Olympus Flash Group Guide Reference guide

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aTypes of Lightings. Selection             aSelection of the Camera        .27     aSelection of Cords and Cases   . 37
   of Flash Mode and Basic                oSelection of the Flash Unit      -zY     oCombination with Units of
  Assemblies       ......2O        oSelection of the Mount          .31      OtherGroups       .....38
aselection of the Flash Mode . . . 25     aSelection of the Power Source      .JJ





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rnE pLEAsuREs oF FLAsH pHorocRApHy@
A remarkable number of people have     with confidence. "ln dim light, use an      is more, whereas the real sun will not
 the idea that flash photography is dif-     electronic flash." is a maxim that has    change its brightness and position to
 ficult. However, the whole point of     rapidly become accepted as the best     suit the iphotographer's requirements,
 f lash is to make photography easy when    method for beginners to keep failures      electronic   f lash can be freely controlled
 lighting conditions are poor. Nonethe-     to a minimum.                        to provide precisely the illumination
 less, it must be admitted that, with     There are several reasonswhy electronic      desired. Thus, by making available light
 conventional manual flash units, the     flash has become accepted as the best     of predetermined quality and intensity,
 annoying problem of calculating the    form of artificial lighting for photogra-     wherever and in whatever direction  re-
 exposure setting according to the guide      phers, and therefore grown widely pop-     quired, electronic flash actually makes
 number made the use of flash trouble-     ular. 1) Because the color and quality     photography easier.
 some for many photographers.              of electronic   f lashlight closely resemble    That is not all. The extremely short
 This problem was solved with the in-     those of sunlight, normal daylightcolor     duration of the flash emission means
 troduction of automatic flash units.     film can be used without the need for    the person you are photographing  is
 Flash units able to get the right expo-      speciaf  f ilters, etc. 2l Because electronic     not inconvenienced by the brilliant light
 sure automatically, in the same way as     flash is extremely fast, even rapidly    or heat of, for example, studio lamps.
 automatic cameras, eliminated the need    moving subjects can be stopped and     Therefore babies, children or pets can
 for time-consuming calculations and     captured without any blurring. 3) The    be captured naturally. This makes elec-
 made flash photography a much faster,    compact size of electronic flash units    tronic flash almost indispensable for
 more positive busi ness.                makes them easy to carry, while the     casual family photography.
 For most beginners, shooting in dim     fact that they contain their own power    Apart from these general applications,
 light is a big problem, because slow     source means they can be used any-     electronic flash is also a highly valued
 shutter speeds inevitably result in    where. 4) Because the flash emission is    expressive tool for the experienced
 blurred pictures. Equally, color photo-    so powerful, the lens aperture can be    cameraman. Among the many ways in
 graphy in artificial light, such as fluo-    closed down far enough to guarantee    which flash can help him achieve better
 rescent lighting, frequently leads to     sharply focused pictures. 5) Because     pictures are daylight synchronization
 disappointing  pictures because the color     electronic flash units give several hun-     to relieve the shadows with backlit sub-
 balance is distorted. ln both these cir-    dred flashes with one set of batteries,     jects and reduce excessive contrast  in
 cumstances, electronic-flash photogra-    or one recharging, they are also very    harsh sunlight, bounce flash, diffused
 phy is the answer. Without having to     economical.                                   lighting, the use of several flashes at
 worry about camera shake or poor color    These features have led to electronic    the same time, etc. These capabilities
 balance, the photographer can shoot     flash being called "portable sun". What    enable him to gain a new mastery over

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the creative process.
In addition, recent automatic   f lash units
have opened up entirely new possibili-
ties in the  f ield of close-up photography.
With a  f lash duration of as little as 1/
40,000 sec., they can stop movement
far too quick to be noticed by the
human eye. For instance, by sharply
capturing the wing movements of small
insects or birds, they can reveal to us a
side of nature we could appreciate in
no other way.
Normally extreme close-up photogra-
phy is very difficult. The lens must be
stopped down to get adequate depth of
field, and slow shutter speeds become
inevitable even though the subject is
probably moving or blowing in the
wind. The use of compact electronic
flash completely changes the picture,
by allowing the lens aperture to be
closed right down for adequate depth
of field and at the same time flashing
fast enough to eliminate all risk of
movement spoiling the photograph.
The Flashphoto Group, by providing
automatically controlled lighting,
makes a whole range of  versatile
techniques easy, and should prove of
the greatest interest to the photogra-
phic community.       (Akio Kojima)

