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Olympus 35mm compact guide Reference guide
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- Olympus 35mm compact guide
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Page 3 · Read text
OTYMPUS C OMPACT
35mm GUIDE
How to Use
The Olympus Trip, Olympus 35 Sp, ,
Olympus^Compact 35 EC and ECR, Olympus SS RC,
Olympus Compact 35 DC, gO ind nO
By \ry. D. EMANUEL
THE F'OCAL PRESS
London and New YorkView original page 3Page 4 · Read text
www.butkus.us
CONTENTS
Page Page
Olympus Compact Cameras 5 shutter speeds and Body construction and movement 34
features 5 Aperture 35 and depth- of field Zone focusing 36
Olympus Compact Models 8 Time exposures for static subjects 36 Handling the Olympus The self-timer 37
L'ompact 10 The lens hood 37 Holdins l0
Carryinlg Flash Photography 39 Viewing and Focusing l2l2 -t lash synchronization 40
Shooting 13 Mangal flash setting by Film Packines 14 guide numbers 40
Loading t4 Flashmatic flash setting 40 Unloading r6 Synchro-sunlight - 42
Cutting off exposed lengths 18
Changing parily-exposed Close-up Photography 43 tilms l8 ulose-up tenses 43
Other film packines 19 Handling, ivindin[ and Care of the Cameru 46 trimming the film t9 Storage 46 Loading standard cassettes 20 Exercise 46
Loading with bulk film or $unlrng test after storage 46
darkroom refills 22 Keeping the interior clean 47
Treating the camera with
Film and Filterc 24 care 47
Black-and-white film 24 Coping with tropical Colour fllm 26 conditions 47
Colour reversal film 27 Sabjects for Colour negative 28 fiIm the Olympus- Compact Cameras 49 Colour 28 film speeds Landscapes 49 The choice of colour fihn 28 Filters for black-and-white Outdoor portraits 50 film 29 Available light portraits 5l portraits 5l Filters for colour film 30 Artificial light portraits Sz The polarizing screen 3l Flash Children 52
Exposure 33 Sports 53
_utomatic exposure setting 33 Taking Colour Pictures 54 Changing aut-omatic
exposure setting 33 Facts and Fignes 57 Manual exposure setting 34 Conversion of feet and - Aperture and speed 34 inches into metric units 57View original page 4Page 5 · Read text
vl I
Page Page
Flash bulb guide numbers Parallax compensation in in feet 57 close-ups 59
Shutter speeds to arest Depth of field with the movement 58 Olympus Compact lenses 60
Conversion of film speed Exposure in poor available
systems 58 lisht 61
Focusing with close-up 35 mm black-and-white
lenses 59 films 62
Subject size and depth of 35 mm colour films 63
field with close-up lenses 59 How to... What is where? 64
The Green Sectton between pages 32 and 33 Page
THE OLYMPUS COMPACT 35 MODELS
Olympus Trip 2
Loading 2 - Unloading 2 - Shooting 4 - Spr"i"t controls 4
Olympas 5 35 ^SP I,oadrqg^s -^Unloading 5 - Shooting 6 - Battery for electronic control8 - Special controls 8
Olympas Compact 35 EC and ECR g
Batteries for Loading.9 - UnJoading l0 - Shooting l0 - electronic control 12 - Special controh f2 Olympus 35 RC tg
Batterv for loading 13 - Unloading f3 - Shootne t4 - electronic control 14 - Special controb lZ
Olympus Compoct 35 DC tl
Loading f7 - Unloading t7 - Shooting f8 - Battery for electronic control 18 - Special controls 16
Olympus Compact 35 ED 2I
r,oading 2l - Unloading 2l - Shootine 2l - Testine and changing batteries 22 - Flash 22 -Thedelayed actionrele-ase 22
Olympus Compact 35 RD 21
Battery for r,oading- 24 - Unloading 24 - Shooting26 - Sbecial controh 16 electronic control 26 -View original page 5Page 6 · Read text
www.butkus.us OLYMPUS COMPACT CAMERAS Olympus has, since 1919, pioneered photographic appara- tus. Their research technicians have made full use of the latest technological advances to produce the Olympus Compact range of cameras. This resulted in camera models with a wide scope of application, high performance and extensive automation to the benefit of the beginner and advanced photographer alike. The Olympus Compact cameras are particularly small and light so that they can be carried about in a pocket or a lady's handbag. At the same time they offer the full 35 mm negative frame and are designed for easy handling. The negative size is 1 x 1$ in. (24x 36 mm) using standard 35 mm film. A single load in a standard cassette will take up to 36 exposures. The film can be loaded and