Film cameras
Leica R4s User manual
User manual for Leica R4s. 43 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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Document details
- Brand
- Leica
- Model / document
- Leica R4s
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 43
- File size
- 4.0 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 3 · Read text
UTLEICA(1913) LETCAI (1925) LETCAil 0932)
Oskar Barnack's prototype The first LEICAcamera manufacturedin series wilh interchangeablelensesand built-inrange finder
LETCAilrf (1950) LETCAtvt3 (1954) LErCA M 4-P (1980)
with f lash synchronization rangefinder with illuminatedf reldsof view and bayonetmou nt six viewfinderframes and motor capability
LEICAFLEX(1965) LETCAFLEXSL (1968) LEICAR3 (1976)with lwo exposure
The first singlelens reflexLEICAcamera with selective.throughthe lens.exposure measuring measuringmethods: integratedand selective
www.orphancameras.comView original page 3Page 4 · Read text
The LEICAcamera started the era of 35 mm photography
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Oskar Barnack Inventorof the LEICAcamera These are Oskar Barnack'sinitialdesiqn sketches
Theoriginalideafor the LEICAdesign At the Leipzigfair in 1925the firstpro- optical performance, dependability
was rathersimpleand logicalwhichis ductionmodelwasshownandcaused and long life.The LEICAR4s MOD.P
so often the case with an ingenious a sensation.Reportersbeganto deve- continuesthis tradition.The name Leitz
idea.OskarBarnack,theheadof thede- lop modernphotojournalismwith the guaranteesit.
sign developmentdepartmentof the LEICAcameraandlaunchingthebegin-
Ernst Leitz Optical Works Wetzlar, ningsof the photo journalismpress.
neededsamplesof film exposurefor Amateursdiscoveredthe easeof pho-
hismotionpicturecamera.Theenlarg- tographywith the LEICAcameraand
rngresultsf rom hismotionpicturefilms the world of photographyhad been
encouragedhim to continuework on changed.
the developmentof a pocketcamera. EachLEICAcameramodelwhichen-
He simplydoubledthe framesizeto teredthe marketso far broughtnewad-
24x36mmandthusthe Ur-LElCA,with vances.Todayas well as in the begin- Leitz meansprecision
the now classicminiaturefilm format, ning,the nameLEICAis synonymous Worldwide.
wasborn. with quickand easyhandling,highestView original page 4Page 5 · Read text
Specialfeaturesof the LEICAR4s MOD.P
TheLEICAR4sMOD.Pwasdesignedto TheR4sMOD.P acceptsallLeitz Attachablemotor winder and
meet the extreme demandsof the interchangeablereflex lenses motordriveenhancethepossibi-
workingprofessional.lt isan electronic with focal lengthsfrom 15 to litiesof dynamicphotography.
SLRwiththreeexposuremodes:aper- B00mmand every reflexacces-
ture prioritywith full field metering, sory. TheR4sMOD.P hasa newexpo-
apertureprioritywith spot metering, sureoverridemechanismfor use
andmanualoperationwithspotmeter- Five interchangeablefocusing withthe camera'stwo automatic
ing.Switchingfromspotto fullfieldme- screenspermitoptimumperfor- modes.Thisdevicepermitsfast,
teringis rapid. manceof the camera. easy"bracketing"whileshooting
intheaperture-priorityautomatic
modes(+ 2to - 2 f/stoprangein
1/3f/stopincrements).
The selectedshutterspeed in
manualmode is shown in the
viewfinder.
The mode selectorswitchhasa
new 2-touchlock. o
New "highprofile"designof the
rewindknob and shutterspeed o dialmakesfor fasterhandling.
Theworldwide warrantymeans
quick and dependabletrouble
shooting, maintenance and,
when necessary,repair via 120
Leitzagenciesand a strongnet-
work of cameradealers.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 5Page 6 · Read text
A camerawhichretainsits value
At Leitzthereis a departmentcalledLeitzQualityAssurance.lt establishesthestandards
whichmustbe metby everysampleof eachproduct.Theapprovalof QualityAssurance
is requiredbeforeany prototypecan be put into production,and the productionseries
is alsotestedat everystep.QualityAssurancedoesnot answerto the design,manufac
turing,or marketingdepartments,but onlyto top management.
lf a test sampleshowsafter100.000shutterreleasesonlythe slightestirregularity,the
entireproductionis retested."Madeby Leitz"hastraditionallystoodfor the highestquality
standards.This is why the LEICAcamerais not simplylacqueredblack, 6.Jf.
insteadit is blackchromiumplatedin accordancewith a special,Leitz
developed,procedure.Becausea LEICAcamerashouldnotonlylooknew
when new but alsoafter manyyearsof use.
