Kodak PANORAM No. 4 User manual

NO. 4 PANORAM-KODAK MANUAL.            EASTMAN I{ODAI( COlrPr\N\"





                                                                                                                                     Fig' IV'
                                      Fig, II.                                       V. Now break the: gummed slip that holds down the
                                                                                        of black paper ; caffy the end of paper across the first alumir                                                                                                                            holder (this is    II.  Open the Kodak by pulling apart' as shown in trig' II'                      roller .rrd following the curve of back of film
If the lock Pins are Pulled ottt                                                       focal plane) carry the paper over the second aluminum rol
to the limit of motion the                                                 snap 6ack the tension plate which is parallel to reel and th
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ( See Fig. V. ) and give one or two sKodak will open easilY' and                                                         film into slit in reel,
will require no forcit g.
    III.  At each encl of 'the
camera will be seen iI recess
for holding the film sPools.
As sent ottt from the factorY
there is an emPtY sPool at the
winding end of the cAlrlera'
and the fresh cartridge is to be
 inserted at the oPPosite end.
To accomplish this Push catch
with thumb and raise uP on
 the flat tension Plate, as shown
 in Fig. III.                                               Fie. III.                           +
   IV. Now insert the cartridge as shown in Fig. IV', being
 sxtre tltat th.e top of spool cotvtes at top orf carnera, (each spool is
 marked. on the     and snap tension plzrte down ilto place,             ""a1                     in axis at ends of spool in so doing' centering the pins
                                                                                                                                                   Fig. V.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY.

          FOR TAKING GROUPS.
 The Panoram-Kodak has no equal for taking outdoor groups.                PART III.
'he scope of view is so wide that a great number of people can
e included with all in the " front trow." The subjects.should                                              REMOVING THE IjILM.tand in a semi-circle with each the same distance from the                                                    No dark room is required in. changing the spools in theamera (not less than twenty feet) and care should be taken not
r have any horizontal straight lines in either the fore or back-                  Panoram-Kodak. The operation shodld, however, be per-
,round. There is nothing-less artistic than a straight board                    tormed in a subdued light.                                                                ( (                                                                                                                  I.  Flaving made the last exposure (No.  B " or " E, "snce or the clapboarded side of a house. Such backgrounds
re undesirable with any camera but are to be especially                      according to whether the cartridge is for two or for five expos-
voided with the Panoram. An easy way to arrange the group                       ures), give the key about zo half turns.                                                                                                                  II.  Remove the back as before described, page 5.; for the operator to hold the end of a string of proper length
rhile an assistant describes the arc of a circle with the other                                 III.  Holding the paper taut, so as to wind tightly, turn the
nd, placing the subjects on the imaginary curved line. This                   key until the paper is all on the reel.                                                                              IV.  Moisten the gummed slip which will be found at end ofrrangement, it will be seen, brings each individual at the same
listance from the Kodak and thus insures their being of 'the                          ro11 and fasten down the black paper.
rrop€f relative size in the photograph. Of course there is no
,bjection to having the " sitters " banked one above the other
rhere an excee-dingly large group makes this necessary, but
)r the best results the semi-circular arrangement should
lways be followed.





                                                                                                                                                    Fig. I.
                                                                   V.  Lift up tension plate as shown in Fig. I. and remove the
                                                                                       cartridge of exposed film from it and wrap up immediately to
                                                                                    prevent the possibility of light being admitted.
                                                                             VI. Now throw back the tension plate from empty spool
                                                                                 at opposite end of Kodak and remove spool to winding side,
                                                                                                   fitting the k"y web into slotted end of spool and then snap-
                                                                                ping tension plate down on opposite end of spool, centering pin
                                                                                                 in same in hole in axis of spool.
                                                                    The Kodak may now be reloaded as before described.
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NO. 4 PANORAM-KODAK MANUAL.   r8           EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY.

                                                                                                                                of potassium to the developer. The novice will soon learn to recognizc ovt    The fixing solution must only be used in tray No. 3, and                              exposure, and to apply the remedY.
   the negatives, after fixing, must not be put in No. I  tray:                                  After the bromide has been added to the developer,  it should not be us
   Neither must any of the fixing solution be allowed to                                   for another negative, unless  it is known to have been over-exposed.
   touch the films, through the agency of the fingers, or otherwise,
    until they are ready to go into the fixing bath, otherwise they                                                   Fog.
    will be spotted or blackened, so as to be useless.                                                                                    Caused by white light in the dark room, or holding the  fil      XII. When the negatives are thoroughly washed, put one-                                                                           too long in the lamplight. (Even the yellow light from  tl   half ounce of glycerine into one pint of water, stir well and                                                                            lamp will fog the film after a time. )   soak the negatives in the solution for five minutes, then remove
   them and wipe off the surplus moisture wilh a soft damp cloth,                           Fog causes the filri to blacken all over soon after the developer is applir
   and pin them'by the four corners, face up, to a flat surface                          and i( the fog is considerable  it obliterates the image entirely.
   to dry.
     The glycerine solution may be used repeatedly.                                                       Over-DeveloPment.
:Yq**                                                                                                                               t     The trays should now be rinsed out and set away to drain                         Caused by leaving the negative too long in the developer.
   and dry.
                                                                                                                                                                , In this case the negative is very slrong and intense by transmitted  li€    When the negatives are dry they are ready for printing, as                          and requires a very long time to print. The remedy is obvious.
   described in Part V.
             DEFECTIVE NEGATIVES.                                                       Under-Development.
                                                                                    Caused by removal from the developer too soon.     By following closely the foregoing directions, the novice can
  make seventy-five per cent. or upwards of good negatives.                        An under-developed  negative differs from an under-exposed one in tl
   Sometimes, however, the directions are not followed, and fail-                                                   it is apt to be thin and full of detail, instead of harsh and lacking in detail.
                                                                                                     the development is carried on as before directed, this defect is not liable   ures result.
     To forewarn the camerist is to forearm him, and we there-                                 occur.
   fore describe the common causes of failure.                                                            Spots, Streaks, Etc.                                                                                                                                                                 .
                       Under-Exposure.    -                                                  Air bells on the film in the cleveloper or fixing bath are liat
                                                                                                   to cause spots, and streaks are caused by allowing the film      Caused by making exposures when the light is weak.                                                                                 remain uncovered in part by the various solutions while        Under-exposure  is evidenced by slowness in the appearance of the image                                                                                       them.    in development. and the absence of detail in the shadows. In under-exposurcs
    the sky appears black in development, and the rest of the negative remains                          White, milky spots are evidence that the negative has r
    white with no detail.                                                                                                                            ..          been properly fixed, and it should be put back into the fixi
                                                                                             bath. and then rewashed.                        Over-Exposure.
      Caused by too much light.                                                                Always Develop Film Face Down.
       Negative develops evenly, shadows almost as fast as high lights.  No
    contrast and no deep shadows. Over-Exposure can be overcome in  the
    development, by the addition of a few drops of a ro per cent. solution bromide