@ oIFFUsED LtcHTtNG                        www.butkus.us
When a translucent piece of cloth or
some similar material is placed between
the flash and the subject, the result is
known as diff used lighting. The purpose
of this method is mainly: 1 ) to convert
the electronic  f lash (a point source) in-
to a surface source to obtain a soft
 lighting effect, 2) to scatter the light
to match the coverage of wide-angle
 lenses, and 3) to illuminate the subject
with different quality light by the aid
of color filters, polarizing filters, etc.
Covering the flash unit directly with
a handkerchief will scatter the light and
increase the angle of illumination, but
the soft lighting effect cannot be ob-
tained. For this effect it is advisable to
keep the diffuser at a suitable distance
(at least 40cm) from the flash, and
make sure the area of the diffuser  is
large enough. With conventional auto
f lash units, the diffuser will also cover
the light sensor, making correct ex-
posures diffucilt to achieve. In TTL
(off-the-f ilm) Auto mode, however,
the normal auto sensor of the  f lash unit
                                                                                                                                                                                '";":can be covered freely, as only the light
actually reaching the film is measur-                                                                                                                                                                'nr,'"*..o
ed by the SBC sensors inside the OM-2.
                      (Akio Kojima)

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normal auto mode. ln the moreadvanc-
ed method, the T32 is slipped into the
hot shoe of the Power Bounce Grip 2,
with the bounce head rotated to the
right or left, or tilted backward point-
ing at a wall to obtain reflected light.
The sidelighting method gives more
natural, three-dimensional resu lts than
those obtained by the simple method
above. Accurate and easy sidelighting
can be achieved by exploiting the TTL
Centralized Control Flash capability
of the OM-2. A word of warning when
you are using bounce flash: if the ceil-
ing or wall you are using to bounce
the light is colored, this will have an ef-
fect on the color of the photograph.
In manual flash mode, correct ex-
posures for bounce lighting cannot be
calculated by guide numbers, as the
ref lection factors of the walls, ceilings,


                                                            ".;:..   _





                                                                                                             Digitally signed by Mike Butkus
                                                                                  DN: cn=Mike Butkus, o=Butkus camera
                                                                                         manuals, ou=butkus.org,            Mike Butkus email=mike@butkus.org, c=US
                                                                                               Date: 2022.01.28 21:17:23 -05'00'