Qualityis apparentin the smalldetails.One hearsit whenthe lenssnaps
in and locksinto the hardchromedbayonetmount.One noticesit
whenthefocusingmountglidessmoothlyduring
focusingand bringsthe pictureeasilyand softly
intosharpfocus.Theultrasmoothreleaseaction
testifiesto the quality,the precisionmaterialand
the workmanshipusedin the camera.
TheLElCAfeelisdifficulttodescribe.Onesimply
has to take the camerainto one's hands.This
will quicklyprovethat it is not only beautifulfor
its own sake,but becauseit was builtresolutely
for hard usage.
- It is a tool buta fascinatingone.View original page 6Page 7 · Read text
-lntegratingand selective
a guaranteefor successfulexposures
Without taking the eye from the camera,a quick change-over
from one measuring method to another may be accomp-
o I ished
Schematicdrawing of the Leitz largefieldintegratingmeas- Schematicdrawing of the Leitz selectivemeasuringmethod
uring method cannot deal successfullywith every
lightingcondition;specialconditions
requirespecialmeasuringmethods.
Therefore,the LEICAR4s MOD.P has
Everyphotographerknowsthe prob- sary to exposeone or eventwo steps two exposuremeasuringmethods:
lems"Whatwouldbe thecorrectexpo- aboveor belownormal?... or,was not A centerweightedlargefield integrat-
sure?" there somethingelse to consider?In ing methodfor all sceneswith normal
A neverto be repeatedevent,against thisway manya pictureis lost. lightingconditions.
the light,showingdramaticshadowsin Automaticexposuredeterminationis And, as somethingextra,the Leitzse-
the leftforeground,one mustreactin a nothing new anymore.That is as it lectivemeasuringmethod,which al-
fractionof a secondand measurethe shouldbe.Thelessthe photographeris lows measuringa specific,important
exposureaccurately...and yet the involvedin technicaldetails,the more portionof the scene,and isthusableto
questionremains:shouldthe automa- he can concentratein the scene. deal with even difficultlightingcondi-
tic settingexposeat will?Or is it neces- However,a simpleautomaticsystem tions.
6 www.orphancameras.comView original page 7Page 8 · Read text
Photographywith ease using the largefieldintegratingmeasuring method Inmanycasestheintegratingmethodis Measuringrange: the correctand dependableone.True O,25cdlmzto 63.000cd/mzaIfll.4and in allcasesif thereareno extremelight- ISO100/21'.Exposurevaluesof +1 EV andcolorcontrasts,no heavyshadows to *19 EV or openingf 1.411sec.to andwhenthe brightand darkportions f 22l1AoooSec. of the subjectare abouteven.The ex- posuremeternowregisterstheresultof the entireimagearea. Sinceusuallythe importantdetailis in the center,the measurementis center- weighted.View original page 8
Page 9 · Read text
Evendifficult lightingconditionscan be mastered with the selectivemeasuringmethod Unusualphotosaregenerallymadeun- importantimageportionand release Measuringrange:der uncommonand difficultlighting the shutter.Theexposuretimewillcon- conditions- againstthe lightscenes, siderin itsexposuredeterminationonly 1cdlm2 to 63.000cdlm2attl.4and ISO sidelight,spotlightedscenes- etc.This thatportionwhichlieswithinthe circle, 1OOl21o.Exposurevaluesfrom * 3 EV to 19 EV or opening f 1.4l1lqsec to fis the strongpointof the Leitzselective regardlessof what occurswithinthe 2211ltooosec.measurementmethod.Scenesbefore restof the viewfinderarea. a brightor verydarkbackground,a por- traitagainstthe light,the viewthrough an archedgate,open lightsources- theseare no problemsfor the LEICA R4s MOD.P. The measurementarea correspondsto the centralcirclein the viewfinder.Usethiscircleto aimfor the B www.orphancameras.comView original page 9
Page 10 · Read text
