novice can soon learn to estimate distances verv accur-
ately when snap-shotting.
7. In case of any accident to the Range Finder, the
regular focusing scale may be used. In fact a comparison
should be made occasionally on distances that are known
.in order to prevent loss of film through accident.
8. If plates are used in this Kodak, the focusing of
the image may be done on the ground glass in the adapter,
or by using the metal attachment as described in the in-
structions included with each Combination Back, the Range
Finder or regular index plate may be used. As the focal
plane for fi1m and the focal plane for plates are not the
same when the adapter is used, it is necessary that the dif- ference be corrected, which is accomplished by using the I
metal attachment mentioned above. 9. The Range Finder must not be used for focusing I
the Kodak when the Kodak Portrait Attachment is in place,
as this Attachment changes the focal length of the lens.
The Kodak may be used with the Portrait Attachment by
using the focusing scale and then use the distances as
described on page 41.
26View original page 29From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
Check the model and edition against your equipment.
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