Nikon Speedlight SB-22S User manual

Nikon





                       InstructionManual                                          tr
                                                                        T8D1000102(5418)rl


Foreword
CongratulationsYou are now the proud ownerof the NikonAutofocusSpeedlight
SB-22s,a flash unit offeringcompact designand easy operation.With a powerfulflash
output(GN 28 at ISO 100,m), the SB-22scan be used not onlyfor shootingin dimlylit
interiorsor outsideat night,but for daylightfill-inflash The SB-22sfeaturesthreeflash
modes:TTL Auto, Non-TTLAuto, and Manual In the Non-TTLAuto mode,you have a
choiceof fourshootingaperturesat A1, A2, A3 and 44 Otheradvancedflash
capabilitiesincludeBounce,Close-up,and MultipleFlash To get the mostout of your
new flash unit,pleaseread this manualbeforeuse

 o Make some test shots
Beforetakingimportantflash photographs,make some test shotsto ascertainthe
SB-22sis workingproperly
oUse only Nikon-approvedequipment
The SB-22sis designedfor use with Nikoncameras,lenses,and accessories
-Using camerasor accessoriesotherthan those specifiedby Nikonmay damage
  the sB-22s
-Nikon       cannotbe held responsiblefor malfunctionscaused by usingthe SB-22sin
  ways not specifiedin thismanual,or usingthe SB-22switha cameramade by
  anothermanufacturer

Speedlightparts      Note:Settingrangepanelpositionsbelowandmayscalesdiffershownfromthoseon theinapertureisho6ii^sactualoperation.dffiilff





          1 5
          1 6
          1 7
        18
        19
        20
        21
        22
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1  Batterychamberlid indices              15 Flashmode indicatorLED
  2  Bounceangle indicators                16 Flashmode selector
  3  Batterychamberlid                    17 Filmspeed (lSO)scale
  4  Mountingfoot lock nut                  18 Filmspeed (lSO)selector
  5  Mountingfoot                        19 Filmspeed (lSO)index
  6  Flashhead                           20 Aperturescale (for non-TTLmode)
  7  AF assistilluminatorLED window          21 Aperturescale
     I   Lightsensorfor non-TTLauto flash        22 BOUNCEindicatorLED
      operalron                           23 POWERswitch
     I  Mountpin (for camerasfeaturinga safety   24 Flashshootingdistancerange
      lock system)                                 indicators
  10 Hot-shoecontacts                    25 Distancescale (meters/feet)
  11 Wide flashadapterlock releasebutton     26 Angleof coverage(N-35mmM-2Bmm)
  12 Sync/multipleflashterminal                  indexwindows
  13  Built-inwide flashadapter               27 Ready-light
  14 Aperture/shootingdistancerangepanel     28 FLASHbutton


  No reproductionin anyformof thismanual,in wholeor in part(exceptfor briefquotationin critical
  articlesor reviews),maybe madewithoutwrittenauthorizationfromNIKONCORPORATION.
 NIKONCORPORATION
  FUJIBLDG, 2-3,MARUNOUCHI3-CHOME,CHIYODA-KU,TOKYO1OO-8331,JAPAN



Printpdin lanan

Set the SB-22s'sPOWER switchto OFF, then slidedown the battery1 chamberlid in the directionof the arrow and lift it off.





    Installfour penlightbatteriesfollowingthe + and - symbolsinsidethe2 chamber.Reattachthe batterychamberlid by aligningthe indiceson the
    lid and flash unit and slidingit up as far as it will go.





   oFour penlightbatteriesof any of the followingtypes may be used:
  @ nR-typezinc-carbon@ nn-typealkaline-manganese@ AA{ypeNiCd
     (rechargeable)@ AA-typeNi-MH(Nickel-MetalHydride)(rechargeable)
  @ AR+ype(1.5V)lithium
     Formoreinformationon batteries,referto "Noteson Batteries."
  CAUTION
   oWhen replacingbatteries,replaceall four batteriesat the same time,do not mix
      batterytypes or brands,do not use old with new batteries,and neverreverse
     the polarityof the batterieswhen installing.Otherwise,the batteriesmay catch
     on fire or explode,due to the possibleleakageof corrosiveliquids.
    oln the eventthat corrosiveliquidsdo seep from the batteries,avoidtouchingthe
      liquids.Certaintypes of batteriescontainstrongalkalineliquids.lf the alkaline
      liquidsstickto your skin or clothes,wash immediatelywith runningwater.
   Loosenthe SB-22s'smountingfootlocknutO. Slidethe SB-22sintothe3 camera'saccessoryshoe@ and tightenthe locknut @.