Optimumpictureframing with measuredvaluestorage The selectivemeasurementmethod, Measuringselectively,value storage, perse,isan excellentfeature,butthisis determinationof the desiredoicture notall.Frequently,theselectivelymeas- area and shutterreleaseare done so ureddetaildoesnot reallybelonginthe quicklyand easilythat the photogra- middle.lt is for this reasonthat the phercancarryoutthesef unctionsafter measuredvaluecan be storedfor 30 a shorttimealmostunconsciously.Ob- seconds by depressingthe shutter viously,thisis the bestprerequisitefor releasebuttonuntilthemodesymbolat optimumpicturecompositionandper- the lower left is extinguished.There- fect exoosurewithouttechnicalprob- afterthe desiredpictureframemay be lems. chosenin goodtimeandtheshutterre- leasedunderthe predeterminedexpo- surevalue.View original page 10
Page 11 · Read text
The vievWinderas a composition
and controlcenter
Theviewfindershowsallthatis neces- Thecamerafunctionsareshownat the Thisoperatescontinuouslyand so ac-
saryto composeand focusthe scene. bordersof the viewfinderimage. curately,that it may eventurnout to be
Evenwhenlightingispoorthefinderim- Below,leftanilluminated6 signalsthat r/gsthof a second. In this case two
age is brilliantand bright.Interchange- the camerais set on automaticshutter diodeswill lightup,the one for 1,/ooand
ablefocusingscreensareavailablefor speedcontroland selectiveexposure the one for r,425sec.
quickand accurateframingto suitdif- measurement. Shouldit be too dark or too brightfor
ferenttasks.A prerequisitefor usingthe The preselecteddiaphragmsettingis the chosendiaphragmsetting,a trian-
LEICAlensesto theirmaximumooten- displayedin the centerbelow. gularsymbolshowsaboveor belowthe
tial. On the righthandsideof theviewfinder shutterspeedscaleindicatingover- or
borderan illuminateddiodeshowsthe under-exposure.The lens openingis
exposuretime,formed automatically theneitheropenedor closedfurther.
basedon the preselecteddiaphragm.
The illustrationsshow the universalfocusinoscreen
Split wedge Ring with rectangular prism screen Matte surroundings
When the image is out of focus,the edges and The centralsplit-wedgeis surroundedby a rec- Here the image is best focused with long focal
horizontallines of the object are actuallydis- tangular prism screen Flickeringclearly indi- lengthlensesand in the near-focusingrange
placed cates the out of focus position
1 0 www.orphancameras.comView original page 11Page 14 · Read text
Specialtechnicaldetails
Electronic Self Timer Multiple Exposures Data Back DB LEICA R4
Runningtime is approximately8sec. A blinking Depressingthe rewind button disengagesthe The data back enablesthe userto recorddata di-
LEDsignalsits operation,changingto a constant film transport.The shuttercan now be wound by rectly on the film. Negativesor transparencies
signal2 sec. before the shutter is tripped operatingthe rapid winding lever without trans- may be given letter or numericalcodes; a valu-
porting the film forward.At the end of the travel able feature when one wishes to serialize a
the rewind button will re-set automatically.lf group of pictures.Such data may also be valu-
more than two exoosuresare to be made on the able to reconstructspecific phasesor events in
same film frame, the rewind button must be de- effect at the time the oictures were taken. The
pressed anew before winding the shutter. opportunitiesare many: Whether taking family
picturesor one wishes to record variousstages
duringthe buildingof a home,or for experimen-
tal photographyin the laboratory,the data back
Film and Battery Test allows the identificationof the photographposi-
tively and conveniently.Data back DB R4 can beA window in the camera back shows clearly if Depth of Field Preview Lever iserted in olace of the back of the camera andand with whatfilm the camera is loaded.Fortest- connected by means of a cable to the flash con-ing the batterycondition,simplydepressthe test To check the deoth of field for a certainf-value, tact of the camera.button.lf the red controllamp lightsup, the batte- the depth of field preview lever, easily acces-
ries are o k sible, is used.
