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Kodak / Eastman Photo Papers User manual
User manual for Kodak / Eastman Photo Papers. 37 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Kodak
- Model / document
- Kodak / Eastman Photo Papers
- Document type
- User manual
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- English
- Pages
- 37
- File size
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- Category
- Film cameras
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KODABROMPAPER
T |OOABROM is an entirely new type of enlarging
I\ paper with a high speed, full-scale emulsion, and
crspeciallydesirable proeessingadvantages. It is made
irr seven grades, each having four evenly spaced con-
trasts. As easy to handle as Velox, it develops in from
45 seeondsto ILI minutes deperrding upon exposure.
Its exposure latitude corresponds to its developing
latitude, u-ith no variation in the riehness arrd bril-
liance of its fine black tones. It has unusual keeping
- quality and stability of contrast.
3i "" The developer recommendedis D-72 u'ith I to 2 dilu- F'. a . tion for rapid development. Greater dilution may be
used n'ith an increased amount of bromide. The D-52 T
developer may also be used.
I{odabrom is designed to meet the requirements of
commereial, illustrative, and neu's photographers and
photo finishers. It is supplied in the follorving grades
and at the same list prices that apply to Vitava Opal,
Illustrzr,tors'Special, and P. M. C. Bromide.
KODABROMSINGLEWEIGHT
Gneon F-Smooth, glossy, u'hite
GnelB N-Smoclth, lustre, u'hite
KODABROMDOUBLEWEIGHT
Gnenn E-Smooth, semi-mafr,te,white
Gnenn F-Smooth, glossy, u-hite
Gneun G-Fine grain, Iustre, natural white
GnADE N-Smooth, lustre, white
Gne.nn P-Fine grain, Iustre, old ivory
All grades of Kodabrom ere supplied in contrasts
l, 2,3, and 4.View original page 3Page 4 · Read text
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Eastman
Photographic Papers
Bastman Kodak Company
Rochester, N. Y.
1 9 3 7View original page 4Page 5 · Read text
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EASTMAN
PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPERS tI
-J\HE purpose of this booklet is to :
I acquaint the photographer with the IEEvarious grades and surfaces of photo- tI
graphic papers, the work for rvhich they f
are best suited, and the most practical -tit
formulas and working instructions for {*r
producing the best possible results.
The formulas recommended have been
found by long experieneeto produce the
most satisfaetory results and should be
used under all normal conditions. If un-
usual eonditions suggest the need of a
change in any forrnula, s'e shall be glad
to be of assistance.
Eastman Kodak Company,
Rochester,N. Y.View original page 5Page 6 · Read text
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VITAVA PAPERS
Vitava is a paper of the finest possible quality for dis-
tinctive portraiture. The three brands inelude many beau-
tiful sutiace textures, all of which produce prints of
pleasing tone with excellent gradation. quality.
\
,Vitava Athena
Athena is a paper of normal speed for contact printing_from nega-
tives of averagb contrast. It is the acknowledged standard of portrait
quality, producing prints of warmth, brilliance, and fine gradation.
Vitava Athena Single Weight
A-Smooth, semi-matte, cream white ,
Vitava Athena Double Weight
B-Smooth, semi-matte, cream white
C-Smooth, matte, cream white
D-Rough, matte, natural white
E-Rough, matte, old ivorY
E-Smooth, matte, old ivorY
E-Semi-matte, smooth, old ivorY
G-Fine grain, lustre, natural white
H-Fine grain, matte, natural white .
L-Rough, Iustre, natural white
P-Fine grain, lustre, oid ivory
Q-Fine grain, matte, old ivory
W-Rough, semi-matte, old ivorY
X-Silk, semi-matte, old ivorY
Y-Silk, semi-matte, cream white
Vitava Opal
Opal has all of the warmth of tone and gradation scale of Athena
with- ample speed for enlarging. It truly reproduces the quality of
the contact print-is ideal for making portrait projection prints
from normal strength negatives or, with reduced lighting, for making
contact prints.