@ uruLTrPLE FLASH PHoTocRAPHY
Because of its nature, electronic flash   and the amount of light from each in-     the flash units according to a plan. The
is often used for snapshots, photo-    dividual  f lash unit is centrally controll-      effect of the light from an electronic
graphs of moving subjects,  inf ormal   ed by this system. The following are     flash unit cannot be,checked by eye;
shots of special events and other situa-   some uses of multiple flash photo-     therefore, the ability to previsualize
tions where there is not enough avail-    graphy.                                  through experience  is the only way. lf
able light to provide a fast enough shut-   (1)When only one key, or main, light    you remember the rules of direct and
ter speed. But tungsten lighting is con-         is used a special auxiliary light can       ref lected light, which are the basic
sidered more appropriate where elabo-       be used to eliminate the shadow on     types, you will find that being able to
rate and suitable lighting is required.       the background.                           previsualize the lighting effect that will
 Electronic flash, however, is compact     (2l.For lighting with one key lightfrom    be produced by any arrangement of
and can produce a large volume of light       the side to show the form, a second       lights is not that diff icult.
instantaneously. lt is also more advan-        auxiliary light can be used to keep   One important factor in the use of
tageous than tungsten lighting from the       the shadow side of the subject from     multiple lighting is to use care con-
viewpoints of portability and ease of       being too dark and to produce the     cerning the balance between the main
                                                                             '  desired contrast.                  and auxiliary lights. One method ofhandling. For these reasons, multiple
electronic flash set-ups have recently   (3)A part of the subject can be em-     adjusting balance is to vary the dis-
become widely used.                        phasized by creating highlights us-    tance from the flash to the subject,
When two or more electronic  f lash units       ing strong, direct lighting. This  is     using the rule that light intensity  is in-
are used together, exposure cannot be        called accent   I ighting.                   versely proportional to the distance.
simply calculated from the guide num-     (4) For subjects where the  light    In other words, moving a flash two
bers, nor is normal automatic exposure                 f rom the camera position is not     times its original distance from the sub-
control possible. This exposure calcula-         suff icient to illuminate the back      ject will cut the light reaching the sub-
tion is an obstacle to multiple flash        part, other flash units can be placed     ject in half. Another method is to
photography.                                         in the back as auxiliaries.              weaken the intensity by using a diffuser
This troublesome problem can now be   Under actual conditions, the above     or bounce flash, or to place a ND filter
solved by using the TTL Auto Con-    methods can be combined to produce     or soft white cloth over the flash head.
nector, TTL Auto Cord and TTL Auto     effective lighting that meets individual       It is best to avoid overlapping of the
Multi Connector with the Olympus     purposes and needs.                         light from flash units of the same
OM-2. All of the light from the elec-  A technical point to consider in the     strength coming from different direc-
tronic flash units illuminating the sub-    use of multiple  f lash lighting  is to pre-      tions. This doubling of the light pro-
iect enters through the camera lens     visualize the lighting effect and arrange     duces an unnatural effect.

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 Electronic flash units are often used
as accent lights from the back or at
an angle, but care should be used be-
cause failures may occur if an error
 is made.
Thinking up an electronic   f lash arrange-
ment where the effect of the total re-
flection from the surface of the sub-          l.
ject has been calculated takes skill.
                                                                                                         4'Such arrangements   f req uently have                  . . :;al
flash units faced toward the camera, so
care must be exercised to prevent hala-
tion.
The use of electronic   f lash for multiole
lighting encompasses many difficult
problems such as these and some ex-
perience is required. But let's say
that learning and using these advanced
techniques can be as interesting as the
resulting photographs. (Akio Kojima)
 An overhead lamp
 to highlight hair
                                                                                                                                                               ry*i,.,ru,  !!916.u',,
                                                                                                                                                             :#:iili#is*,W .@;;





  Main light

                                                                                         10 ._

@ cr-osE-uP FLAsH PHoTocRAPHY
 o The Need for Flash in Close-Up        number at distances above one meter,     siderations of magnification, aperture
   Photography                          but with the higher magnifications and    and other factors.
 Electronic flash is extremely useful in    smaller apertures required for close-up    For close-up and macrophotography,
 close-up and macrophotography.  lt  is    pictures the system becomes unwork-    the T32  f lash unit should not be mount-
 especially effective for the photography     able, and getting the flash-to-subject   ed directly on the OM-2 camera ac-
 of small moving creatures such as in-    distance and f lash setting right becomes    cessory shoe because parallax would
 sects. One reason is that the use of ex-   a matter of trial and'error. Thus the     result in the light being concentrated
 tension tubes or bellows to magnify    photographer is obliged either to fix   on the upper part of the subject, and
 the subject greatly increases the ex-   the flash-to-subject distance and vary    the lens barrel would also obstruct the
 posure factor. Another is that, even    the aperture, or fix the aperture and     light path. Instead, the flash unit  is
 using the same aperture as that for    vary the flash-to-subject  distance until    positioned at a distance  f rom the
 normal portaits, etc., the depth of  f ield    repeated tests and experience show the    camera so that light can reach the sub-
 becomes exceedingly shallow, more or    correct exposure values. Even then the     ject freely, and connected to the cam-
 less restricting photography to motion-     results are not fuliy satisfactory because    era via the TTL Auto Connector and
 less subjects. With the use of electronic    the differing  ref lection factors of differ-    the TTL Auto Cord T0.6m. There
 flash, photography  is possible even at    ent subjects modify ideal exposure re-      is only one other point to remember.
 such minimum apertures as F22, while    quirements. In fact, the only way to    Note must be taken of the minimum
 the incredibly high speed of electronic    get perfect exposures is by continuous     flash-to-subject distance for the aper-
 flash is effective both in arresting fast    testing for each new subject. Naturally,    ture used. At closer distances the limits
 moving subjects and in countering loss       if a different  f ilm is used, the tests must    of the automatic flash emission control
 of quality from camera movement.       be repeated over again. This makes the     are exceeded, resulting in overexposure.
 o The Drawbacks of Conventional        use of conventional electronic flash    o Actual Photography
   Electronic Flash                      units for close-up photography ex-   For close-up or macrophotography
 However, although in theory electronic    tremely complicated.                    with the T32 and OM-2 with exten-
  f lash is ideal for close-up photography,   o The ldeal Close-Up Performance of       sion tubes or bellows, switch the camera
 in fact conventional flash units have      the T32                             to "AUTO" and, pointing the camera
 several serious drawbacks. The worst is   With the world's first TTL Centralized     at the subject, check in the viewfinder
 the diff iculty of calculating correct ex-   Control Flash system, developed by    that the shutter speed is in the blue
 posure settings at close distances. Con-     Of ympus, the T32 linked to  the    range (1/30 sec. or slower). (With film
 ventional flash units allow exposure   Olympus OM-2 guarantees perfect ex-    of ASA 100 or slower, at image magni-
 calculation by the use of the guide   posures by completely bypassing con-     fications of over 1:1 and with an aper-
                                                                                                                                         ll