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Setthe SB-zzs'sPOWERswitchto ON or STBY(standby)position.4                            o lf both the SB-22sand cameraare not used
                                        for afterapprox.B0 seconds,the SB-22sshuts
                                         off automaticallyand the ready-lightgoes out
                                       to conservebatterypower.This is calledthe
                               standbyfunction.To turn the SB-22son again
                                      afterit entersthe standbymode,you can
                                        lightlypressthe shutterreleasebuttonor
                                pressthe FLASHbuttononce.

          Ready-lightcomeson.
  NOTE
   The standbyfunctioncannot be used:
      .lf the SB-22sis mountedon NikonF3-series,New FM2,FM10or FE10cameras.
      .lf the SB-22sis mountedon NikonFA or FE2 camerasand the shuttersoeed is
      set to M250 or B (bulb).
      .lf the SB-22sis mountedon NikonFA or FE2camerasand MotorDriveMD-12is
     mounted.
      .lf the SB-22sis mountedon NikonFG or NikonosV camerasand the shutter
     speed is set to M90 or B (bulb).
    In the above cases, set the SB-22s'sPOWERswitch to ON.
   Adjustthe flashheadto the frontposition.5





   oThe BOUNCEindicatorLED blinkswhen the flashhead is tilteddown to the -7" or
       tiltedup. Makesurethe LED is not blinking.For moredetails,referto "BounceFlash."
   oThe SB-22scomes with a wide flashadapterto increasethe angle of coverageto
     matcha 28mm focal lengthlens.Referto "Settingthe Built-lnWide FlashAdapter."
    When no wide flashadapteris set, the SB-22sprovidesan angle of coverageto
     match a 35mm or longerfocal lengthlens.
ft  StiOethe filmspeed(lSO)selectorto alignfilmspeed(lSO)in usewiththe-    filmspeed(lSO)index.
                            oFor example,if you'reusingISO 100film,align
                            100withthe filmspeed(lSO)index.
                              oOperationsexplainedin this manualare based
                              on the assumptionthatthe correctfilmspeedis
                                    set on the SB-22s,which is necessarytor
                               checkingthe flashshootingdistancerangeand
                                  aperturevalueson the aperture/shooting
                                 distancerangepanel.However,becausethere
                                            is no electricalconnectionbetweenthe ISO
                                  selectorand the flashunitcircuitry,flashfiring
                             and flashoutputwill not be affected,even if the
                            ISOscaleis accidentallychangedby moving
                                  the filmspeed(lSO)selector.

rrre ilrrn speeq (|DLJ,serecror.
    Preparation is complete.7 Now, referto the followingavailableflash modes:
   oTTL Auto FlashTTL mode
   oNon-TTLAuto FlashA mode
   oManualM mode
   oOr otheradvancedflashtechniqueson the reverseside of this sheet
  The ready-light
                             Lightsup I Indicatesthe SB-22sis recycled
                                            and ready to fire.
                            Blinks:     In TTL or Non-TTLAuto flashmode, if
                                                     the ready-lightblinksfor approx.3
                                               secondsaftershooting,this indicates
                                                     the lightmay have been insufficient
                                                                for correctexposure.In this case, use
                                                a wideraperture(smallerf-number)
                                                         or move closerto the subject.
    oReferto the followingtable to determineif your batteriesshouldbe replaced
      or recharged.(For more information,see "Noteson Batteries.")
       Typeof batteriesinstalled    Ready-lighttakes      Remedy
       Zinc-carbon            Morethan30secondsto
       Alkaline-manganese       lightup             Replacebatteries.
        Lithium                Morethan10secondsto
                                       lightup.       NiCd(rechargeable)
                                                Rechargebatteries.
       Ni-MH(rechargeable)



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The built-inTTL auto flashsensorin camerasso equippedmeasuresthe illumination
providedby the SB-22sthat is reflectedback fromthe subject.This measurementis made
throughthe-lensand when the light is sufficientto ensureirroper exposure,the camera
sendsa signalto the SB-22sto stop firing.TTL Auto FlashTTL mode- providessimple
and effectiveflashoperation,recommendedfor userswith littleexperiencewith flash.
 Cameras usable in the TTL Auto Flash mode
   F5                 F90X-Series/N90s''   F90-Series/N90''    F70-Series/N70''    F4-Series
    F-801s/NBOOBs''   F-801/N8008''      Pronea600i/6i '       F-601/N6006''       F-601rr,r/ N6000 '
    F50-Series/N50''    F-401x/N5005''   F-501/N2020',      F-401s/ N4004s    F-401lN4004''
    F-301/N2000',    FA              FE2           FG               NikonosV
   -1                              .2      Sold exclusivelyin the USA   Sold exclusivelyin the USA and Canada
      . TTL Auto FlashTTL mode is not possiblewith Nikon F3-Series,New FM2, FM10,and FEl0 cameras Use
     the Non-TTLAuto FlashA mode or ManualM Flashmode instead
      -    Dependingon the Nikon camera and lens,or finder in use, eitherone of the lollowingTTL tlash
     operationsis possible:Multi-SensorBalancedFill-Flash,lvlatrixBalancedFill-Flash,Center-WeightedFill-
     Flash/SpotFill-Flash,ProgrammedTTL Auto Flash,or StandardTTL Flash For more detailson TTL flash
     operation,referto your camera'sinstructionmanual 3D Multi-SensorBalancedFill-Flashis not possible,
    becausethe SB-22shas no MonitorPreflashfunction