unloaded in daylight. Body Construction and Featwes The body is a precision alloy casting with black plastic covering; the metal parts are satin chrome finish; the interior black anodized. An accessory shoe is let into the top of the camera. The overall dimensions, while varying slightly from model to model, are approximately a$x2lx2 in. and the average weight, complete with lens, is approximately 15 oz. The lens and shutter are rigidly flxed to the front of the main body. A quick transport lever (or thumb wheel on Trip 35, EC and ECR) advances the film and film counter and tensions the shutter in a single movement. The camera back opens on a hinge. The film counter is on the right-hand side of the top plate and geared to the film transport. It is self-setting, returning automatically to zero on opening the camera back; it indi- cates the number of frames exposed. An interlocking mechanism automatically prevents double exposures or blank frames. The film easy-loading system (EL) assures quick and foolproof loading, with transport by sprocket wheel on to a permanently fixed take-up spool. The film isView original page 6
Page 7 · Read text
held in position py a-pregsure plate in such away that onty
the sections outside the picture area touch the euide rails oi
theflm aperture-. Re-winding is simplified by a-rewind knob
with countersunk handle.
The shutter of the Olympus Compact cameras varies
according to the model (see green pages). They all have in
common that they couple to a built-in eiposure meter with
automatic setJing. The models sP and ROadditionally cater
for manual shutter speed and aperture setting. The model
DC features a light value compensation for agiinst-the-light
shots.
The coincident image type rangefinder combined with the
viewfinder is built into the camera models Sp, ECR, RC, DC
and ED and coupled to the lens focusing. Setting the range-
finder focuses the lens at the same time.The moders EC a-nd
Trip use a four-point zone focusing system for simplified
distance setting.
marks to - The bright line viewfinder incorporates parallax the picture field covered at ar6und 3 fr (l m). iTdiq,ate
Fri{thermore, on the viewfinder boundary lines, informative
t_qdiqulqrs_qre placed which vary according to the model.
Model DC has a_po_inter og 6ase indicating the aperture -the and shutter speed. On model RC the shutter sfeed is shown
on the top and the apertures on the base. Modeh ECR and
feature a yellow light above the finder as battery test and ED
slow speed warning and a green light indicates when the
automatic flash system is activated. Model EC shows below
the finder the zone focusing symbols and above a yellow
recta-ngle to indicate when shutter and exposure mechanism
and-battery are working and a shot is r-eady to be taken;
further, a_blue Lectangle appears when a flash picture should
be taken (insufficient available light). Model iSp has an EV
scale above the viewfinder indicating by its needle position
if the instrument. is in range for autohatic photography.
Finally,-m"^aql-Trip has a red warning signal o6struclind ttie
viewfinder field in its lower part to inci.icate that not suffiEient
light available to take the picture, the shutter rerease -is remains locked at the same time.
I
I
LiIView original page 7Page 8 · Read text
www.butkus.us A delayed action release (self-timer) is built into the models SP, RC, DC and ED. All models are flash synchronized and fitted with a cordless direct flash contact in the accessory shoe. They also have a conventional3 mm co-axial flash outlet on the camera body. The lens built into the Olympus Compact cameras varies according to model (see below), but all are of the highest optical performance, giving superb definition, have full covering power to the very edges, and are colour corrected and coated. *View original page 8
Page 9 · Read text
OLYMPUS COMPACT MODELS
Olympus Trip is as described above with four-element
D-Zuiko f2.8. 40 mm lens in programmed shutter with
automatic settings of tl40 or tpAO-;;; i" *q,"".tio" with.
automatic built-in elec^tric ey€_exposure meter wtrictr adjusts
the aperture fronl f2,8 to f22, manual setting for flaih of these.apertures with l/40 dec speed. zone focrising by four-
position setting with addition-al distance scale ii feet and metres.