ulrRA HrcH-spEED FLASH pHorocRApHy@
The flash duration of an ordinary com-
pact electronic flash is a fraction of
one hundredth of a second atfull power
 f lash. However, an automatic   f lash
operating at close distances adiusts the
flash emission automatically by cutting
 it off to achieve the correct exposure,
thereby reducing flash duration even
further. At very close distances the
flash duration is reduced to extremely
short times measured in fractions of
one ten-thousandth  of a second. We are
able to make use of such ultra fast f lash
emmissions to stop and capture on film
movement far too fast to be perceived
by the human eye. Examples are the
wings of an insect in  f light, the bursting
of a balloon, or the corona formed by
a drop of milk rejoining its fellows.
 Ultra high-speed flash photography is a
 highly fascinating art that enables us to
discover previously unsuspected forms,
the secrets of animal movement, the
dynamics of a fluid, etc. Getting the
 split-second timing right for such photo-
graphs is extremely  diff icult, but success
 well repays the effort involved. The TTL
 (off-the-f ilm) Auto mode helps facilitate
 this because the flash duration can be
controlled freely by adjusting the lens
aperture to match subject movements.
                       (Akio Kojima)

                                              t3_

coMPENsATtoN              www.butkus.usffi exeosuRE
 In contrast with conventional automatic
flash units which have a light sensor
with a fixed incident angle, the TTL
Auto  f lash unit is ideal for SLR photo-
graphy because the light is measured
through the taking lens by the sensors
built into the camera. However, just as
any automatic EE camera needs ex-
posure compensation in certain condi-
tions, the same compensation  is neces-
sary even with TTL Auto flash in the
following subject conditions. The com-
pensation is made simply by turning
the exposure compensation  dial on the
OM-2 to the plus (+) or (-) side before
shooti ng.
Compensation for underexposure (turn-
ing the dial toward the plus side) is
necessary when:
UJ A  bright background such as a
   white wall  f ills most of the view-
    finder picture area.
(?t Taking highly reflective subjects
   such as a person in white clothes
   or a picture in which specular ob-
    jects are included.
Compensation for overexposure (turn-
ing the dial toward the minus side) is
necessary when:
() A black background or dark sky oc-
 _ cupies most of the central area.(4 The main subject is distant from
   the background wall, etc. (see the
   picture shown here).
                      (Akio Kojima)