{  Set the flash mode selectoron the SB-22sto TTL.
 T
   Setyourcamera.(Referto yourcamera2-   instructionmanuaffor details.)
    o Setyourcamera'sexposuretnodeto Programmed
     auto(P),Aperture-priorityauto(A),or Manual(M)mode
      (Shutter-priorityauto(S)mode is not recommended,
     becausesettingan appropriateapertureto matchthe
     shootingdistanceis difficult.)
    oSetyourcamera'smeteringsystemto MatrixMetering,
     Center-WeightedMetering,or SpotMetering                        oFLi[jrBY     FJ4rf   'fl'
   oThe shutterspeedis automaticallyset to the flash               "o,lr"'                               .L--
     sync speed (Or you can intentionallyset the shutter            cif(rsoloo)  24mlzt2$l                        flrtoa  JAPAN
     speedto one slowerthan the flashsync speed.)
   oBecausethe SB-22sfeaturesthe same TTL flashooerationsas thoseof the
     SB-15and SB-22,referto those itemscorrespondingto SB-15or SB-22in the
      flash photographysectionof your camera'sinstructionmanual,if the SB-22sis
     not listed.
Q Waitfor the ready-lightto comeon andmakesurethe subjectis in focusv   beforetakingthe picture.
    o lf the readylightblinksfor approx.3 secondsaftershooting,thisindicatesthe lightmay
     havebeen insufficientfor correctexposure.In thiscase,use a wideraperture(smaller
     f-number)or movecloserto the subiect.You can alsocheck if the subiectwillreceive
      the conectexposureby testfiringtn6 Sg-ZZs.Referto "Checkingthe ConectExposure."

Determining an appropriate flash shooting distance range
 in the TTL Auto Flash "TTL" mode
1  Check the apefture set on the camera or lens.  t  oln the TTLAuto Flashmode,you can set any    Nikon
     aperturevalueon the cameraor lens
     aperturering.
,  Check the shooting distance range-    represented by the flash shooting distance
   range indicatorwhich matches the f-number
     in the aperture scale window.
   oFor example,selectingf 14letsyou get the
      flashshootingdistancerangefrom O.9mto
    7.Om(3 ft. to 23 ft )with angleof coverageat
    N-35mmand a f ilm speedof ISO 100.
      In thiscase,underexposuremay occurwhen
     the subjectis morethan 7.0 m (23 tL) away.
   oFor othershootingdistanceranges,apertures,and ISOfilmspeeds,referto
     the tablebelow.                                                                                              I

