KOMBI Photography User manual

Page 3 · Read text

KOT{BI I'HOTOGRAPIIY





   COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS
  FOR MAKING PHOTOGRAPHS
           WITH THE
            KOMBI.
                PATET'T3O  IN THE  ENTIFE  WOFLD



              CHICAGO:
          ALFRED C. KEMPER'
                         1895,





          www.orphancameras.com

View original page 3

Page 4 · Read text

IIow to use the Book.

HIS book is to teach you to make perfr.ct
photographs with the Kombi.
It can bo easily done.
Other people have done it.
So can you, if you will follow the in-
structions.
Everything has to be learnt, even making pictures with the
Kombi.
It is as simple as A. ts. C., but everybody had to learn the
A. B, C.
The only way to learn Kombi Photography, is to read the
book. To read it sevoral times. To refer to it, at first, every time
you are going to do anything. To look up anything you are in
rlou]:t about.
The book is eornplete. It contains euerytling you want to
know. You want to know euergthing it iL. .
Nothing is easy until you knon' it. Nothing is so easy to
learn t'to knowt', as "Kombi Photography."
You will never know it until you have mastered the book.
But tho book is simple enough.
If, in spite of all, there is something you can't get right, u'rite ,'
to the manufacturer, and he rvill tell you where )'ou are wrong.
In looking anything u1r, refer to the Index at the end of the
book. Ir
{ >"%jK€ OOPYRIGHT TA94 3Y A. C. KEMPER.
ALL RIGHTA FESERVEO.

View original page 4

Page 5 · Read text

K()MBI PHOTOGRAPHY.

           The Kombi.
              Prelimi nary ExPlanations.
 THn KoMBr is mado of two portions, one fitting into the other.
  The front part contains tho Lens, and the Slnt'tter.
The rear portion, or lloll Holder, contains the rolls How flade.
wh.ich hold the sensitivo lihn.
  Ihe Lens is a pieco of glass, ground double convex so that it
collects the rays of light and "projects", or throws      The Lens.
thom upon the sensitive film.
  Behind the leus, insitle the front portion of the Kombi, is the
sIuttor.  The shr,rtter l<eeps tho lig|t out, when the pic[uro is
nob being takon.  It, is guitle'tl b,v tho Spring Latch
on the top of front portion of Kombi. I'he Spring   The shutter'
Latch holds ttre Shutter either oper) or shut. Open,
when picture is being taken. shut, either before or after picture
is taken. (See iilustrations, Figs. 1, 2 ancl 3.)





           t'ie. 1.                              l,'ig. 2.                             I'ir{.  :1.
 LENS CLOSED' BEFORE     I,B]NS OI'UN, \YEILE    LENS OI,OSED' AFTER
  TAKIN(i EXPOSURE.     'I"\KING I]XPOSURE.   TAKING EXPOSURE.
  When the Kornbi is helcl As shon'n in Fig. 1, fwith the lene to-
 wards 1'oul and the spring is pressed, the latch flies from right to
 left, opening tho shutter on tho waY, ( as it takes,
 for an i.nstant, the position shown in Fig.2), and     $#:tf.:."