oOlympus .35 ,SP as described above with seven-element G-zuiko^f 1.7,42 mm lens il programmed electric eye (EE)
shutter for automatic use wit-h sf,utter range UIS to l'1250
sec at apertures fl.1 tof22 andmanual t to t/sob sec shutter
and B. Built-in self- speed and aperture scale J'1.7 to fl6 timer, flashmatic or manual setting of flash. coincidence
8 in. (0.85 m) to infinity. rangefinder [o4 ? ft oOlympus 35 EC as described dbove witfi five-element
E-Zuikof2.q,12 mm lens in electric shutter, fully automatic
programmed from 4 sec to l/800 sec. Autohatic flash
system selectlng coqect aperture on focusing, synchroniza-
tion speed ll20 sec. The brightline viewfinderThows the zone
Iocuslng symbols.
oOlympus 35 ECR again as described above with five-
element E-Zuiko f2.8, 42 mm lens in electric shutter, auto-
matic programmed from 4 sec to 1/800 sec. Automatic flash
system selgctigg corre_ct apertures on focusing, synchroniza-
tio.n-speed {20_sec. Coincidence rangefindei-tuitt into the
brightline viewfinder. The viewfindei has signal lights for
battery test, slow shutter speed warning andlctivaTion for
automatic flash svstem.
Olympus 35 Re described as above with flve-element E-
42 rymlens, shutter speeded B, l/15, tl3}, tl6},?yWf2._8rUJ?s, 11250 and 1/500 sec. Built in CdS in6ter, dut6m'ati6
with-_pre-setting of shutter speedo with release lock for
insufficient light. Manual setting of both shutter speed and
aperture available. Flash synchronized for manuaior flash-
matic setting. The brightline viewfinder has built-in co-View original page 9Page 10 · Read text
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incidence rangefinder with focusing range from 3 ft (0.9 m)
to infinity; built-in self-timer.
Olympus 35 DC as described above with six-element
F -Zuiko J' L .7, 40 mm lens ; shutter i s c ontinuous programmed
Against-the-light 1i500 sec at fl6.from 15 sec at fl.l tobutton (BLC) compensates for back lighting conditions.
Flash synchronized for flashmatic setting with selector of
electronic flash or bulbs. The brightline viewfinder has
built-in coincidence rangefinder from 2.8 ft (0.85 m) to
infinity. Built-in self-timer.
Olympus 35 ED is a slightly simplified version of the
38 mm D Zuiko lens, electronic shutter35 DC with f 2.8from 4 sec to 1/800 sec and modified layout. It has light
signal battery and shutter check and flash indicator.
O discontinued.View original page 10Page 11 · Read text
HAI\DLING THE OLYMPUS COMPACT
In order to simplify the description and handling of the
Olympus Compact camerqs without heing confused by dffirent
features of individual models, this guide has been divided into'
two sections. The general section applies to all models. The
requirements, and consequently dffirent handling, of each
model are found on the green pages after page 32.
For convenience, a symbolic reference system is also used
iry the general section. Wherever the sign i appears, further
details will be found in the camera pages of the green-section
for each camera type.
It is obvious that the camera should be held as steady as
possible, as the slightest shake, even if not seen in the
negative, will become visible in the enlargement. Always
stand with your legs apart.
Holding
FOR HORIZONTAL PHOTOGRAPHS hold the
camera horizontally against your nose while looking through
the finder with one eye. Keep both elbows close to the body.
Press the right thumb against the back of the camera, let
the right index finger rest on the release, while the right
middle finger, bent downwards, presses against the camera
front. The left hand grips the camera body on its left side.
FOR VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHS rest the camera
upright against forehead and nose, gripping its top with
the left hand, left thumb against the camera back. The right
hand holds the camera from below, right thumb on the
release, the camera resting in the palm of the right hand.
To release the shutter, press the release with the ball of
the finger (or thumb). Use finger pressure only and keep the
hand and its grip on the camera steady. The actual pressing
down must be done slowly and smoothly.
For slow exposures in the hand it is advisable to rest the
elbows or at least to lean the body against some support in
order to avoid shake. In this wayilt-s,1/8 and everi i/4 sec
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Whon holdln3 chc Olympur
Clmeil, r.st Chc Indrx fingcr
of th. rlght htnd on ihc
taloar. button. Support thc
ClmGra firmly In both hands
wlth the thumbs .t ch. back.
Do not grlp too tlghtly.
Press the elbows
close to your body
always stand with
the legs wcll apart
For vertlcal plctures, support
the camera in the palm ofthe
rlght hand and operate the
release button with the
thumb. To have the camera
rcady for instant use carry it
hlgh on the chest on a neck
*rap (below).
rnd hold qulte rtlll
whllc you rtlcrsr.