Vitava OpaI Singte and, Metd,ium Weight
A-Smooth, semi-matte, cream white, single weight
F-Smooth, glossy, white, single weight
T-Fine grain, lustre, natural tint, medium weighView original page 6Page 7 · Read text
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Vitaua Opal Duubl,eWeight
B-Smooth, semi-matte, cream white
C-Smooth, matte, creamwhite ' D-Rough, matte, natural white
E-Rough, matte, old ivory
E--Semi-matte, old ivory
G-Fine grain, lustre, natural white
H-Fine grain, matte, natural white
L-RougL, lustre, natural white
P-Fine grain, lustre, old ivory
Q-Fine grain, matte, old ivory
W-Rough, semi-matte,old ivory
7'--Tapestry, lustre, old ivory
Vitava Projection Paper
Projectionis a fast paperfor enlarging,having fine portrait quality
but slightly less warmth of tone than Opal. It is supplied in two
contrasts:No. 2 for normal negatives,No. 3 for slightly flat negatives.
F-Double Weight is suppliedonly in No. ti'contrast.
Vitaua Projection Sin4le Weight
A-Smooth, semi-matte, cream white
F-Smooth, glossy,white
Vitaua Projection Double Weight
B-Smooth, semi-matte,ereamwhite
C-Smooth, matte, creamwhite
D-Rough, matte, natural white
E-Rough, matte, old ivory
E-Smooth, matte, old ivory
E-Semi-matte, smooth,old ivory
F-Smooth, glossy,white
G-Fine grain, lustre, natural white
L,---Rough,lustre, natural white
P-Fine grain, lustre, old ivory
W-Rough, semi-matte,old ivory
X-Silk, semi-matte,old ivory
Y-Silk, semi-matte, cream white
Azo
,Lzo is a contaet printing paper having a quality and
consistently maintained uniformity that have made it
the dependable standard for commercial work and photo
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finishing, while many of its surfaees are suitable for
portraiture. Glossy Azo, grades F and C, are especially
desirable for photo finishing. ,Lzo is made in six degrees
of contrast as shown below. In ordering, specify the
contrast number as well as the letter indicating the
desired surface.
No. 0-For excessivelycontrasty negatives n No. l-For extremecontrast negatives ,
No. 2-For averagenegatives
No. 3-For flat negatives
No. 4-For extremely flat negatives
No. 5-For excessivelythin or flat negatives
Azo SirryteWeight
A-Smooth, matte, white, No. 2
C-Smooth, glossy,pens6,Nos. 0, L,2,3, 4, 5
E-Smooth, semi-matte,white, Nos. 0, L, 2,3, 4, 5
F-Smooth, glossy,white, Nos. 0, 1,2,3, 4, 5
K-Smooth, semi-matte,creamwhite, Nos. 2, 3, 4
Azo DoubteWeight
A-Smooth, matte, white, Nos. 1, 2
AA-Smooth, lustre, creamwhite, Nos. 1, 2
B-Smooth, semi-matte,creamwhite, Nos. 1, 2, 3
D-Rough, matte, natural white, Nos. 1, 2
E-Smooth, semi-matle,white, Nos. 0, I,2,3, 4, 5
F-Smooth, glossy,white, Nos. 0, I,2,3, 4, 5
G-Fine grain, lustre,natural white, Nos. 1, 2,3, 5
H-Fine grain, matte, natural white, Nos. 1, 2
J-Smooth, lustre, old ivory, Nos. L,2,3
L-Rough, lustre, natural white, Nos. 1, 2
P-Fine grain, lustre, old ivory, Nos. L,2,3, 5
Q-Fine grain, matte, old ivory, Nos. 1, 2
X-Silk, semi-matte,old ivory, Nos. 1, 2, 3
Y-Silk, semi-matte,ereamwhite, Nos. 1, 2, 3
Azo Post Cards
B-Nos. l;2,3 F-Nos. L,2, 3, 4
E-Nos. 1,2, 3, 4 K-Nos. 2, 3View original page 8Page 9 · Read text
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Ad-Type
Ad-Type-speedis a smooth, single weight, natural surface pape-r- of
normal for contact printing. It has a slight lustre and folds
without cracking. The commercial photographer's customers a_p-
preciate this quality which facilitates the mailing of photogra_phs
with sales letters. Ad-Type's six degrees of contrast corresponding
to those of..Lzo, see page 5, make it possible to secure brilliant com-
mercial prints from any type of negative. De T,uX€-Ad-Type is a
finer product, warmer in tone, and coated on rich, old ivory stock. .E
Ad-TyPe Single Weight
Smooth, lustre, natural white surface, Nos. 0, L, 2,3, 4, 5
De Luxe Ad-TyPe
Smooth, natural surfaee,old ivory, Nos. 1,2,3, 4
De Luxe Grad€ F, Glossy
This is a high-grade, single weight glossy paper with a warm-toned
emulsion, coated on a rich, old ivory stock. It produces pleasing
prints having a warln black tone that harmonizes perfectly with the
paper stock.