onvlrcHT sYNcHRoNtzATtoN@
 In natural light photography using the
sun as the light source, we have no
choice but to make use of the direc-
tion and quality of rhe light as we find
 it. Sometimes the direct light of the
sun produces undesirably high contrast,
and often backlit pictures leave the face
 of the subject in darkness. Also, the sun
cannot directly reach main subjects
shadowed by trees, etc,, and, pictures
taken on a rainy day will tend to turn
out to be bluish. At such times a metal-
foil reflector is often used to supple-
ment the light on shadowed subiects.
But this only works if the reflector can
be positioned to reflect strong, direct
light, and in any case this kind of equip-
ment is much too bulky to carry around
all the time. As an alternative method.
the use of daylight synchronized  flash
has recently become very popular.
Unlike when flash is used as the main
light source, in this case the brightness
of the flash must be balanced with
the brightness of the background.
Rather than automatic flash which
responds to the ambient light, the man-
nual flash mode is more suitable to
optimally balance the brightness levels,
with the correct F stop calculated by
guide numbers.          (Akio Kojima)

@ cHnRAcrERrsncs oF THE oM FLAsHpHoTowww.butkus.uscRoup
       The electronic flash unit acts as a man-      built-in light sensor has a fixed accept-    designed for ultimate portability, has
      made sun when the photographer  is     ance angle that cannot adapt to the dif-     a guide number of 2O (ASA 100, meters)
        shooting at night or indoors.  lts  f lash     ferent viewing angles of lenses.            or 66 (ASA 100, feet) and a f lash angle
        duration is virtually instantaneous  so   The Olympus camera designers con-    wide enough for a 35mm lens. Both
            it can  f reeze fast moving subjects     sidered the flash unit not as a device   T32 and T2O offer a choice of TTL
       which are difficult for the naked eye     independent of the camera, but instead   "OTF" AUTO, normal AUTO^ and
        to capture. Thus it has become indis-    as an integral part of it and from this   MANUAL flash mode to meetaany
li    Thepensableelectronicfor 35mmf lashSLRunitphotography.comes in     functionsstandpointofwereeachablein atocomplimentaryorganize the   typements.of Thecamera"system"and lightingcharacteristicsrequire-
     many  f orms. There are the manual    manner. This more rational approach    are extended to motor driven photo-
                    f lash  (f u ll light output is used ), the     resulted first in the revolutionary OM-   graphy where comfortable shutter re-
         earlier automatic flash (power is auto-    2/Ouick Auto 310 combination, and     lease is possible by simply pressing a
         matically adjusted for correct exposure   now the more refined OM-2rrr lT32 to    button on the bounce grip, linked
       depending on different focused dis-    make advanced  f lash photography easy    with the motor drive (or winder) via
        tances and unused power is extinguish-     to achieve. Everything depends on the   the M. Grip Cord. The "high relia-
      ed) and lately the series-circuit or    OM-2's TTL Direct "Off-the-Film"     bility"  characteristics are illustrated
         thyristor automatic (unused power is     Light Measuring Method. lt eliminates   by the sturdy TTL Auto Cord which
       conserved for next flash). Because     inconveniences and cumbersome oper-     will not slip out accidentally and can
         flash units have taken a separate path     ating procedures and simplif ies lighting   be removed only when the photo-
        of development from that of cameras,     techniques such as bounce, diffused,    grapher pulls it tightly, holding on the
        procedures in actual use are inevitably     ultra close-up and multiple  f lash which     metal ring.
        complicated. For example, film speed    were previously possible only for pro-   By integrally combining flash and cam-
         rating and F stop need to be set on     fessional photographers.                 era functions, and providing a highly
       both the flash unit and the camera.     All the units in the OM Flashphoto    modular design, the versatile OM Flash-
       The appropriate shutter speed must be    Group stress "system" and high relia-   photo Group represents the world's
        set on the SLR camera so that the      bility characteristics. The T32, the core      first truly automatic flash system ideal-
         shutter curtain is fully open to synch-    of the group, is a high-output, system     ly suited to the 35mm SLR camera,
         ronize with electronic   f lash. Even auto-     flash unit. lt features a guide number    and allows beginners and professionals
        matic flash, which is generally accept-     ot 32 (ASA 100, meters) or 104 (ASA     alike to carry out easy but satisfactory
       ed as a convenient device, suffers the     100, feet) and virtually covers the pic-     flash photography.
        disadvantage (among others) that its    ture area of a 24mm lens. The T2O,