                    www.orphancameras.com

View original page 5

Page 6 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
stopping when it reaches position sirown in l'ig. 3.
Pointing tho Kombi at an ol;ject and
snapping tho iatch, is called "making an
exposure," You oxpose tho film to the
light which passos through the lens.
The action of rvliite light upon the
sensitir-e film inrpresses lll)- Action ol Light on on it thoso objects clirer,ily
Film. in fnnt of the lens. or in Fig.4.- THE KoMRr. other worcls, takos a pictnre, but this
picture remains invisiblo until the filnr has been "developed."
"Developing," is bringing out, the invisible pictureDevetoping. on the lllm by means of chemicals.
When the picture isdevelopecl, it, mnst lco "f,tred", Eo that it
F!Frxrns'!_ stays visible, anrl so that light will not, injure it. The picturo which is tlrus cleveloperl anrl fixed, is
called a "negatiac", becAuse, in this form, the shadows are all
A Negative. light, antl tbo lights, clark.
"Printing", is rlone by placing tho transparent negative upon
a piece of sensitizetl paper, and letting tho sunlight pass through
Prlnting, &c.- the negativo on to the sensitizerl paper, thus bring- ing out the lights and shatlows as they shoulcl be.
The printed picture is then "Toned," "But'nislted," and "J[ou,nt-
ed", (ancl sometimes, after t.ltat,"Burttislrccl" in a machine), all
of lvhich processes will be described later on.
Maklng Exposures. :
To make an exposuro with the Kombi is the simplest thing in
the world, because the Kombi is the simplest camera
tlow slmple' in ths rvorid.
You must first decide, whether you aro going t<,' make Snap-
Snap-shot Shot (i. e. instantanoous) Exposures, or "Time
St.Sllr?", Exposures." ft is best to make all exposures thewhich ? same on the same film, becauso easier to devolop.

View original page 6

Page 7 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
Snap-shot or inst,antaneous exposures' must be rnade in the
open air, in a briglit ligirt and clear atmosphere.
Time exposures are to be made incloors, and when the light is
not bright enough for snap- shot exposures'
It is best for beginners to make time exposures only'
'Iime-exposures are easier to make ancl results are [ln";??tt-more satisfuctory, because any conclition of light will for begin-
clo. ners'
Snap-shot exposures are uncertain, because so much clepends
on the liF{ht, aurl the attlrosllhere.
To make a SnaP=Shot ExPosure.
set. Set Latcir [t; positirln No. I,lntlilirtg .lin,qer o1)er lens until
'Iake off cap. Point Kombi directlf irt object to be pirotographet'I. To make a
Snup the f,atoh, by ltressing cloytr spring, so Latclr Snap'$hs1Exposure'can pass lvitirout stopping to position No. ll. (page ll).
Wher) \'ott Itave ntrtcle one exposure,
before nraking the nert, always turn
roller No, II in clirection of Arrow ult-
til 1'otr lra\:e cotrntetl tltree el,icks. A
fresh surface of lilrn rvill then be
ready' for another e\posure.
In rlt-,ing tiris, if roliers are not very
tiglrt, it is a good plan to press the
left tirunrb against roller No. f, so as
to r:alrse lnore tension ancl force click
F ig.5. sNApr,rNG l'HIi LATCII. to oltel'ittt'.
To Make a Time Exposttre.
L)over Lens wtth 'f irrte ltrrlrosllre Ca1r.
Set Konrbi on sonle steacly stancl, such ils iI table or tripod,
pointing directiy tt,t strbject.
Set I-,atch to positiotr No.2, (page 3), holdtrtgl Jinger TimeTo make a
ouer Lens utt,tti, rluite rertd31. Exposure.
Remove finger f rom I-lofIS, antl leave ()I)en for a

www.orphancameras.com

View original page 7

Page 8 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
    time varying from 6 to 50 seconds, or more, according to condi-
     tions explainetl in,.Time-Table."
        ' Snap the latch, by pressing down on spring.
     change surfaco of film, ready for next exposure, as explained
    above.
                 Rules for Taking Plctures.
                 fn holding finger over lens, while setting latch,
 $ro.l""o""n   do not let your fi.rg". come into direct contact with
                the glass.
 Landscapes.      For a Lanzdseape, point Kombi at eonter of land_
                  8cape.
 Sman objects.  For a Small Object,place object against dark back-
               ground, and point Kombi at center of object.
 Large obJects.  For a Large Obiect, as a Building, etc,, sta,ncl away
              from the objer:t, a tlistance equal to about twico its
    height, and point Konbi directly at object. rf however, you stancl
   on a hill, and can point at center of object, a distanco equal to
   the height is satisfactory.
      l-or a Portrait, place the person against a back_ground, pre_
portratts.     ferably light, hold the Kornbi about threo feet from
               the faco and point at chin.
     In making an exposure, the Kombi should never be tilted at an
    angle, but always held leuel.
      h-or Tinrc Erposures, don't hold the Kombi in your hand; rest
     it on some stationary object, such as a table, or tripod.
    The light should never shine on tho lens, but on the object to
Theeun.     be photographed. The sun should always be at the             back of the operator, or direcily overhead.
                       Time=Table.
    fn a bright light, out of doors, for snap-shot, tt:iilrcut lime
   exposuro cap, just snap the latch.
     In a bright lighb, o't of doors, for pictures of objects which
outdoorg.    can be kept still, witlt, time-exposure cap, one second.