De Lure Grade F SinAIe Weight
F-(Nos. L,2,3,4) Smooth, glossy,old ivory
A New Yelox
The improved Velox, with its six degrees of contrast, hrq an
increased ability to fit the wide range of negatives produced by
modern film emulsions. The contrasts are regularly spaced and the
rich black tone is unaffected by the variations in exposure permitted
by the improved paper's wide latitude. It develops rapidly and has
the recognized stability of all Eastman sensitive materials.
Velo* Single Weight
F-(Nos. 0, 1,2,3, 4, 5) Smooth, glossy,white
E-(Nos. 0, 1,2,3, 4, 5) Smooth, semi-matte,white
Velox Rapid for the Velox Rapid Printer
Velox Rapid is a faster paper than the regular Velox and is sup- 1
plied in F, Glossy, and E, Velvet, in five degrees of contrast. It iI
enables the finisher to deliver enlargements from miniature nega- I
tives of the same quality and fine black tone as contact Velox prints.
Velor Rapid Singl,e Weight
F-(Nos. 0, l,-2,3,4) Smooth, glossy,white
E-(Nos. 0, I,2,3, 4) Smooth, semi-matte,white
Velox Rapid Dauble Weight
F-(Nos. 0, L, 2,3, 4) Smooth, glossy, white
E-(Nos. 0, l, 2,3, 4) Smooth, semi-matte,white
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P. M. C. Bromide
P. M. C. Bromide is to enlarging papers what Azo is to contact
printing papers. It is specially suited to commercial enlarging, having
a wide range of adaptability, excellent quality, and uniformity that
can be depended upon. A wide range of surfaces and contrasts fits it
to all types of commercial or photo finishing enlarging. Its speed is
such that high wattage projection lamps are not required. As a guide
to the contrasts of P. M. C. Bromide, for negatives of averagc con-
trast, use nornxal; for soft negatives, use medium; f.or flat negatives,
use contrasf,'and for extremely flat negatives, use etrtra contrast.
P. M. C. Bromide Singte Weight
No. l-Smooth, gloqsy, white, normal and contrast
No. 2-Smooth, semi-matte, white, normal, medium, contrast,
and ertra contrast
No. 3-Rough, matte, white, normal and contrast
No. 4-Smooth, glossy, pens6, normal
No. 5-Smooth, matte, white, normal
P. M. C. Bromide Double Weight
No. 6-Smooth, matte, white, normal
No. 7-Rough, matte, natural white, normal, medium, and
contrast
No. 8-Rough, semi-matte, old ivory tint,, normal, medium, and
contrast
No. 9-Smooth, semi-matte, white, narmal, mndium, contrast,
and ertra contrast
No. l0-Smooth, glossy, white, normal, medium, contrast, and
ertra contrast
No. ll-Fine grain, lustre, natural white, normal, med;ium,
contrast, and ertra contrast
No. l2-Fine grain, lustre, old ivory, normal, medium, contrast,
and ertra contrast
Post Cards-No. 10 Normal
Eastman News Bromide
As the name implies, Eastman News Bromide is suited to the
quick-finish enlarging methods used in news photography. It is a
physically hardened glossy paper made to withstand the rough treat
ment necessaryin producing rush prints. It has about the same speed,
and its contrasts may be compared to those of P. Ni. C. Bromide.
Eastman News Bromide Single Weight
Smooth, glossy, white, normal, m,ed,ium, corrtrast, and silra
contrastView original page 10Page 11 · Read text
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Eastman Translite Enlarging
Translite Paper is used for producing photographic transparencies
which are viewed by transmitted light in some form of illuminator.