 Determiningan appropriateflash shooting distance range                                  33 and apertures in the Non-TTL Auto Flash  ^" mode
   Determinethe shootingdistance.                                                 Nikon
   Followthe appropriateverticalline upward12 from the shootingdistanceon the distance
   scaleuntilit meetsone of the flash
   shootingdistancerangeindicators.Then
   foflowthe flash shootingdistancerange
   indicatorhorizontaffyand you wifl find the
   appropriateapertures.
    oln Non-TTLAutoFlashA mode,youcan
     selectA1, 42,43, or A4 only.
   oForexample,whenshootinga subjectlocated
     at 5m (164 ft.)withtheangleof coverageat
   N-35mmanda filmspeedof ISO100,the
     availableaperturesare tl2.B,f14or f/5.6.Selecting tl2.Bletsyou take picturesof
     subjectsapprox.1.3mto'l 0 Om(4.3ft. to 32.8ft.) awayfromthe SB-22s.lf you
    choosefl4,youcantakepicturesofsubjectsapprox.O.9mto 7.Om(3ft to 23 ft.)
    Underexposuremay occurwhenthe subjectis morethan 1Om(32 B ft )away
    whentl2.Bis selected,or morethan 7m (23 ft.) awaywhenf14is selected.
   oFor othershootingdistanceranges,apertures,and ISOfilmspeeds,referto
     the tablebelow.
    oAvailableaperturespossibleat A'1to A4varyaccordingto the settingof the film
     speed(lSO)scale Correctexposurescannotbe obtainedif the sameapertureas
     indicatedby the illuminatedf-numberis notseton yourcameraor lensaperturering.
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Usableapertureswith correspondingflash shootingdistanceranges
   Flashmode                                       Shootingdistancerange
   selectorin                lS0 film speed                      Unit:m (tt)  A mode
            25   50  100  200 400  (10001800  )  16002  N-35mm  W-2Bmm
                             1 . 4  2    2.8    4        ( 13 02 5- 2- 60 50 6 )     ( 27 22 -- 15 75 08 )
                                                                       2 2 - 1 7 0      1 6 - 1 2 0                        1 4   2   2B     4     5 6      ( 7 2 - 5 s 8 )      ( 5 2 - 3 e 3 )
                                                                       1 8 - 1 4 0      1 3 - 1 0 0                   1 4   2   2B   4     5.6   B        ( s e - 4 5 e )      ( 4 3 - 3 2 8 )
      A4     1 4   2   2B   4    5 6   B     11       ( 14 33 -- 31 20 08 )      ( 03 90 -- 2 73 00 )
     A3     2         4    5 6   8     11     16       ( 03 90 -- 2 73 00 )      ( 02 6O- - 15604 )
     A2     2.8        5.6   8    11    16    22       ( 02 6O- - 15604 )      ( 02 6O- - 13155 )
      A1      4    5 6   B   11   16    22    32   Q0 O6 -- 13155 )   Q0 6O- - 8225)
            5 6  B   11   16   22    32    45        (026O- - 82 25 )        (0260- - 5167)
           B   11   16   22   32    45    64        (0260- - 5167)         (0260- - 31e2)
              11   16   22   32   45    64                       (0260- - 31s2)         (0260- - 3009)
      , Use an aperture'l13of an f/stopsmallerthan thoseshownin the table
   'Not possiblein TTL mode
 Determiningwhether the subject will receivethe correct exposure
 in TTL and Non-TTLAuto Flash modes by test firing the SB-22s.
1  Followthe sameproceduresas  TTL Auto FlashTTL or Non-TTL  t   AutoFlashA mode.
    oln TTL mode, set the flashmode selectorto eitherA1 , A2,A3 or A4 to llne
     up the same apertureset on the cameraor lens aperturering with that
      indicatedon the aperture/shootingdistancerange panel.lf the apertures
      are out of the range of availableaperturespossible at 41 to 44, the correct
     exoosurecannotbe determinedbeforeshooting.
)  Waitforthe ready-lightto comeon and pressthe SB-22s'sFLASH-   buttonto firethe flash.
     olf the ready-lightblinksfor approx.3 secondsaftershooting,thisindicates
     the lightmayhavebeeninsufficientfor correctexposure'In thiscase,usea
     wideiaperture(smallerf-number)or movecloseto the subject.

The SB-22s'sbuilt-insensormeasuresthe flash illuminationreflectedback from the
subject,automaticallycontrollingthe flashoutputto give you the correctexposure.
This is calledthe Non-TTLAuto FlashA mode. A choiceof four shootingaperturesat
A1 to 44 are available,coveringa varietyof shootingdistances.
I  Setyourcamera'sexposuremodeto Aperture-prigrityauto(A)or Manual(M).  r  oSet your camera'smeteringsystemto any setting.
    oFor NikonNew FM2 and FM10cameras,manuallyset the shutterspeed to the
      flashsync shutterspeed or slower.
     For othercameras,the shutterspeed is automaticallyset to the flashsync
     speed. (Youcan intentionallyset the shutterspeed to one slowerthan the flash
     sync speed.)Referto your camera'sinstructionmanualfor details.
I  Setthe SB-22s'smodeselectorto eitherA1,A2,A3 or A4 dependingon-   the apertureselectedthatbringsthe subjectwithinthe flashshooting
   distancerange.The illuminatedf-numberShownin the windowat leftis the
   apertureyou shoulduse.
      Nikon