View original page 8

Page 9 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
In n medium light, or in the shade, three seeonds'
Ind.oor Pictures should alucags be time exposures. Kombi
should always be pointed dwa,A from the light' tndoorg.
Time-exposure cap should altnags be used.
For room w\th tnhite walls, and in bright sunligltt, Room with
time of exposure should be at least 6 seconds. white walls.
If the sunlight is hazy, at least 72 seeonds,
If the light is medium bright, at least 25 seeonds'
If the light is dim, at loast 50 seconds.
For room wil]n med,ium-colored. walls, other conditions remain-
ing the same, the tirnes of exposuro should be at $r%?TL#nn
least double thoso given abovo. light walls.
For room wilh d,ark walls and hangings, the times Room with
of exposure should. be at least five tlmes those dark walls'
given above.
If the room has only one wi.ndow, the times of exposure
should be at leas| twice as long as any of the times Room wlth . one window. glven.
a Thus, under the most fatsorable conditions given above, in
room of one rvindow or more, the time of exposure should be at
least 6 seconds; whilst, under tho most u.nfauorable conditions,
in room with only one rvindow, the exposure shouid be at least
twice, fiue times, fi'ftg seconds, or 500 seconds; that is, over eight
minutes,
It is not always possible, even for an experienced photographor,
to gauge exactly the right time of exposure' without
some experiment. For a picture which you desire to lg.ttfii!:,g,1. as possible' get as near right as possible, it is a good thing to
make say three erpcisure$ timing each one say 2 seeonds longer
than the last. Thus, you might tako the first at, 12 seconds, the
next at 14 seconds, and the next at 16 seconds. one of those ox-
posures will in all protrability be very nearly right'
One of the most important things in photography is to get the
right time lor expoBure. In order to do this, before taking a

www.orphancameras.com

View original page 9

Page 10 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
picture, study the light, read this cbapter, and time your ex-
posure as nearly according to the instructions as you can.
Caps.
There are two Caps for the Lens of the Kombi.
Tlme The first is the Time ErposlLre Cap,'It,is the eap
Exposure with the small opening. It is always used for time_ cap.
exposures.
The second is the snap-shot cap. rt is tbe cap with the large
Snap-ghq1 opening, it is used for snap-shot exposures, when
cap' the light is very bright and the atmosphere excep-
tionally clear.
Lens wfthout - The Naked, Lens (without cap) is used for snap_ cap' shot exposures in the sunlight, with an ordinarv
atmosphere.
Flash.Llght Exposures
There is a way of making what might be called snap-shot ex-
posures' by flash-light. rt is turning snap-shot photography
around. rnsteacl of snapping the latch, you ,,flash the light."
rt is to be done at night in a perfecily dark room. as follows::-
How to First arrange your subject, as if you were going to
"Flash the take a picture by daylight. Light." Point your Kombi.
Turn out the lights.
Open the Shutter. (Position 2, page 3.)
Take a Magnesium cartridge. Place it in a dish or tray exacily
above and a little behind Kombi.
Light the Cartridge. (It will flash up ancl go out.)
Spring the latch.
Turn on the light, and change surface of film, as usual.
Better results With proper care, the Kombi will give better ree_
with the ults by flash-light than many larger and much moreKombi.
oxpensivo camoras.
For price of Magnesium Cartridges, see price list.