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 r Types of Lighting, Selection of Flash
   Mode, and Basic Assemblies
 For electronic flash photography, first
 the type of lighting required for the
 photographic conditions and the aim
 of the picture must be decided. Then
 the flash mode and the necessary units
 must be selected. The following
 tables show the range of possibilities
 available with various flash methods
 relying on the OM-2 and other cameras
 with the units of the Flashphoto Group.
 Please refer to pages 25-26 for d'etails
 on selection of the flash mode from
 among TTL "OTF" Centralized Control
 Flash, normal auto flash, and manual
 flash. In addition to the basic units
shown in the assemblies in the tables,
 other external power sources are avail_
 able if needed for extra long use of faster
 recycling times. Please consult the sec_
tion on selection of power sources on
page 33.
The large number of units in the OM
System Flashphoto Group is designed
to answer the needs of every kind of
electronic  f lash photography. The tables
will help you select the flash mode and
units for the sort of pictures you wish
to take.

oF THE FLASH MoDE       www.butkus.usS selEcnoN
Analysing flash photography methods                                          lens capability, so TTL Centralized
by the function of the  f lash unit, there                                          Control Flash is the ideal electronic
are three possibilities; manual flash,                                                flash system for this kind of camera.
normal auto flash and TTL Centralized                                           While normal auto flash units can also
 Control Flash. With manual flash, the                                               give a correct exposure, they are far
volume of light emitted by the flash                                                    less versatile and convenient in use.
unit is always constant. Although  it                                          Drawbacks include the need to set film
 involves manual setting of the f/stop                                          speed and lens aperture on both the
according to the subject distance, this                                         camera and the  f lash unit, restrictions
mode is the most suitable for daylight                               on the F number that can be used,
synchro  f lash.                                                                                   inability to change the light measuring
 Normal auto  f lash is a more convenient     r TTL "OTF" Centralized ControlFlash    angle of the sensor according to the
method in which a few  f /stops are    This method, developed by Olympus     taking angle of the chosen lens, etc.
 specified, and the flash unit auto-     for the first time in the world,  is the   TTL Centralized Control Flash fully
 matically regulates the  f lash volume for    most advanced auto flash method for    overcomes these drawbacks by offering
correct exposures through its built-in   SLR cameras. lt only becomes possible     the following entirely new features. 1)
auto sensor and light measuring  cir-    through the use of the OM-2 in combina-   No need to set film speed: once the
 cu it.                                      tion with the T32 or T20. In this new     film speed has been set on the camera
A further refinement on normal auto    method, the light sensors and electronic     there is no need to reset  it on the flash
 f lash is the Olympus pioneered Central-     brain are built into the OM-2 camera.     unit. 2) No need to set the aperture F
 ized Control Flash. This new method     Because the light is measured through     number either: Because the aperture  is
 involves centralized automatic regula-    the lens, factors such as lens brightness      already set on the camera lens, there is
 tion of the  f lash volume via the OM-2's   and taking angle, subject brightness,    no need to reset it on the flash unit.
 built-in TTL Direct Light Measuring      etc. are all taken into account, and the    This also eliminates exposure error
sensors and electronic brain. Because    OM-2 is able to centrally control the     caused by mistaken aperture alignment.
the light measured  is thatwhich reaches     light emission of the flash unit. This    3) F number can be selected freely:
the  f ilm through the lens, the reading is     explains the name TTL "off-the-film"     Because the light is measured through
unaffected by the way in which the  f lash     Centralized Control Flash.                the taking lens, there is no restriction
unit is used, making possible a complete-      Just as TTL (through-the-lens) exposure    on the choice of lens aperture. 4) Pho-
ly free choice of lighting methods.         measuring has become the norm for     tographic range is vastly increased: At
                                SLR cameras with their interchangeable   maximum output with the 32 guide