Wrenover posrlblc, iupport your body agrlnst somethlng
soilo,3ucn at I tree or wall, or prop your arms on a fencc,
ground. on the 11l!lnf,I his 13 r.paclallyor Gv.n o-nlmportantyour kneeswithwhcislowjlttlngl^{Isnapshot cxposures
whcra th. cam.ra must be-absolutely steady. Uro'r crbh rclcert for tlma cxporures from a trl-pod.View original page 12Page 13 · Read text
can be risked without camera shake. such a supoort is arso
desirable for faster exposures. A slightly unsteaiy hold may
easily lead to blurred pictures.
The use of a tripod is necessary when taking time exposures
.and it is also recommended foi speeds from l/15 to 1 sec.
For upright photographs from t[e tripod, us6 a ball-and-
socket head to allow changing from hbrizontal to vertical
position.
Carrying
To be ready for quick action it is best to carry the Olympus ^Compact on a short strap around the neck sothat it iies on
your chest. Lifting it up to the eye then is a matter of a split
second.
Forconvenience and protection, the camera should, when
not actually il use, be carried in its case by its wrist strap
or it will slip into a pocket or handbag.
Yiewing and Focusing
The viewfinder of the Olympus Compact shows the sub-
i^ect in about two-thirds nalurbl size. Looking through the
finder, you can clearly see the brilliant reflected frame-which
outlines the exact field of view of the lens.
However, the area just outside this field of view is also
visible. You can thus watch the immediate surroundings of
the subject to be taken.
The-b-ri_ghJli_qe frame haq parallax marks. For close-ups
around 3.? ft (t p) subjebt area is that indicated by the -thethree marks in the frame fihder.
To obtain a sharp negative, set the distance from the
camera to the subject as accurately as possible. On the
models without built-in rangefinder, estimate the distance
and set it on the camela by turning the focusing ring until
the required distance figure is oppbsite the distancdindex
mark.
There are also zone focus distance symbols on these
models for simplified distance setting. These indicate ,.Land-
scape", "Group", "Portrait" and "Close-up" and can be
t2View original page 13Page 14 · Read text
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seen on the lens mount and on EC model also in the view-
t_he focusing ring an indicator points to tnder. As you turnthe appropriate symbol.
On Olympus Compact models SP, ECR, RC, DC and ED
the coupled rangefinder measures the distance and at the
qame time brings the camera lens automatically into correct
focus. To use the rangefinder, look through the combined
viewfinder/r_angefinder eyepiece. You will iee a bright rect-
qngglar field, and in this field the image of the subject appears
double. _As you slowly turn the lens focusing mount, tle two
images fuse into ole. Stop when the two images are super-
i1posed; the_lens is then focused accurately on the subject.
The orthodox way of rangefinder focusing just described
is suitable for stationary br slow-moving subjects. For
lgtion subjects a differenf method of focusing is iuggested.
There you set the camera and the rangefindei to a iiistance
at which the subject will be at a given moment, or focus on a
spot which the subject has to pass. Watch the scene in the
rangefinder, and press the release button when the two
rangefinder images coincide, indicating that the subject has
reached the pre-focused point.
With subjects liable to react self-consciously (e.g., chil- -dren), set the le_ns to a suitable distance and then-approach
yo]rr quickly,^exposing as soon as the two images .sybjec1.coincide in the rangefinder.
Alternatively, focus on some object which is the same
distance from the camera as your real subject, but in a
different direction. When the range is found, swing the
camera round and press the release button as soon as your
subject comes into the field of view.
Shooting
Practice the follo*iqg operations first with an empty
carnera u-ntll you can do them almost automaticalty. Thi:
release of the models Trip, SP, RC, DC and ED will not
work if there is insufficient light available to take the picture.
l. IVork ffus film hansport. This advances the film counter
and tensions the shutter.
13View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
2a. The olympus cgpna$ selects the correct shutter speed
combination automatically. Models Spand -aperture RC have to be set to "Auto" if they aie to be used with
the automatic system (see also page 33 ..Exposure").
2b. set camera to manual control on models sp and Rc if
you want to choose the aperture and shutter speed (see
also page 33 "Exposure").
3. Focus and determine the picture area to obtain a sharp
picture and the view you want.