View original page 10

Page 11 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
, Developing, Printlng, Etc.
Whon your film is full of picturos, the next thing is to have
the pictures dovoloped.
There are two ways of having this done: First, to Two way.s ol havingget us or someone else, to do it I Second, to do it it done.
vourself.
In the beginning, it will be best to send the film to us, or to
some practical photographer, to have it developed. The bect
Then, if your pictures clo not turn out right, you will tfJt'l3!r".
know it is the fault of the exposures.
First learn how to rnako proper exposures. After that, if you
wish, you can learn the art of developing.
To have your film devoloped by us, the best way is to send the
whole Kombi. Wrap carefully in heavy paper, and f,n"l*i,io,.address on the wrappor:
Frotn ALFRED C. KEMPER,
Nante 208.210 Lake Street, Howtosend.
Address CIIICAAO.
The postage will be eiglfi cents. Postage'
Write us a letter of instructions, giving Lhs number of your
Kombi, and enclose money order for the work you Tell ue
wish done (see Price List), includ,ing eight cents for Yl;til"rl".
return postage.
If you do not wish to send the whole
Kombi, you may, !y q:rtiiq Hl;:"!l: a Magazine, keep the Kombi Ii i"o..
and send only the Roll Holder with ex-
posed film. Tho Magazine Roll Holder
can be attached to Kombi, and You can
Fig. 6- KoMBr MAGAZTNE. be making another set of exposures
while we are developing the first. we can then re-load your
RolI Holder and send it to you, with the doveloped and printed

www.orphancameras.com

View original page 11

Page 12 · Read text

10 KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
pictures, and on its receipt, you can sencl us ilro Magazine rvith
the second set of exposures.
The Kombi is the oniy camera in the world, that has an extra
Magazine. (For prices, etc., seo price List.)
The cost of having 1'our pictures de'eloped by us, depends
altogether upon horv I'on ha'e taken the exposures. rf they ha'e
the o,rl fil*, !Jil,ll,"". been carefulll, tirned, above all, if, on you have macro alr tire exposures under about the
same conditions, and in iibout the same time, the cost of devel_
oping one film will be 1J cents.
rf the exposures have been m.cie u'cler different eonclitions,
and differently timed, and we have to cut tho film into pieces
and develop each pict'ro separately, the cost of de,.,eloping may
amount to 5 cents eaclt, gticture.
For 15 cents per strip of 25 pictures, $.e v-iil engage to de'elop
the strip (without cutting, or special treatment), so As to nako as
many perfect negatives as possible, from yorlr exposures. For
cost of printing. mounting, bu'rishing, etc., see price List.

Interior of the Kombl.
There are many peoplo wh' will rest co'tent wiilr the knou,-
ledge they have of the exterior of ilre Kornbi.
How is it If they can mirlie a goorl exposure, and have it de_with vou? velopecl ancl pri'tecr for thern, they are satisfiecl.
others will u'ant to k.orv how the Ko'rbi is nrade internally,
how it works, how it is loaded, and how ib is unloacied.
Thoso who rvant to do their own developing, printing, etc., will
lmue to know all this.
To learn it practically, take your Kombi (unloaded), sit down
at a table, and tako it apart. To do this, grasp rear ancl fr:ont
H_ow to tearn portion, oach in ono hand, and pull genti1,. (Seeabout it. illustration, Fig. 7.)

View original page 12

Page 13 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.