              [l  rso





    oFor example,if the flash-to-subjectdistanceis 5m (16.4ft.),set the flash mode
      selectorto A4 (f/2.8),A3 (f/4)or A2 (f/5.6)when using ISO 100 film with the
     angleof coverageadjustedto N-35mm.Underexposuremay occur if A1 (f/8)is
      selected
    oUsing an aperturewider than the maximumapertureof the lens in use is not
     recommended.
    oTo determinethe correctflashshootingdistancerange and aperture,referto
     "Checkingthe CorrectExposure."
   Set the sameapertureas indicatedon the aperture/shootingdistance3 rangepanelon yourcameraor lensaperturering.
    oTo set the apertureon Zoom-Nikkorlenseshavingvariablemaximumapertures,refer
       to "settingApertureson Zoom-NikkorLenseshavingVariableMaximumApertures."
   Waitfor the ready-lightto comeon and makesurethe subjectis in focus4 beforetakingthe picture.
       .lf the ready-lightblinksfor approx.3 secondsaftershooting,this indlcatesthe
       light may have been insufficlentfor correctexposure.In this case, use a wider
      aperture(smallerf-number)or move closerto the subject.You can also check if
      the subjectwill receivethe correctexposureby test firingthe SB-22s.Referto
     "Checkingthe CorrectExposure."
  Camera and fifm speed combinations
   Becausethe flashoutputis automaticallycontrolledby the SB-22s,any Nikon
   camera/filmspeed combinationcan be used.Correctexposureis obtainedby
   settingthe same aperture(obtainedfrom the aperture/shootingdistancerange
   panel)as set on the cameraor lensaperturering.Exposurecompensationis
   easyto achieveby intentionallychangingthe apertureon the cameraor lens
   aperturering.
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Settingthe apertureusing the cameraaperturedial:
For example,F5, Pronea600i/6i,F50-Series/N50,F-401x/N5005,F-401s/1.,14004s,
F-401/N4004cameraswith Nikkorlenseswith a buift-inCPU.
Firstset the lens to its minimumaperture(largestf-number),then set the aperrure
on the camera using the aperturedial or buttonafterzoomingin or out to determine
the focal lengthsetting.In this way, the variableaperturewill be automatically
compensatedby the camera.
 Settingtheapertureonthecamera'sLCDpanelusingthelensaperturering:
For example,FgOx-Series/NgOs,FgO-series/N90, F7O-Series/N70, F4-Series,
F-801s/N8008s,F-801/N8008,F-601/N6006,F-601v/N6000cameraswith Nikkor
lenseswitha built-inCPU.
Checkand set the apertureon the LCD panelafterzoomingin or out to
determinethe focal lengthsetting.In this way, the variableaperturewill be
automaticallycompensatedby the camera.
  .Nikkor         lenseswith a built-inCPU incorporateCPU contacts.
   (Seethe figureon the right.)

                              CPU contacts

Some plus compensationmay be necessarywhen the backgroundincludesa mirror,
whitewall,or otherhighlyreflectivesurface.Otherwise,underexposedpicturesmight
occur.Similarly,some minuscompensationmay be requiredwhen the backgroundis
dark or includessubjectsof low reflectivityto preventoverexposedpictures.In these
cases,makingexposurecompensationis recommendedto obtainthe correctexposure.
Normally,exposurecompensationwithinthe rangeoI -2lo + 1 steps is recommended.
            With exposurecompensation      Withoutexposure compensation





Exposurecompensationin TTL Auto Flash"TTL" mode
oMake exposurecompensationon the camerato matchthe shootingsituation.
  Consultthe instructionmanualprovidedwith your camerafor specificinformationon
  proceduresfor exposurecompensation.
oWhen shootinga subjectcontalninghighlyreflectivesurfaces,use some plus
  compensation.When the backgroundis very dark, or the subjectis in deep
  shadows,use some minuscompensation.
Exposurecompensationin Non-TTLAuto Flash"A" mode
Set a differentapertureon the cameraor lens aperturering withoutchangingthe flash
mode selector.When shootinga subjectcontaininghighlyreflectivesurfaces,set a
largeraperture(smallerf-number).Whenthe backgroundis very dark,or the subject
is in deep shadows,set a smalleraperture(largerf-number).
Exposurecompensationin Manual"M" mode
Intentionallychange the apertureset on the cameraor lens aperturering.When you
want an overexposedpicture,set a wider aperture(smallerf-number)than the one
calculated.For an underexposedpicture,use a smalleraperture(largerf-number).


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In thismode,the flashalwaysfiresat full output.Manualflashphotographyis recommended
when shootingsubjectsin which the correctexposureis difficultto obtainin the TTL or
Non-TTLAuto Flashmode or when you want to exerciseyour creativepreferences.
{  Setyourcamera'sexposuremodeto Aperture-priorityauto(A)or Manual(M).  r  osetyourcamera'smeteringsystemto anysetting.
    oFor NikonNew FM2 and FM10cameras,manuallyset the shutterspeed to the
      flashsync shutterspeed or slower.
     For other cameras,the shutterspeed is automaticallyset to the flash sync
     speed.(Youcan intentionallyset the shutterspeed to one slowerthan the flash
     sync speed.)Referto your camera'sinstructionmanualfor details.
   Setthe flashmodeselectorto M.I
Q Determinethe shootingdistanceand followthe appropriateverticallinev   upwardfromthe shootingdistanceon the distancescaleuntilit meetsone
    oi the distancerangeindicators.Thenfollowthe flashshootingdistance_
   rangeindicatorhor2ontallyandyouwillfindthe appropriateapertures.Set
   the appropriateapertureon the cameraor lensaperturering.
      Nikon             sB-22I                                           I
                                                                                       I
                                                                                       I