4. Release the shutter gently.
Fitm Packings
The Olympus Compact cameras, like the majority of 35
mm miniature cameras, use standard perforate-d miniature
film, 35 mm wide. It is available in various packings (see
also page 9), tne most convenient being staniard Aiytigni cassettes. These are light-tight containeis with a ready Eut
and trimmed length of film for 36 or 20 exposures (6r 12
exposures for some colour negative films). the cassitte is
loaded into the camera in dayiight.
Avoid loading or unloading ihe camera in briniant sun- -.
Irght though. choose a shady spot or do it in the shadow of
your own body if nothing better is available.
Loading
1. open the camera back. slide the catch at the base of the
side wall of the camera downwards and the back wili
spring open.
2. fnsert the film cassette. On models Trip. EC and ECR
pull out the rewind crank and place the 6issette, with the
protruding film end pointing to the take-up spool, into
the cassette chamber. Fully push back the rewind crank,
1o^tt$^it englgJs in the Caisette spool. On models Sp, RC, DC and ED the cassette is inJerted without pullinj
out the rewind crank.
3. Fix the film end to the take.up spool. pull out about 3| in.
of film until the first perforatioh on the lower part of tne
t4View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
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LOADING
Iop: OPen camera by slldlng the catch downward. Putl up rewlnd knob of Trip, EC and ECR modets.lns.ert film cassette.and purh back rewlnd knob. lnsert cissette into SP, nC airi OCmoa;;;tih;;;pulllng up rewlnd knob.
Middle: Lead film across back ofcamera and Insert Into any slot In take-up spool. pull film taut withtranspoft lever or wheel. close camGra back. wlth apertuie rlng tuined;dtfr; A;;;;;;i.;H;bllnd exposures.
&ttorn: Set film speed. left to rlght: DC, ECR and RC, Sp, EC, Trlp.View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
film protrudes from the cassette. Insert the film end into
any of the slots of the take-up spool as far as it will
go.
Turn the film transport until the film is just taut and
its top perforations engage in the sprocket wheel.
4. Close camera back, by pressing the back against the
camera body, when it will click shut.
5. Make two blind expo$res. Turn the aperture ring away
from "Auto" setting. Now operate the film transport and
release the shutter. Repeat this and then operate the
transport again. The film counter will now indicate No.
1, showing that the first fllm frame is ready to be exposed.
While transporting the film, watch that the centre of the
rewind crank rotates. This indicates that the film advances
correctly from the cassette to take-up spool. Turn the
aperture ring again to "Auto" setting.
6. Set film speed on lens rim of models except SP. On
model SP the film speed knob is in camera side wall.
tlnloading
When the whole film has been exposed the film counter
will indicate No. 36 or 20 according to the length of film
used. The transport cannot be turned any further and
indicates that all the film has been used up. Do not wind on
by force, otherwise you will tear the film out of the cassette.
1. Set for rewinding. Press in the rewind button in the base
of the camera; this disengages the transport sprocket of
the camera.
2. Rewind ffus film. Lift up the crank handle in the rewind
knob and turn it in a clockwise direction until you
eventually feel a resistance as you come to the film end
clipped under the spring of the take-up spool. Turn on
beyond this resistance, and give another two to three
turns.
3. Otrlen the camera back, as for loading. Pull up the
rewind knob fully on models Trip, EC and ECR.
16View original page 17Page 18 · Read text
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U NLOADING
Iop.' Press In rewind button, Lift up crank handle and rewlnd f'llm. Open camera back.
Eottom : Remove cassette.
217View original page 18Page 19 · Read text
4. Remove the cassette. Then close the camera back or
reload with a new film.
Cutting off Exposed Lengths
If a film which is only partly exposed has to be processed,
advance the film for the next exposure. Then take the
camera into a darkroom-or work in complete darkness.
Open up the camera back and lift the cassette out of its
chamber. With a pair of scissors cut through the frame
which lies in the film aperture. Put the cassette down and
carefully withdraw the exposed film from the take-up spool
and either put it in a light-tight container or load it innme-
diately into your developing tank. Now you can retrim the
remainder of the film (see page 20), fix it again on the take-
up spool, and close the camera. It is ready for the nextexposure. The counter restarts from zero (: and you -2)have also to allow for four frames lost (the amount of film
lost through cutting and reloading).
The reinserting can be done in daylight. In this case a
total of about six frames are lost.
Note that some colour films which are sold at a price that
includes processing by the manufacturers of the film can
(for automated processing reasons) be accepted only in full
lengths.