Fig. ?.-orENrNG ori cLosIN(; KolIBr.
We have alrettcly learnt about the working lrarts of the front
porLtort of the Kombi.
The rear portion, or R<-rll Holcler, contains the following parts:
Two Irilm Rollers (Nos. r and rr). Two !'ilm-Guide Rear portior-
Rollers. One Platen. One Mat. of Kombi.
The l,'iim Rollers are usetl, as their names implies, for rolling
tho film on. In loacling, the film is rolled on No. r, The Film
ancl, after making an exposure, that p<-rrtion of film Fitt'lf'dr1?:
upon which the exposure has been made, is rolled Rollers '
off No. r, on to No. rr, leaving a fresh surface of film for the next
exposure.
'Iho I,'ilm Guitle-Rollers act as guides for the film. .Ilre Platen is for stretching that portion of tho surfaco of the
film, upon which tho exposuro is to be made. The Plater.
The Mat determines tho boundaries and shape of The Mat.
the picture.
Familiarize yourself with theso various parts, and with their
position in the roli holder. Take them out and put Learn the
places of them back, several times, so tlrat, if necessary' you the parts' will be able to tako them all out, and put them back
with your eyes shut. This will enable you to wrrrk faster when
loacling or unloacling your Kourbi in tho dark room, and will en-
pble you, if you wish, to dispense with a lamp altogether'

www.orphancameras.com

View original page 13

Page 14 · Read text

KOMtsI F'HOTOGR,,\PHY.
                To Load the Kombi.
    We rr'itl stlppose tlrat )'ou no\\'tlrortrughl,v understand the
     u'orki'lg l)arrs of YOtlr I{,rmbi, antl lvlrere tirey belolg. The
 Thc Dark                     n est th ing is to be able to clo  ti  r e loariing. For Room'        this, )'otl ttiust liave iL tlark r.oolrr or closet, into       $'lt ic li              ligirt ctrntiot                                                   'Ih                                                          r.av                            e least                        lrenetrate.                                                             lamp-                                               of t.lir1'light,"                                                                                    'lrasserl     lig'ht,             c:auclleliglrt.                    or                          iurv light                              but                                                                              'nr-lricir                                                tlrat                                                                                                                                                               f ,,,o
    througll a I)rIIle of rrrbl'-rerl, 1'elktw or or:rnge giuss, rvill infallibll,
     spoil \'otrr sensitive filnr (lrncl this, rvhetl)er: ull exlx)s're h.s been
     ulatle on it or not), irntil it htrs been clevelopetl anri fixed.
     fn choosing a closet or tlark room, so in, closei ttre cloor, a1cl see
      if any iight comes in titt'otigh crricl<s or lievJrole. If  it dres, the
   room tvill uot tlo.  'flter safest \\-a\- is to u-or.k lr,v nigirt.  ff I.o'   hnYe a, ruby litttr1r, use ir very clim liglrt.   .'\11 1"o1 want, is enouglr
    ligh t to see u'h at  I'r  ) u Are rbi ng.  \y'r.l<   , y . icl<i1-.
    Once in tlre tlirrk l'o()tll, take llrc KontJri zrpart, ancl ail gre   parts out of tlre r.oil lrolrlcr'                           )
   except tlre trvo rollers.  ,I.irl<o
   the filrn out of its lraper cirsing.
       Trirrr tire entl taper.ing (I;,ig.ti').
    Turn  il lirp tolvar.cl ilre inner
    sicle 1lrig. S).
          f nsert into siit in roller No. r,
   rrnclu'ind up in  rlirection of
To roll up          irrro\\',  tlte   ittttr,r
the Filrn.       side of  roll      ct ttt
    (trig. tl). That part of roll lrokl_
   er projecting uI) on olrlrosi[e
   side of roller No. r, lius a rbcess,         --PRITPARING  FIL}T FOR  or gauge, olt its encl, just the             LOADING.
   width of fil*r.  In roiling ,p  filnr, let it pas* oyer this gauge,
  which $'ill lrelp )'ou to roll it evenly. (See illustration, Ilia. 10 )
     \\'hen opposite encl of filnr is reachecl, trim taperirrg like the    flrst encl. ancl insert in roller No. rr.

View original page 14

Page 15 · Read text

KUNlB] I'}ILIT()GRAT'H\'.