    oFor example,when shootingwith ISO 100 film,with the angle of coverageadlusted
       to N-35mm,selectingf/5.6 letsyou take picturesof subjectsat a distanceof approx'
    5m (16.4ft.) away,whitetp.e letsyou take picturesof subjectsapprox' 10 m (32.8ft.)
      away.
    oTo d'eterminethe correctaperture,use the equationand guide numbertable:
                             guidenumber
         f/stop (aperture)=                           flash-to-subjectdistance(m/ft)
     Guide numbers (m/ft) in M mode at 2O"C|68"F
       Filmspeed(lS0)     25     50     100    200    400    800    1600
       Normal35mm     14145.9 20/656   2Bl919  4011312  56/1837  8012625  110/360I
      Wide28mm       10132.8 141459  20/656  2Bl919  4011312  56/1837   80t2625
      For example,when shootinga subiectat a distanceof 5m (16.4ft.) using ISO
     100 film with the angle of coverageadiustedto N-35mm(no wide flashadapter),
               28
         f/stop=        tin meters)=5.6                  s
                   o l o
         f/stop=#t'n      feet)= approx.5.6
      Thereforef/5.6 is the correctaperture.
     .To set the apertureon Zoom-Nikkorlenseshavingvariablemaximumapertures,refer
       to "settingApertureson Zoom-NikkorLenseshavingVariableMaximumApertures."
    Waitfor the ready-lightto comeon and makesurethe subjectis in focus4 beforetakingthe picture.

For other camera/lens combination:
Forexample,F-501/N2020,F-301/N2000,FA,FE2,FG,NikonosV,
F3-Series,NewFM2,FM10,FE10withallotherNikkorand Nikonlenses.
(Usethefollowingmethodfor cameraslistedon the leftwhencombinedwithNikkorlenses
withouta builtinCPU)
Align the aperturering betweenthe green and yellowapertureindexesafter
zoomingin or out to determinethe focal lengthsetting.
olf the zoom lens has a maximumaperturedifferenceof approx. 1 or more f/stop
 betweenthe longestand shortestfocal lengthpositions(see the figuresbelow),
  alignthe aperturering with the green apertureindexfor a wide setting,and align
  the aperturewith the yellowapertureindexfor a telephotosetting.For intermediate
  focal lengthsettings,set the aperturering somewherebetweenthe green and
  yellowapertureindexesdependingon the focal lengthin use.
       Settinqtheapertureto l/5.60ntheAFZoom-Nll{or24-120mmlF.5-5.6lens





             At 120mmfocal         At 100mmfocal       At50mmfocal       At24mmfocal
             lengthsetting         lengthsetting         lengthsetting         lengthsetting

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For autofocuscamerasonly
Whenthe lightis too dim for normalautofocusoperation,the SB-22s'sAF assistilluminator
LED automaticallyturnson to illuminatedark subjectswhen the shutterreleasebuttonis
pressedhalfway The AF assistilluminatorLED turnsoff as soon as the subjectis in focus.





NOTE
oThe subjectmust be withinthe range of 1m (3.3 ft)to 5m (16.4ft) at20"C (68"F).
oReplacethe SB-22s'sbatterieswheneverthe ready-lightbecomesdark or blinks
  afterthe AF assistilluminatorLED turnson.
 olf the AF assistilluminatorLED comes on but no injocus indicatorappearsin the
  camera'sviewfinderwith the shutterreleasebuttonpressedhalfway,the subjectis
  eithertoo far away or too dark for the cameraAF-sensoreven with the AF assist
  illuminatorLED. In this case. set the flash mode selectorto ManualM and focus
 manually.
  Conditionsnecessaryto activatethe AF assist illuminatorLED:
   oThe subjectmustbe sufficientlydark.
   oAF Nikkorlensesmust be used.Lensesfrom 24mm(35mmfor F-501/N2020*.)
      to 1O5mmare recommended.
   oThe camera'sautofocusmode is set to SingleServoAutofocus(Setcamera's
     focus mode selectorto "AF"for F50-series/N50*,and "A" for F-401x/N5005*,
     F-40'1s/N40O4s*and F-401lN4004.).
   oFocuslock is not employed.
   oThe SB-22s'sready-lightis on.