FJ
(/3
1 QView original page 14Page 16 · Read text
Photoseouencesof 2 frames oer sec. are oossiblewith the motor winder.The motordrivehasa4framepersec.capa- bility but can also be switched Io 2 framesper second or singleexposure. A convenientswitch permitsselecting the 2 f rameper sec.sequencewhileex- posing.All shutterspeedscan be used. The motor winder uses 6, the motor drive 10,standardalkalinebatteriesor rechargeableNiCadbatterres.Theywill .lexposeapproximately50 filmswith 36 frames at 20oC.The battery housings are interchangeablein seconds.In ex- tremecold,the housingcan be kept bo- dywarm and connected to the motor winderormotordriveviatheadapterby remote control connection. Also,especiallyduring cold weather, it is of greatadvantagethatthepower supplyof the motor winderand mo- tor drivewhen connectedto the ca- mera,furnishesthe currentsupply for the cameraas well.Singlef rame ohotosare made via the camerare- lease.series ohotos via the win- der motor releaseor via electrical cable and control units.After 36 exoosuresboth motor windersare turned off automaticallv And one more point.Evenwhen the camerais operatedby motorwinder or motor drive exceot for the nor- mal shutternoise there is hardly any other noise.Winder and drive are hardlyaudible Ex- periencedphotographers, and especially profes- sionals,appreciatethe valueof this feature.View original page 16
Page 17 · Read text
MOTOR-WINDERR4 and MOTOR-DRIVER4.
Robustmechanism,easyhandling
Adapter for external supply
When it is very cold the currentsupply
for the motor winder,motor driveand
the cameramay take place"out of the
pocket" via adapter,where batteries/
MOTOR-WINDERR4: Tripod Holder NC are kept underbody-warmtempe- rature.Motorizedfilm transportand shutter Usedfor holdingthe camerawith long The battery/NChousingsof motorwin-wind.Singlepictureand seriesphotos lensesandmotorwindersteadyon atri- der or motordriveare interchangeablup to two shotsper sec. pod. Rigiddesignwith two convenient inseconds.A replacementhousingwith140mm long,40mm high,50 mm depth, connectingscrews. batteriesprovidesadditionalsecurityweight:2259 withoutbatteries. when used constantly.(ln continuous
use,in the cold,for expeditionsetc.)
MOTOR-DRIVER4:
Motorizedfilm transportand shutter
wind.Singlepictureand seriesphotos
up to 4 shotsper second,switchover
trom 2 picturesper sec.to singlepho-
tos.
140mmlong,45mmhigh,61mm depth,
weight3209 withoutbatteries.
1 6 www.orphancameras.comView original page 17Page 18 · Read text
MOTOR-WINDERR4 and MOIOR-DRIVER4 in combinationwith the RC LEICAR TheelectronicremotecontrolunitRC LEICAR with motorwinderand motor driveoffersa numberof delightfulpos- sibilities.lt servesas remotereleasein conjunctionwiththe automationof the cameraandopensup newdimensions of photography.Manyof theseintrigu- ing possibilitieswill be coveredin the followingpages. Thecontrolunitfitscomfortablyin one hand.lt canbe operatedeitherwiththe lefthandor therighthand.Allfunctional elementsare arrangedon top. Usingthe remotecontrolunit,the ca- meramay be releasedeithermanually or automatically.After release,a lumi- nousdigitaldisplayprovidesthe feed- backfromthecamera.Thedoubledigit 9 mmdisplayclearlyindicateswhenthe exposureis completed;furthermore, the numberof completedexposures can be verifiedfromthe samedisplay.lf exposureshavepreviouslybeenmade withoutthecontrolunit,an in-putbutton is providedto set the unit correctly.lf, for instance,12 exposureshave pre- viouslybeenmade,the controlunitwill showa readingof 13 afteradjustment. Ontheautomaticmodetherangeof re- leaseintervalsis from one frameevery 0,5sec.to a frameevery10 minutes.The rntervalmay be adjustedcontinuously. With the settingat "test" the desired time intervals may be determined exactlywithout trippingthe camera shutter.The releaseimpulsethen be- comesvisiblewhenthe righthanddeci- malpointin the displaylightsup. The current supply of the remote controlunit comesfrom the batteries/ NCof the motorwinderor motordrive.View original page 18
Page 19 · Read text
The manyfacets of the LEICAR-system
Remote release
via RemoteControlLEICAR4.