number                 F1.2,                        subjects       and at                          can be                                                            \photographed            from                       as far                           as 26 meters.
The minimum distance at F22 is a mere
18cm, and this can be reduced still fur-
ther if the light is diffused with a hand-
kerchief or suchlike. This feature  is very
important for SLR photography, which
is so well suited for close-ups. 5) Light
measuring angle is automatically adjust-                                                      /
ed for taking angle of lenp: The angle
of measurement is increased with wide-     r Normal Auto Flash                        r Manual Flashangle lenses and decreased with tele-                                        CenventionalMauto flash units need a    With this mehtod the volume of lightphoto lenses. An extremely apt feature                                                  light sensor to measure the brightness       is constant. Therefore the correctexpo-for SLR photography. 6) Simpte                                         of the subject. lt reads the light ref lect-    sure must be obtained by setting thebounce, diffused lighting and ultra                                 ed by the subject and, when the light    lens aperture to admit the properclose-up flash photography: The fact                                    volume reaches a predetermined  value,    amount of light. The aperture value isthat the exposure is calculated inside                                       sends a signal to the control section,    determined by dividing the guide num-the camera means that the location and                                      which cuts off the light emission. With     ber of the  f lash unit by the subject dis-method of using the flash unit are en-                                       the T32 and T2O, the calculator panel     tance. The T32 offers a choice oftirely unrestricted.  7) Simplified multi-                                                 at the back is reversed to showthe aper-    High or Low output (GN32 or GN16,flash operation: Simultaneous  f lash em-                                            ture/distance scale. The T32 offers a   ASA 100, meters) (GN1O4 or cN52,ploying two or more flash units can be                                      choice of three aperture values (F4,   ASA 100, feet). The desired outputdone easily without complicated ex-                                       F5.6 and FB, ASA 100), and the T20       is set on the calculator panel at the rearposure calculations, as the SBC sensors                                   two values (F4 and FB, ASA 100). The    of the unit, which then automaticallymeasure the light ref lected off the film                                                lens aperture should be set to the aper-    displays the appropriate aperture-to-and electronic brain centrally regulates                                        ture selected on the calculator panel.     distance scale. The Olympus PS200
the flash emission. 8) Ease of opera-   When the T32 or T20 is used together    and PS200 Ouick flash units use thetion; The only procedure required of                                      with the OM-l or OM-10, the normal    same method.the photographer is to  f lip the selector                                     auto mode is the most suitable in the    The manual mode is generally selected
lever on the OM-2 to "AUTO" and     great majority of cases.                     for daylight synchro  f lash or other spe-switch the T  f lash unit on.                                                                                                  cialized photography.

THE cAM ERA            www.butkus.us@ selecnoN oF
Along with the progress in electronic
flash technology, there has been further
development of camera design too. As
a result. in some cases  f lash performance
 is limited by the capabilitiesof thecam-
era. Alternatively, the kinds of flash
lighting that can be deployed will be
limited by the modes of function avail-
able on the flash unit. These points are
clarified in the tables on pages 21-24,
which should be consulted in making                                             r OM-2ru (OM-2)                             r OM-1n (OM-11first your camera selection, then your                                             All three  f lash modes can be used: e    The available  f lash modes are: @ nor-selection of flash unit and kinds of                               TTL Centralized Control Flash, f2 nor-    mal auto flash, and @ manual flash.lighting. Because the latest  f lash system,                                                                                                                                                                                                                         f lash unit directly on the                                  mal auto  f lash, and @ manual flash.    To mount theTTL Centralized Control Flash,depends                                  The Accessory Shoe 4 (OM-2r'r ) or Ac-     camera, the Accessory Shoe 4 (OM-1  rrr )on a light emission control function                                        cessory Shoe 3 (OM-2) is needed to    or Accessory Shoe 1 (OM-1 ) is used.built into the camera, it is only possible                                 mount the  f lash unit directly on the    When the Power Bounce Grip 2 is used,when the OM-2n (OM-2) camera  is                                        camera. For use with the Power Bounce     the electrical connection is made by theused. In the case of auto-exposure (EE)                                       Grip 2, the accessory shoe must be re-   TTL Auto Connector Type 4/TTL Autocompact cameras on which the aperture                                    moved, and the TTL Auto Connector    Cord (in the case of OM-1r! to makecannot be set manually. normal auto                                         (Type 4 with OM-2r'r, Type 3 with OM-    use of the viewf inder  f lash indication)flash is also impossible, and only                                     2) is screwed into the hot shoe socket    or the synch cord built in the bracketmanual flash can be used. lf the cam-                                   and connected to the bounce grip via     section (the viewf inder  f lash indicationera provides a 'Flashmatic' system, how-                                          the TTL Auto Cord.                      cannot be seen).ever, manual  f lash is also made simple.                                  The camera incorporates a mechanismIn short. suitable flash units and flash                                          to prevent accidental flash by stoppingmethods will vary according to the                                    the flash unit from firing at shutter    , posure without taking his eyes off thecapabilities of the camera selected.                                             speeds faster than  1 /60 sec.                  subject. When the T32 or f2O is f ittedThus the choice of camera must be                             An LED indicator in the OM-2n view-     into the Accessory Shoe 4, "X " synchrogoverned by the flash performance and                                            finder lets the photographer check the       is set automatically. With the OM-2, setf lash method required.                                              flash charge and correct auto flash ex- /  the flash synchro selector to "X".