.Sold      exclusively in the USA
.*Sold      exclusively in the USA and Canada

When taking picturesindoors,directflashoftencausesharsh,unattractiveshadows
on the subjector background.By bouncingthe lightoff the ceilingor walls,you can
softenthe shadowsand producemore natural-lookingportraits.
                    flashusingdiffusedlight             flashusingdirectflash
                                 \'-'




NOTE
  In color photography,selectwhiteor highlyreflectivesurfacesto bouncethe lightoff
  of. Otherwise,your pictureswill come out with an unnaturalcolor cast similarto that
  of the reflectingsurface.

    Tilt up the SB-2zs'sflash head to 60' or more.1





   oThe BOUNCEindicatorLED blinkswhenthe flashhead is tilted.
   oThe flash head can be tilted uo to 90o.Intermediatesettinoscan also be used.
  NOTE
          lf the angle of the flash head is not far enoughoff axis from the subject,uneven
      illuminationwill resultfrom a combinationof directand bouncedflash
   Setthe camera'sexposuremodeto Aperture-priorityauto(A)or Manual(M).2 oAny meteringsystemis acceptable.
    oFor NikonNew FM2 and FM10cameras,manuallyset the shutterspeed to the
      flashsync shutterspeed or slower.
    oFor othercameras,the shutterspeed is automaticallyset to the flashsync
     speed. (Or you can intentionallyset the shutterspeed to one slowerthan the
      flashsync speed.)Referto your camera'sinstructionmanualfor details.
   Setthe SB-22s'sflashmodeselectorto TTL,A1, A2, A3 or A4, thenset3 the apertureon the cameraor lensaperturering.
                                owith bounceflash,thereis a 2Io 3 stop light
                                    losswhen comparedwith normalTTL or non-
                            TTL autoflashmodes.Therefore,you should
                             open up the lensby 2 to 3 stops(usesmaller
                                 f-numbers)and bracketyour exposures,
                             wheneverpossible
                              oFor detailson the f lashmode selector(TTL,
                               A1-A4)and aperturevalues,referto "TTL
                                Auto FlashTTL Mode,""Non-TTLAuto Flash
                            A Mode,"or "Checkingthe Correct
                       www.butkus.usExoosure."

To eliminateharshshadowsproducedby a singleflash unit,add additional
illuminationto the background,or createspeciallightingeffectsnot possiblewith a
singleflashunit,you can attachNikonSpeedlightsin series.
         Flashshootingwith more than one unit  Flashshootingwith one flash





                                              \-


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I  t              l                                                                         ..\\
NOTE
  oSB-11,SB-14,SB-140and SB-21BSpeedlightscannotbe usedwith Nikon
   F-401lN4004or F-401s/N4004sas eithermain or secondaryunits.
  oln multipleflashoperation,if the electriccurrentin the synchrocircuitexceedsa
    certainlevel,you may not be able to take a second shot afterthe first.In this case,
   disconnectthe main flash unit from the camera.This resetsthe circuitsso you can
   resumeshooting.
   .ln multipleflashoperation,take care that the combinedtotalof the coefficientsin
   the table belowfor all flash unitsused togetherdoes not exceed 20 aI 2O"C(68'F),
    or 13 at 40'C (104'F).

  Speedlight coefficient per each unit
                       Speedlight                     Goelficient
     SB-28,SB-27,58-26,SB-25,SB-24,SB-22s,SB-14,SB-11,SB-140      1
     SB-23,SB-21,SB-17,SB-16,SB-15                           4
    SB-22                                              6
    SB-20                                                                                            I
   Coefficientnumbersare in unitsof 70;rA.



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In TTL Auto FlashTTL mode, when shootingsubjectssuch as flowersor insectscloser
than 0.6m (2 ft), use your SB-22soff cameraand utilizeits built-inwide flashadapter
to take close-uppictureswith flash.





   Connectthe SB-22sto yourcamerausingan optionalTTLRemoteCord.1 oUse an optionalTTL RemoteCord SC-17(or SC-24for F4 cameraswith a High-
     MagnificationFinderDW-20or DW-21,and F5 cameraswith a High-
     MagnificationFinderDW-30or DW-31)for connectingthe SB-22sto your
     camera.The subjectcannotbe sufficientlyilluminatedif the flash unit is
     attached to the camera's accessoryshoe.
    oFor detailson connections.referto the SC-17or SC-24'sinstructionmanual.
   Setthe camera'sexposuremodeto Aperture-priorityauto(A)or Manual(M).2 oSetyourcamera'smeteringsystemto anysetting.
   oThe shutterspeed is automaticallyset to the flash sync speed when the SB-22s's
    POWERis turned on. (Or you can intentionallyset the shutterspeed to one slower
     than the flash sync speed.)
   Setthe flashmodeselectorto TTL.3





                                                                                                              ( ; r
    oCorrectexposurecannotbe obtainedin non-TTLautoflashA mode.
             widefrashadapterrhen adjustthe flash head toward4l^T:|;j::1,:-,n
    oReferto "Settingthe Built-lnWide FlashAdapter."
   oThe angleof coveragechangesfrom "N-35mm"to "W-28mm.

than the flashsync speed.)