The electronicremotereleasewith si-
multaneousfunctioncontrolanddigital
feedbackdisplayfrom the camera is
the bestsolutionfor controlledremote
release.
Automatic Interval Control
For pre-programmedshutterrelease,
the RCLEICAR controlunitoffersinter-
val variationsbetween0.5 to approx.
Remote release 600sec.; this is a useful exposure
with electriccablerelease. range: every 1/zsec.or up to every
A 5 meter long cable,in combination 10min.Applications:growth studies,
withextensioncablesisthesimplestre- blossomingsequenceof flowers,seed
mote releasedevice and is recom- germination,root development,docu-
mendedwhen no functioncontrol of mentationas for instancedetermining
thecamerais necessary.lt hasa thread- trafficdensitiesat differenttimes,esca-
ed plugandcanbe extendedviaa cable lator capacity in departmentstores,
of 25 metersup to a maximumlengthof train terminalsetc., security surveil-
100meters.Thevariousremoterelease lanceat exhibits,trafficflow in depart-
accessoriesof the motor winder and ment stores,monitoringof machines
motordrivecan be usedin thismanner. andtheircontrols.
1 8 www.orphancameras.comView original page 19Page 20 · Read text
Multipleexposure
Usingthe LEICAR4s MOD P with re-
mote controlunitsimplifiesmultipleex-
posures.lt is easy to show the various
stagesof the moon on the same frame.
All moving sequenceswhich appear
againsta dark background,offer good
opportunities,not to mention the inte-
restingeffectsof doubleor multipleex-
posuresof persons.Reallysomething
for the creativephotographer.
1 9View original page 20Page 21 · Read text
LEICAR-lenses
an effectivecut-off of the ultraviolet Common,outstandingfeatures
rays of light.This also assuresthat all of all LEICAR-lenses: Leitz lensesmaintainthe same color
balance. 1. The rotation direction of the helicalfocusing
mount of the lens and diaphragmclick-stopsare
matched and adjusted for optimum control at
What does the photographer extremely high or low temperatures.
gain from this extra effort? 2. Positioningis the same for all lenses.
Keepthe sunat yourback,setthe lens
to f/8 andtheexposuretimeto r,4zsisan 3.so Allas lensto functionparts areperfectlyprotectedin nearlyagainstallcorrosionclimatic
old recipewhich is sometimesquite conditions
correct.Butunusualphotosarecreated
LEICAR-lenses can be used at temoeratures differently.Shootingagainstthe light, 4. between - 25 and degrees + 60 C for instance,and with the lens fully triction. without res-
open,so as to locatethe areaof sharp-
nessaccuratelywithinmillimeters.And 5. To resist blows or impact, the lensesare de-
now you will see what Leitzlensesare signedto withstandup to 100x their gravitational
capableof. Sharpness"to the point", force.may occurThis isasequallya resultimportantof the variousfor blowsmethodswhichof
highcontrastand greatresolvingpow- transoortation.
er are the strengthsof LEICAphotos.
Thelargestlensopeningcanbe chosen 6. The auto diaphragm runs on ball bearings
withoutreservation,it is a fullyuseable Thesettingclosingis maximumtime f rom40f ullmillisecondsapertureto it'ssmallest
workingaperture.
Themechanicalfeaturesof the lensdo 7. The auto diaphragmwill show no noticeable
not trailbehindthe optics.The helical wear after more than 50,000 releases
focusingmount,for instance,brassto 8. The large LEICAbayonet is mechanicallyro-
aluminium,is individuallygroupedto bust and guaranteesinstantand reliableseating
oneanother.Therefore,a light,specially of the lens.
developed,grease,spreadthinly,issuf- 9. All lensesmay be placed uprightwithout lens
ficientto allowsmooth,jerkfreefocus- cover. There are no protruding control levers
Thedesignanddevelopmentofa lensis ing even underunusualtemperatures which could be bent out of shaoe.