It is a duo-coated paper, having a sensitive emulsion on both sides
of a translucent stock. When exposed and developed, two images
a,ppear, one on the printing surface and one which has printed
through the paper stock on the back. When placed in an illuminator,
the double image gives the print wonderful depth and luminosity.
Color placed on the back of the print adds to its attractiveness and
gets the attention which appeals to advertisers. Eastman Translite I
Enlarging Paper has approximately the same speed as Vitava Opal. IItThis paper gives best;results with negatives of average contrast. 1
fustman Translite Enlarging Single Weight
Smooth, semi-matte, white
Solar Bromide
Line Solar Bromide
Both of these papers are single weight and of normal speed for
contact printing. They have a dead matte surface and may be readily
folded without cracking. They are strictly commercial papers. Solar
is supplied in normal, Line Solar in normal for average negatives, and
contrast for flat negatives.
Solar Bromide Single Weight
Smooth, matte, white, for contact printing
Line Solar Bromide Si,ngteWeight
Smooth, matte, white, normal and contrasf, for contact printing
Insurance Bromide
This is similar in surface to Line Solar but is a fast paper of great
contrast for enlarging. Also suitable for use with scientific recording
devices.
Insurance Bromide Single Weight
Smooth, matte, white, A-(75 gram) B-(95 gram) R-(100 gram)
Eastman Kodaline Bromide
Kodaline Bromide is used for making prints and paper negatives
of great contrast.
Eastman Kadaline Bromide Singte Wei.ght
. Smooth, semi-matte, rvhite
Eastman Direct Positive Paper
This paper, in rolls, is used in automatic or semiautomatic machines.
The exposure makes a negative which, in processing, is changed to
a positive. Supplied in semi-gloss. It is also available in cut sizes.
8View original page 11Page 12 · Read text
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Illustrators' Special
This paper has a full scale,brilliant emulsionof Vitava Opal qu3lity
und ,o6.d: uo excellent rnedium for reproduction purposes'It is
;dplff;'*i"!r. u"Jdouble weight at the sameprice as Vitava opal.
Illustrators' Special Si'ngl'eand,DoubleWeight
Smooth, semi-matte,white
Eastman Portrait Proofing PaPer
Eastman";l-;"ffi;i;;tPortrait Proofing Paper is a single weight developing
prp* tp..q for" proiection printing' -B^vtgdgcing ,the
;;it;g; oi printing machines,it 1nay also be used for fast contact
fi;d&.Jt'rt^. a Etoct of naiural white in two qurfygsi 1-fiff,ft]J*.u,r.,"*atte and a lustre surface.This paper.is also supplted rn
500-sheetpackagesat 10/6 lessthan the grossprice rate.
Eastman Proof PaPer
This is a gelatin printing-ou! paper which requires sunlight or an
exire-ely br"illiant artificial lighffor printing proofs.
Eastman Proof PaPer Single Weight
Smooth,white, semi-matteand glossy.
Eastman SafetY Translite Film
A double coated matte film having approximately the same.speed
ur-vitu"u Projection Paper. It is a nne transparencymaterial for
display purposes.
Kotava SafetY Positive Film
A positive emulsion on a medium weight iYory tinted film base
nroari.i"e fine carbon effects.It is ideal either for sepia-t_onedprints
5, "it:r"t6ted miniatures.Its speedis about the sameas Vitava Opal.
Safelights for Papers
In proeessing papers it- is advisable to use a Safelight which will
ni* dfte most iritliant illumination that is safe for developing and
ieasonable handling of the material, but any Safelight gI fog sensi-
li". -"terial whic"h it exposed for too long a time. Wratten and
iioaut Sufelight Lamps, which give indirect li-ght, pelmi.t the use of
ibi-i"tt larilp bulb.^ In lamps giving direct light, the bulb slould
o.rr.t be more thuo 10 watts. For contact printing papers' the Series00
or 0A Wratten Safelight is recommended. For the faster papers, used
i"r-i"t"tging,. a Seri6s 0 or 0A Safelight may be used except for
Insurance"gioiniAe for which the Series 2 is more suitable. For Direct
Positive Papers a Series 2 Safelight should be used.