I''iu. 10.--usrN(.i c,\u(in \\'ririN LoADING.





     www.orphancameras.com

View original page 15

Page 16 · Read text

1-1                   KO,\,lRI PII( )'fT)GRAP}IY
    (]ive one ancl one-lrirlf tttrns of  rollol No.  lr, in rlirection  of
  ilrrow.
    (]ive two ol' threer tttrtts of t'oller No. I, in ol.4tosite clirection of
  ilrro\y, so as to loosen filnr, tlren
       f nse'rt Guicie-Roll€rrs 1)r,rteutlt, filnr.





                           Ilig. 11.- - rNsr,rti'J.rNG  nJ,A'r.FlN.
   Insert l'laten  ltenerrflr filrrr
 (I,'ig. 11).
   'lurn roller No. r irt rlilec-
  t ion of   il rro\\', u n t,il lilrri is
 stretched tight across the
 lrlaten.
  fnsert  lv rrt  ()r(:t. film.
 (I,'ig.  tr i).)
   Cllose l(ombi.
   Slrring the I-latcir, to r:losei
slrutter.
  I{ombi is nr,ru' lclarlecl,  rrntl
rearly' for. use.
  In inserting  ( luicltr lollers,    Ilig. 11. -srIO\\'rN(lTrrE  noT_.,r,ER  c,\sr.l
                                                                                          JrI L}I, A}il) IiI,i\l)\.be srlre tlrat ttre one rvitlr        r,o,\1)t,.1) \\'t.t.t{
                                                                                                                                                                                    i     .,\Cltt'k 1titt, is in position to           'l'oIi()llNI)I'I"1,  l\L\1'1l.III,l  nI^\.1,(iOI,ls   I N\\'I.fI{Irf,,\(,FlI,lA(tIlengage C l'tck-spt-/   tt 11.                  K( ),\I It l.

View original page 16

Page 17 · Read text

KO,rylBI PH0TOGRAPHY.                                  1.(





                   Itig. 13.- rl{snti'ulN(i }IAl ovER FrLNn
  In sliding out Mat, if ciick-pin is in t,tre way, turn roller a little,
to disengage it  1l.,'ig. 1+ ). rn lnserting Mat, place     The Mat.
one encl ttncler sltou Ider tlf spring end-plate, and press
the other encl into place 1t''ig. 13).





                           Irig. 14. RIiIlo\-rNG rrAT.
 A separate explanatioll as to how to unload will not be neces
sary, as anyone whg can loacl, rvill also kre able to un-        Unloading,
load the Kombi.
               Developing at Home.
  one of the chief pleasures of amateur photography  is in the
 cloveloping of the exposures.
  Once you have learned to make perfect exposurosr  if you have





                  www.orphancameras.com

View original page 17

Page 18 · Read text

r6 KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY.
the time it will bo worth your while to take up the question of
Developirrg and Printing yc,ur own pictures.
It ts as easy Kombi exposures can be developed as easily as the ra $ny other. exposures taken by other first_class cameras.
tr'or those who desire to do this work, we supply a complete
Developing ancl Printing outfit, which contains enough chem.
b00 pictures, and print g0.The icals, Puper, etc., to dovelop
used up, it wu not 3;L:fo'"* Nff:ni:ll;ff::;,"?."'"
This Developing and printing out8t is not a toy, but a prac-
tical and completo outfit, containing exacily the same chemicals
rt wilr and materials as usod by ourselves in developing and
guaranteed to do the work if you li"".Ir.l"":, printing. ft is
u'ill follow our inst.rctions. with proper care, aB
good work should be done, as that of any good photographer.
Iror price and full description,.see price List.
IIow to Develop
First, prepare your chemicals, as follows:
- For Developing Bath.
Fill tray No. 1, with clear. coltl water (about bOo F.), to rnark
Devetoptng shown on insido of tray. Put in one package ofPowder. Developer, (two powders,) and rock tray until powd-
ers are dissolved.
For Fixing Bath.
Fill tray No. 2 with clear, cold water, to mark shown. and dis-
Hypo. solve iu it a heaped tablespoonful of Hypo.
water. Now take your lamp, Kombi, a basin ancl pitcherLamp, filled with cold wator and the Developing and FixingKombl' Baths into the dark room with you.
If you have ple'ty of room, you rDay take the whole outfit in
with you, and stand it on a convenient table or shelf.