    Set the flash mode sefector to TTL.3





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                                                                                                                                                                                  \                                                                                                                                                       r   '  l  : "  w "                     a
   oCorrectexposurecannotbe obtainedin non-TTLautoflashA mode.
   Set the built-inwide flash adapter.Then adjust the flash head toward4 the subject.
   oReferto "settingthe Built-lnwide FlashAdapter."
   oTheangleof coveragechangesfrom"N-35mm"to "W-28mm."

   Set the apertureon the lens aperturering or on the camera by calculating5 the f/stop using the equationand table below.
      f/stop(apertur"lrffi

     ISO film speed and coefficient (m/ft)
       lS0 fifm speed   25     50     100    200    400    800    1000
         Coeflicient  1 5 ( 4 e ) 22(72)  3 ( e 8 )  4 3 (14)  6 (20)  8 5 ( 2 7 e )e6(315)
     For example,with a subject 0.5m (1.6 ft.) away from the SB-22s'sflash head using
     ISO 100 film and the wide flash adapter in place,the suggestedapertureis:
                      -i-?    (in meters)= g        f/stop' >              u.5
                      -iiA R        f/stop>                       t,nfeet)= approx.6
    Therefore,youshouldusef/6orsmaller(largerf-number),suchastl8,'fl11orf/16.
   Waitfor the ready-lightto comeon and makesurethe subjectis in focus6 beforetakingthe picture.
       .lf the ready-lightblinksfor approx.3 secondsaftershooting,this indicatesthe
       light may have been insufficientfor correctexposure.In this case, use a wider
     aperture(smallerf-number)or move closerto the subject.

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TTL multiple flash operation
NOTE
 TTL multipleflashoperationis not posslblewith NikonNew FM2,FM10,and FE10
  cameras.Referto "Manualmultipleflashoperation."
1  Connectthe mainflashunitto the cameradirectly.   '   oor use the TTL RemoteCord SC-17/SC-24or Power Bracket Unit SK-6 instead.
)  Connectthe mainflashunitto the secondaryflashunit(s)-   .Use one or more TTL RemoteCords SC-l8/SC-19or the TTL Multi-Flash
     AdaoterAS-10.
    oFor other optionalremotecords, referto "OptionalAccessories."
?  Set eachflashunitby consideringits directionand distance.I   oPleasenote that the brightnessof iiash illuminationis inverselyproportionalto
     the squareof the distancebetweenthe flash unit and the subject.For example,
          if the flash{o-subjectdistanceis a referenceunit of 1 (e.9., 1m),the brightness
       will be one-halfthat when the subjectis 1.4 timesaway,and one-quarterwhen
     the subjectis twice as far away.
    oFor detailson connections,referto the SC-17,SC-18,SC-19,or SC-24's
      instructionmanua..
   turn on all flashunitsand makesuretheirstandbyfunctionsare notI   '   activated.
E  Setthe flashmodeon all flashunitsto TTL.l,
A  fottowthe sameoroceduresas in normalTTLAutoFlashTTL mode.l,

Manual multiple flash operation
 I I  Attachthe SB-22sto the camera'saccessoryshoe.
!  Connectthe SB-22sto the syncflashterminalof the secondaryflashunit(s).-   oUse the same cords as used for TTL multipleflashoperation,or Sync Cord
    SC-11or coiledSyncCord SC-15.
    oFor usableoptionalremotecords, referto "OptionalAccessories."
?  Set eachflashunitby consideringits directionand distance.9   oPleasenote that the brightnessof iiash illuminationis inverselyproportionalto
     the squareof the distancebetweenthe flashunit and the subject.See the
     examoledescribedin "TTLmultioleflashooeration"above.
    oFor detailson connections,referto the SC-17,SC-18,SC-19,or SC-24's
      instructionmanual.
   turn on all flashunitsand makesuretheirstandbyfunctionsarenotI   '   activated.
E Setthe flashmodeof all the flashunitsto ManualM. t
A  fottowthe sameproceduresas in normalManualflashM mode. l,