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WASHING
After the prints are thoroughly fixed, they should be washed for
at least one hour in running water which flows rapidly enough to
replace the water in the washing tray 10 to L2 times per hour. Prints
should be separated several times during this period. If running water
is not available, they should be given twelve changes of water from
one tray to another, allowing about five minutes for each change.
For greatest permanence after fixing, place the prints for 5 minutes
in a fresh fixing bath and then wash for at least 2 hours under the
foregoing conditions.
When running water is used for washing, the stream should not be
allowed to fall directly on the prints as it may cause breaks in the
fibre g{ the paper. Place a tumbler or graduate in the washing tray
and allow the water to overflow from it into the tray. We recom-
mend the use of the Eastman Automatic Tray Siphon as the most
efficient means for washing prints in the shortest possible time.
To determine when the prints are entirely free from hypo, use the
following test:
Hypo Test Solution "ffflI*" I I ^J"""X?":tJ
Distiuedwater. --0:i,ri:;Ii" Potassiumrermdriiliriaie in E:'C;:) . n eiainJ s;;m
S_gdium -tlVdJoxide (Caustic Soda). 8 [rains 0.6 [ram
Water (disttlled) to rnake. 8 ounces 250.0 6c.
To make the test, take 4 ounces (L25 ce.) of distilled water in a
clear glass and add 1A drd,m (1 cc.) of the permanganate-caustic soda
solution. Pour \f ounee (15 cc.) of this diluted solution into a clean
l-ounce graduate. Then take six 4 x 5-inch prints or their equivalent,
from the wash water and allow the water from them to drip for B0
seconds into the rf ou\ce of test solution. If a small percentage of
hypo_is present,-the violet color will turn orange in about 30 seconds,
and become colorless in about 1 minute. In such case the prints
should be further washed until n_ocolor change is produced by the
test, which proves that the hypo has been eliminated.
I{ote: oxidizable organic matter, if present in the water, reacts with
the permanganate solution and changes the color in the same m&nner
as does hypo. The water should therefore be tested as follows:
When the first test is made with prints from the wash water, a
similar test should be made with the tap water. Add a volume'ofView original page 16Page 17 · Read text
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DRYING
When washing is complete, the prints should be removed from the
wash water and placed face down on a clean glass or oilcloth-covered
mounting board to drain off the excessmoisture. They may then be
dried on cheesecloth stretchers, between blotters, or on a belt or
drum dryer. If any prints are imperfectly washed, these materials
become contaminated with hypo which is then transferred to the
well washed prints.
Prints on cheeseclothstretchers will not dry perfectly flat so it will t
be desirable to go over the backs of them with a soft sponge or tuft
of cotton which has been moistened with water or equal parts of
alcohol and water. Very little moisture will produce the desiredresults. The prints should then be placed between blotters or card- lI
board under heavy pressure. They will be flat in two or three hours.
If blotters are used for drying purposes, the prints should be
drained thoroughly, placed between blotters and weighted down for
five or ten minutes. They should then be transferred to fresh, dry
blotters and this process should be repeated until the prints are per-
fectly dry. To insure even drying and to prevent cockling, the prints
should be kept under a heavy weight while drying.
The Eastman Print Straightener is one of the simplest devices
ever offered the photographer for straightening prints. It is operated
by a motor, and prints fed into the machine are carried by a belt
through water vapor, over a straightener, and dropped into a basket,
flat and smooth. Either single or double weight prints are straight-
ened as fast as they can be fed to the belh. The degree of moisture
is easily regulated and the prints do not crack.
NELSON GOLD TONING BATH
The advantage of this toning bath is that a variety of excellent
brown tones may be obtained by varying the time of toning. The
prints may be removed from the bath at any time when a satisfactory
color is obtained. For average results, toning will require 5 to 7
minutes for Vitava Athena, 12 to 15 minutes for Vitava Opal, and
15 to 20 minutes for Vitava Projection Papers. After fixing, wash
the prints for a few minutes before placing them in the toning solution.
""iiy* Nelson Gold Toning Bath[ I
For Sepia Tones on Vitava Athena and Opal Papers
Solution No. I Avoirdupois Metric
larrn water (about 125" F.) (52" C.) I gallon 4.0 liters
Sodium -Thio-sulph,ate (Hypo) 2 founds 960.0 S,rams
Arnrnonlurn Persulphate 4 6unces 120.0 [,rams
_lissolve the- hypo completely belore adding the ammonium persulphate. Stir the bath vigorously
while.adding the ammonium persulphate. If the bath does not lurn milky, increase the temperature
until it does.