View original page 18

Page 19 · Read text

PHOTOGRAPHY. r7I KOMBI
Closo door; stop up all openings which let, in ctoec Door.
I Iight. Light ruby lamp, and place,;vith light turned toward you, on
table or sbelf at least eightden inches away from Light Lamp.
where you are going to work.
Unload Kornbi, as per instructiols above. Place S]nloadKombi. lilur in basin of water,-ancl soak until limp.
Place fihn in tray No. 1, or dbveloping bath, sensitized side up,
ancl draw through bath, ]:ack and forth, as shown in ptace Fitm
illustration (Irig. l-5). Move continuously, to keep in bevelope..
entire strip well moistened with developer.

Ei[. 15.-oRAlv'rNG FrLM THRoucH DEVELoPER'
T Do not Fluch sensitizbd sido u'ith your fingers, but handle
I enrfuIn frorncardfflly10 toat20its seconds,edges. the pictures will b_egin.!9€pPc1l*
Tho light€ will appear first, as dark tpo$1$.$e,fiIm; now oirtirlb Then in apout two minutes, the sl*dow6'will iievelgp. will itpea/.
You-sbould watch the proceos ft;lgvelopmerl,elof
liftingtlu, out of'bath, and holdinli;'fu.t1qeeti''iour watch film developing' b lamp (Fig.16). Don't rrorafr'trearlar5tp,
"y" "id-tttqbf long out of developer. It will ta'ke from five nor
to tent frrnutes to completo the process of doveloping. liT;.8"1t '"
Let develoni{S ro on, until the shadows are clearly
seen, aDd detailb have come out strongly. When the

www.orphancameras.com

View original page 19

Page 20 · Read text

1S KOMBI PHOTOGRAI-'FIY.
high liglrts (the darl< Ix)rtions) see rrl to I r a ve come through the
opnosite sicler of lilrn, lricture is f u 1ly developed.
O rer-rle rt,lopnrcttt nraires the
r'()sulting negutive dim and
dense. \Yhile not
Dense aotually spoiling Negatives.
tlie negative, it
lt ):ikes il, \-er)' sion' to print
I lc,ltti.
('ntler-tlerel,opt)t(ttf makes
tlre negative briglrt, but w'ith-
out cietails. I\fost I,'ig. I6.Negatives
without arna.tc,tr rs u ncler- \IIEWING FILM DEVI'LOPING.detail. tf owto prel'ent. clevelolr their pictures. To prevent, this, it is better
to lelrve the lilnr in the cleveloping bath until it
is jLrst u little denser tlrirn )'ou ivish to hur"e it llre firing bath
n'ill brighten if np ir little.
(-ttrler-rle rttlrtlrccl negrttives ctrn be curerl' over ilevelopetl nega-
ti ves nr ust be entl tr rerl. We oa n supply an _[ t tte nst-lntensiff ingu nder= Jier r.vhich strerrgthens, or intensifies, weak, und,er_
developed tle'relolterl, rregatiyes (n-lricii how'ever rs not safe fornegatives.
cliiltlren to handle.)
If the picttrres on one film have been taken in different lights,
and with different exposures, those taken in bright light, and
with longer exposure, will be developed before th6se
taken in dim light, and w ith shorter exposure. In
such a case, a practieed operator may cut off those
pict.ures already developed, and proceed to wash and fix them,
while the others remain in the developing bath, until completely
developed (F ig. l7\. The novice will find this, however, no easy
task, and ther best way for him is to let the pictures go which
first flash uP, and take most pains with those which develop
slower.
ouer'erposed pictures develop quickly, but produee weak nega-

View original page 20

Page 21 · Read text

K (],\1BI F'LtO'f OGR A PH }'   .
tives, without contrast bet\\'eell lights anrl shades.  I f
very muclr o\rer-exposed, the  negat,ive ..1'ill be per-        Negatives,Black
 f ectlv bl ack.