an intriguingscience.Largemainframe and hard daily use.Leitzlensesretain
computershaveopenedways to opti- their efficiencyand sure-functionde- 10.withAllfrontLEICAand R-lensesback coversaretogethersuppliedwithroutinelya lens
mize all propertiesof opticalglassso pendabilityfor decades. hood made to fit individuallv
that the limitsof physicalpossibilities
arenowachievable.Careful"timing"of
anti-reflectioncoatings to particular
glass-typesassuresalmost100%light
transmissionwithin the entirevisible
spectralrange.Special"Absorban"ce-
mentlayersusedin Leitzlensescauses
20 www.orphancameras.comView original page 21Page 22 · Read text
I
\
The Leitz glass-researchlaboratory melts speciai glasses using rare earths, and is largely Ultra-purityisaprerequisitelormeltingsuperioropticalglassThismeltingcruciblemightwellb
responsiblefor the excellentcharacteristicsof LEICAlenses one of the most valuableof its type lt is made of pure platinum
Of the 600 world known types of glass for lenses,prisms and filters Leitz maintains350 per The carefullymatched anti-reflectioncoatings for each of the highly refractiveglassesused
manentlyin stock assuresalmost 100% light transmissionwithin the entire visiblespectralrange
z lView original page 22Page 23 · Read text
Pictorialcompositionmade easy
with the comprehensiveLEICAR-system
The rangeof LEICAR-lensesextendsfrom the 15mm ultrawide-angleto the 800mm tele-
photolens.
Withtheselensesthe photographercan selectany segmentof hissubjectusinga given
cameraposition,on by alteringhis positionachievevariationin perspective.Theseare
two importantcriteriafor creativepictorialcomposition.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 23Page 24 · Read text
Comparisonof focal lengths Perspectivecomparison The upper row of pictures shows the comparisonof focal lengths.When photographingfrom a given Withthe15mm lensthebackgroundre- The photographer'spositionwas notpointonlythe subjectfieldand image cedesfurtherintothe distance.Usinga changed;notetheperspectiverelationsizearechangedby changingthefocal 400mm one can bringit forwardright ship of the subjectwithinthe picturelength,but not the perspective. up to the objectin theforeground.Per- area.Theoretically,it mightbe possibleto en- spectivechangesare particularlyno- The bottomrowof picturesshowsthelargea superwide-anglepictureto any ticeablewhen extremelyshort or ex- comparisonof perspective.desiredimagesize,butthiswouldbring tremely long focal length lensesare The photographer'sposition wasreductionin picturequalityas a conse- used. changedso that the primarysubjectouence. showsup alwaysin the samesize,whileWhentakingslidesit isalwaysdesirable its relationshipto the backgroundto fill the frame,becausesubsequent, changeswiththefocallengthof thelenssectional,enlargementsare usuallynot used.oossible.View original page 24
Page 25 · Read text
The extremewide-anglerange
L.=-
15mm SUPER-ELMAR-Rf/3.5 16 mm FISHEYE-ELMARIT-Rf/2.8 19mm ELMARIT'-Rl/2.8
Especiallysuitedfor landscapes,architectural For unusual image formation.Straightlines will Usingthishighspeedsuperwide-anglelensap-
and fashionphotography,with unusualeffects be straightonly as long as they run through the preciablyimprovesthe picturecontent The
andfor oicturesof modelswhichareto transmit image center.The barreldistortionbecomesthe shortfocusdistanceof 30cm for closeup pic-
an imoressionof realism. more oronouncedthe more the linesare located turesfavorsstrikingperspectiveconditions
toward the edge.The entirepictureframeisfilled
within the oblong camera format.
21mm SUPER-ANGULON@-Rf/4 24mm ELMARIT-Rtl2.8
Thislensexhibitsexcellentdefinitionandevenil- ldealfor photo journalisticpurposeswithin limit-
luminationoverthe entirepicturearea.lt offers ed space and for pictureswith unusualperspec-
dramaticeffectsof compositionwith a promi- tive. lts "floating elements" assure excellent
nent foreground,recedingbackgroundand a image quality over the entire focusing range,
broadhorizon especiallyclose-up.
24 www.orphancameras.comView original page 25From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
Check the model and edition against your equipment.
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