-Prepare -the following-solution and. a4d it, including precipitate, slowly to the hypo-persulphate
solution while stirring the latter rapidly. The bath must beiool tahen thbse solutioii o,ri combined.
Cold water. 2 ounces 64.0 cc.
SllverNitra-te(Qrygalq)(E, K.Co.). ........ 75 grains 5.2grams
Sodiurn Chloride (Table salt). . 75 grains 5.2 [rarns
Note: The siluer n'itrate should be dissolaed completelg before adding the sodium chlorid,e.
(Continued on page 15)
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SOFT EFFECTS IN ENLARGBMENTS
AJuty pleaging softness or diffusion may be obtained by using ..
the Eastman Projection Printer or Eastman Auto-Focus dnhrger
with Diffrrsing Discs. Each disc produces an unvarying degree"of
softness. No extra n-eed 6e given when the Dinirsin[ Discs -exposure
are used as the volume of light is noi diminished.
MOT]NTING
The most effective means of mou:rting is with the Kodak Dry
Mounting Press Dry_Mounting Tissue. Prints mounted by this -q,n$
process even on lightweight mounts will not cockle or curl, but will
retai-n their good.appeara_nce-after they-A leave the photographer,s iI hands. Mounting is exceedi"gJv simple. piece of mountiig iissue
the size of the print_ is-tac\ed to its back with a hot tackiig iron.
The print is_trimmed, placed on the mount, and a loose roro.iof tht
tissue tacked to the mount to hold it in place. A few secondsin the hot
pfes_smounts the print smoothly and permanently. The 11 x l4-inch
Ko-dpk Press accommodate ail sizes of prints up P^ty Yo"nting _will
to 18 x 22 inches, or larger, the larger sizes being mounted 6y two or
more impressions.
PROCESSING DIRECT POSITIVE PAPER
This^paper is used for making_negatives which, by the six opera- .
tions of the reversal process, are changed into posiiive prints. Correct
exposure fgt.th" negative determrlnes the quality of th-e print; there-
fore a fixed light source and a definite exposure-are required. Under-
exposure will-produce a_d-ark picture, while overexpoiure produces
pictures which are too light.
Thg reversal process includes_exposure, development of the nega- .
t!ve, bleaching the negative, clearing, re-exposuie, development of
the- positive. Fixing not. essential, but it gives the- print a -js
slightly increased brilliance. Fixed prints should be washed for
ten minutes in running water. If not fixed, prints should be washed
for four or five minutes. The Direct Positive emulsion is coated on a
waterproof. support which permits rapid drying. An inexpensive
glectric^ dryer can be used effectively to facilitate drying. The tgir
Series 2 Wratten Safelight should be used for workroom illgmiiation.
A satisfactory division of time in the different solutions is as
follows: Developin-g, seconds to 1 minute; bleaching, B0 secondsl 45
cFaring, 30 seconds; developing o_rre-developing, 30 seconds; fixing,
30 seconds. It is nec_essaryto wash the prints tlioroughly in running iIwater for at least 15 seconds between the different solulions. When
the solution D-88 is used for developing a black-and-white positive,
it is to expose_the_ paper .necessary _to artificial light direcily after
clearing. If convenient, the white light may be turned on as Joon as
tfe prinls. are placed in the clearing battr. If brown tones are desired,
the sulphide re-developer be instead of developer D-ggj Tpy- _used,
directly after clearing. It will then be unnecessary to use white light.
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The embossedline for a print, say 6 x 9 inches, on an 11 x 14-inch sheet
Jpup"r, should be about %of q,n in.ch from top, sides.,utt* bottom of
the picture image,making the _emboss-
ing form 632 x 9fu inches. The form
should be the same thickness as the
print so an old print maY be used for
this purpose.
Cut it 6%, x9/a inches and then drawry a line Ya of an inch from top, sides, Qnd
bottom, as shown in the diagram. Cut
out the corners as indicated by dark
triangles. These openings are to locate
the corners of the print when adjusting
the form for embossing.