             Fig. 17.- *Dr,l\'frI-oI'rl{('l Frr,}t \yrIEN cL'r'T.
   (ln,der-enposed pictul'es J)roclur:e strong contrasts, but show no
details in shaclols. If  ver\: uruch uncier-exposecl,  Btank
there will be no pieture at all.                                  Negatives.
                      Washing.
  When the n6-.gative lrits been su fliciently' developetl, rinse thor'-
oughiy in tlrree chfl,nges of  f reslr n'ater, in yor"rr basin.
                         Fixing.
  Place the film in tray No. 2, cont:rrning )'our Il1'po. J)rarv it
ba:k ttttd f'ortlr throtrglr birtlr in tlre siur)Lr \\'a"\'trs \'on
have rlone in cler-eloping (l"ig. lir).   I'h is shoulci lre         fii;nl":ltr.
tlone until there ilre no r,r-irite or- niiikl, slrots on tlro
negatives.  'I'he operation n'il1 tirke rrlrout ten niin-
 rul ers. When fixeii, the negative ('an no ionger be    lT;rutes.
irarmed by light.
                    Washing.
  After liring, the negatil'e slroril< I lltroroughly  rn'as]retl ir] se\'-
eral chauges of  f resir, coldwrnter', or lrre{e'r'iibi1' uncler   wash out
a running tap, for trbout 30 uiin rrtes, to t'enrove  t he       ll.vpo.
If,vpo. '1'he ieast trur:er of II)'po lefb on tlre plate u'iil.      l-iTii,rur"r.
rn a short titne. destrol' the 1ilrn.





                   www.orphancameras.com

View original page 21

Page 22 · Read text

KOMBI PHOTOGRAPHY
Soaking and Drying.
Tho filnr must norv be soaked for about 5 minutes in the Soak-
ing Solution. This may be done in any clean gl:lss or porcelain
vessel. 'l'hen fas[en the film rvith pins to tho wall,Soaklng Solution. the clull side out, ancl let it hang until thoroughly
d.)'. Soaking is to prevent the filnr from curlins
while drying.
Rules for Developing, etc,
The Developing, Fixing and Soaking Solutions, may all be
used several tirnes over. The nevelopiug solution u'ill give oui,
firstl next, tho Frxing Solution; and tho Soaking your e^l if kept clean, nay be used almost in-sotutions.Keep --,ution,
definitely.
Keep your solutions in porfectly clean, tightly corked, bottles.
Never rnix tbem, and see that even tho corks are not changecr.
Use tray No. 1 for developing and tray No. 2 for
Don't mix nxlngA-j antl for no other purposo. Use the same trayi;;y;.""^
always for the sanle purpose.
The least trace of l-iring Solution will spoil your Developer,
oven that coming off your fingers if clippecl from one bath into tho
other. If your fingers hirver been dipperl into lixingDon't mix l-^+ -.,h, u'ash and rinse theur. thoroughly before cloingSotutions.
any more developing.
Label frabel your bottles ancl your trays, to prevent allEverything.
possiblo mistakes.
Printing.
Take one of the masks frrrnished rvith the outfit (Fig. 1g). Cut
l,he negatives apart. Fasten tho negatives sicle by sido to the
rnask by nreans of the gummed strips. See that the
#J-t:ru. rlull sicle of each negative is turnecl toward the mask.
Select negatives as nearly as possible of the same
density, that they may print in about tho same lengilr of time.

View original page 22

Document details

Search available document text