Changing Partly-exposed. Films
To replace a partly-exposed film by another one, for
instance if you want to take a few colour photographs in
between some black-and-white shots, proceed as follows:
1. Check the number of exposed frames on the fiIm counter.
2. Rewind the film but stop immediately you feel a slight
resistance. This resistance comes from pulling the film
end from the take-up spool. If the film is to be reloaded
again, you must not pull the whole film into the cassette,
otherwise the fi"lm end would have to be extracted by
opening the cassette in the darkroom for subsequent
reinsertion into the camera.View original page 19Page 20 · Read text
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3. Unload the rewound film and write down the number of
exposures taken on the beginning of the fiIm leader. Now
you can load the camera with any other type of film.
4. Reload the camera. When reloading, load the partly-
exposed film in the usual way (page 14), but cover the
lens with a lens cap or some similar opaque object. Set
lens mount away from "Auto". Press the release and
advance the film for the initial blind exposures (page 16
"Loading", No. 5), and-with the lens still covered-go
on pressing the release and turning the transport lever to
move on the frames already exposed before. Advance the
film in this way until the film counter has reached the
number of the frame you noted before. To be on the safe
side, it is advisable to allow one more frame to pass. Set
lens mount back to "Auto".
The rest of the film can now be exposed normally.
Other FiIm Packings
In addition to standard cassettes, 35 mm black and white
film is also available in loose packings for loading into
cassettes. This is a much cheaper way of using film, as you
do not have to buy a new cassette every time with the
film.
DARKROOM REFILLS are lengths cut and trimmed to
36 exposures and have to be loaded into a cassette in total
darkness.
BULK FILM is supplied in lengths of 18 to 200 ft, and
is the most economical way of using film. A suitable length
is cut off to be loaded into a cassette in total darkness.
Working in total darkness for loading darkroom refi"lls or
bulk film is not difficult. It is, however, advisable to practise
filling with a dummy film first in daylight before starting the
darkroom work.
Handling, Winding and Trimming the Film
When handling the actual film, particular care must be
taken not to touch its emulsion (matt) side. Always handle
19View original page 20Page 21 · Read text
it and wind on to the cegtre spool of the cassette by holding
the film by either side of its edge, preferably betwe6n tnum6
same time, it is of no less impor-and index lnger. At the
,4tance that the spot on which the loading is done should be
perfectly dry, clean and dust free. I j
Whgo using bulk film in loading cassettes, the edge of the 't
work-bench can be marked with notches or drawing-pins to ,. 1l
indicate various distances, let us say for 12, 24,36 exposures
of fiIm. This considerably simplifles the measuring-of film
lengths in the darkroom.
The film ends need 11imming. At the beginning of the roll
of film make either a straight or wedge-shapedlut for the
centr_e spo-gl of the cassette and measure off the required
length of film (see table, page 22). At the end of this make
the curved cut for the take-up spool, The cut should start
between the fifth and sixth bbttom perforation-when
emulsion is towards you-and must not go through a
perforation hole.
The ready-cut film is now spooled on the centre spool of -the cartridge or cassette. While winding on, hold the film
only by its edges.
Also, take care not to press too hard on the fllm, and don't
squ-eeze the film-ends when drawing through the hand.
Failure to take the first precaution may result in fogging,
yhilg neglect ofthe latter precaution may give rise to peCuliar
kinds of exposure effect known as "lightning flashes'-'. These -appeaiare due to electrical discharges, and as dark, ngng
lines running from the edge of the film towards the centre
of the picture.
Loadhg Statdard Cossettes
The majority of cassettes consist of a centre spool which
is in a shell with top and bottom cover. The film leaves the
shell by _a light-trapped slot. The centre spool can be
removed from the shell by removing either top or bottom of
the cassette, according to the construction of the particular
container.
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TRIMMING AND VVINDING FILMS
l, 2. Templates are available to facllitate the trimmlng of the ends of 35 mm. film. 3, The appearancc
of the trlmmed film when using a template. Modern practice is, in fact, to trim the "tail" square and
to attach it to the cassette spool with adhesive tape. The "leader" is trimmed only to the extent
requlred by the camera.4. The film cassette, its outer shell, spool and removable top. 5. The adhesive-
tape method ofaffixing the film to the cassette spool. Note that the tape holds both sides ofthe film.
6, Method ofusing a mechanical film winderfor cassette loading. T. Placing the film in the cassette.
2LView original page 22From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
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