A square of plate glass with a light
beneath makes an excellent,embossing
table. Place the form on the plate glass
over the light. Place the print over the
form, locating the corners of the pic-
ture in the triangular openings. HoId
the print firmly and run an EastmanL M Print Embosser over the back, follow-
ing the edge of the form. If the pressure of the embossing tool is
even, the result is a distinct plate-sunk Iine that adds to the print's
attractiveness.
Before prints are embossed,their backs should be moistened evenly
to the edgeswith a solution of equal PQ{s of wood alcohol and water.
They stroirta then be placed between blotters under pressure. If not
allowed to become bone-dry, the prints will lie flat and emboss with-
out cracking.
GENERAL INFORMATION
In using photographic formulas, one should \ave a fairly thorough
knowledg6 of ttt"-th^emicals used. Elon and hydroquinone are reduc-
ing agenTswith distinctly different characteristics.-Elon, alone, pro-
duleJ great softness and detail. Hydroq,qino_ne_develops contrast.
Togeth"er they produce a balanced result. IIsed alone these chemicals
de'ielop very-slbwly,"er"rgyl 'ltso sodium carbonate is added to increase their ,'
developing i. makes them oxidize more readily, and
sodium suiphite fu therefore added as a preservative to prevent oxi- {
a dation, fogi and stains. Potassium bromide is added to prevent the
fogging of'prints and to keep the whites clear. Additional bromide
ad"d-i*ur^th, especially to the tone of Vitava or Azo prints.
Developers used according to formulas cannot be improved gpon
for ali general work, and no changes in the relative-proportions of the
chemicals are advised unless unusual conditions make them necessary.
Such conditions will not arise if pure water and pure chemicals are
used at recommended temperatures.View original page 21Page 22 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
Prints should be developed immediately after exposure as the latent
image gradually fades with time and it becomesimpossible to develop
an image of full strength. This is especially true if prints are exposed
to moisture.
In compounding all formulas, mix chemicals in the order named
and dissolve each chemical thoroughly before adding the next. This
is just as essential with fixing baths as with developers.
Prints should always be given at least a five seconds' rinse in the
acid rinse bath (SB-1) before fixing. This stops development immedi-
ately and neutralizes the developing solution in the print. If the rinse
bath is not used, the print carries alkaline developer into the fixing
bath. This alkali rapidly neutralizes the acid in the fixing bath, causing
it to precipitate a white sludge which produces stains. Prints fixed in
such a bath are not permanent and may eventually turn brown or
yellow.
The temperature of the fixing bath should never exceed 70" F.
(21'C.). A record should be kept of the number of prints fixed in a
bath so that one will know when to discard it. If the rinse bath SB-1
is used, 64 ounces of fixing bath will fix approximately 200-4 x 6,
or 60-8 x 10 prints or their equivalent in other sizes. If only a water
rinse is used, a 64-ounce bath will fix about 10(}-4 x 6, or 30-8 x 10
prints or their equivalent. These figures have been established by
careful tests and when this number of prints has been fixed, the bath
should be discarded and a fresh one used. Improperly fixed or washed
prints will eventually turn yellow or fade. The thoroughness of wash-
ing should be checked at regular intervals by using the Hypo Test
Formula HT-la, page 13.
There will be no trouble in making prints of the finest quality if
the foregoing instructions are carefully followed.
Stain Remover ""iru"" [ I
To Remove Stains from Hands
Solution No. I Avoirdupois Metrlc
Water. . 32 ounces 1.0 liter
Potassium Permangan;i;'. . . . % ounce 7.5 grams
Solution No. 2
Water. 32 ouncea 1.0 liter
Sodium Blsulphite 16 ounces 480.0 grams
Rub the hands with a small amount of No. 1 Solution, rinse in water, then rub with the No. 2
Solution which removes the stain.
Tray Cleaner II FormulaTC-l II
To Remove Oxidation Stains from Travs
Avoirdupois Metric
Water. ..: . .. 32 ounces 1.0 liter
Potassiurn Bichromate...... 3 ounces 90.0grarns
Sulphuric Acid, C. P. (8. K. Co.). . 3 fluid oz. 96.0 cc.
Pour a small quantity of this solution into the tray to be cleaned. Rinse it about until it has access
to all parts of the tray. Pour out and wash tray thoroughly six or eight times until all traces of
cleaning solution disappear. This will remove developer oxidation stains, silver stains, and some
dye stains, and is a very useful cleaning agent.
19View original page 22Page 29 · Read text
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De Luxe Ad-Type
Sizes GrosE 500 Sheets Sizes Groes 250 Sheets
8 x10. . $ 5.25 $16.45 L4xl7 $15.35 $ 25.35
8rhxll 6.20 19.40 16x20 20.60 34.00
9 xll 6.55 20.50 I8x24 27.45 45.30
10 xL2. . 7.90 24.70 20x24 30.45 50.25
11 xL4.. 10.05 31.45 30x40 78.10 128.85
Velox Rapid
Slngle wetght Double \iletght
Size Gross 500 Sheets Size Gross 500 Sheets
g r A x a r h . . : . . .. ., $ 1 . 0 5 $ 3 . 3 0 3%xalh . .. $1.30 $4.15
All standard sizes appearing in the Azo Single and Double Weight lists will be supplied on special
order. Prices will be the same as for Single and Double Weight Azo, respectively.
Eastman News Bromide
Sizes Dozen )4 Gro. Gro. Sizes Dozen 16 Gro. Gro.
5 x 7 $ . 3 5 $ 1 . 7 5 $ 3 . 3 0 L4xl7 $2.10 $11.30 fi2r.45
6rAx 8rh .55 2.80 5.15 16x20 2.75 14.95 28.70
8 xLO .75 3.95 7.35 18x22 3.40 18.25 35.30
10 xL2 1.15 5.85 11.00 I8x24 3.60 19.80 38.35
11 xl4 1.40 7.40 14.05 20x24 4.00 22.00 42.60
All standard sizes, appearing in the P. M. C. Bromide list, will be considered standard for News
Bromide. Special sizes furnished at prices 5/s greater than the next larger listed eize for sizes larger
than 5 x 7. Supplied in all standard Azo roll sizes.
500-sheet Packages
5x7. .$10.30 6x8. .$14.05 6rhx8%..s16.107x9. .$18.30 8x10. .ffi22.95
lO-ft. Rolls 10-yd. Rolls lo-ft. Rolls 10-yd. Rolls
20 inches wide $2.00 $4.85 40 inches wide $3.75 $9.35
Special narrow width rols will be furnished when ordered in sufrcient quantities to take the
full width of a roll 40 inches wide, minimum length, 30 feet.
Solar and Line Solar Bromide
Sizes Gro. 500 Sheets Sizes Gro. 250 Sheets
6rAx 8% .... $2.90 $ 9.10 l4xl7 . $12.15 $20.05
8 x10 4.15 13.00 16x20 16.30 26.90
8lhxll 4.90 15.35 18x22 20.05 33.10
9 xll 5.15 16.10 18x24 2L.75 35.90
11 xL4 7.95 24.85 20x24 24.15 39.85
All standard sizes, appearing in the P. M. C. Bromide list, will be considered standard for Solar
and Line Solar Bromide. Special sizes furnished at prices 5/6 greater than the next larger listed size
for sizes larger than 5 x 7.
10-yd. Rolls 100-yd. Rolls
20-inch trimmed or 2011-inehuntrimmed. . . $3.05 $27.15
40-inch trimmed or 4l-inch untrimmed 5.65 51.50
Special narrow *'idth rolls will be furnished when ordered in sufficient quantities to take the
full width of a roll 40 inches wide, minimum length, 30 feet. Supplied in all standard Azo roll sizes.
. Insurance Bromide
Prices of cut sizes and rolls furnished on application
26View original page 29Page 35 · Read text
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BALANCE. . .
aJEPF.NDABLE developers demand that
the chemicals with which they are compounded
be of a standard strength and purity. Eastman
Tested Chemicals are maintained at invariable
standards to insure balanced chemical re-
actions-to enable Eastman formulas to pro-
duce the finest possible negatives and prints.
Eastman Kodak Comp&ry, Roehester, N. Y.
5pecify
EASTMAN rEsrEDcHEMtcALsView original page 35From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
Check the model and edition against your equipment.
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