I oM-10
The available flash modes are: @ nor-
mal auto flash and @ manual flash.
The OM-l0 has an accessory shoe per-
manently attached to the camera. The
synch circuit is set to "X" and the shut-
ter speed to 1/60 sec. automatically
when the f32 or T2O is slipped into
the accessory shoe and turned on. lf a
shutter speed of 'll30 sec. or slower is
needed (e.9. for daylight  fill-in), set
the mode dial on the top of the camera
tO ,,MANUAL ADAPTER" ANd thE
Manual Adapter to the desired shutter
speed. The OM-'10 incorporates the
viewfinder flash indication. The Power
Bounce Grip 2 cannot be used with the
OM-10. When using the T2O on the OM-
10 with its manual adapter make sure
the Manual Adapter is set to 1 /30 sec.
or slower (light blue) for correct flash
synchro n ization.




                   2a

HI selecnoN oF THE FLAsH uNrr       www.butkus.us
The variety and range of lighting avail-
able will depend on the performance of
the  f lash unit, There are two basic elec-
tronic flash unit formats: the small,
lightweight clip-on type that attaches
directly to the camera, and the pro-
fessional grip type.
In terms of function, there are manual
flash and auto flash. Among auto flash
units, there is the type using the inex-
pensive bypass method. There is also     I Electronic Flash T32                     ture of the taking lens can be set ab-the type using the expensive series                                        This  f lash unit is the central unit in the      solutely freely. Used alone, the T32 em-method, in which only the energy re-                    OM System Flashphoto Group. The     bodies the ultimate in versatility forquired to produce the flash is used,                            T32 is a series type auto ilash unit      clip-on type flash units. lts flash sur-and the remainder is stored for later                                        with a high GN32 guide number (ASA      face can be tilted through an angle ofuse. This type makes possible fast                                       100, meters, at peak) or GN104 in feet     9Oo upward and  'l 5" downward. Mount-
repeated   f lash performance.          (ASA 100), and a  f lash angle large    ed on the Power Bounce Grip 2, theFurther, depending on the location of                                    enough to give virtually complete cover-     bounce angle range is extended further:
the light sensor, there are two kinds of                                          age with a 24mm super wide-angle lens.     90" upward, 20o downward,24O" lelt
auto flash: normal auto flash and TTL                                          Flash methods include the world's  f irst     and 60' right, allowing free choice of"OTF" Centralized Control Flash.                            TTL "OTF" Centralized Control Flash      sidelighting and backbounce lighting.Other criteria for the selection of the                                       in combination with the OM-2 (OM-     Comfortable motor-driven  f lash ohoto-f lash unit are the guide number (GN),                                                                          2r.r ), normal auto flash, and manual     graphy is possible with the motor driv€which indicates the flash brightness,                                                flash. In TTL "OTF" Centralized Con-      or winder unit linked with the bouncethe angle of coverage, the number of                                            trol Flash, both the auto light sensors      grip via M. Grip Cord, by pressing theflashes the unit will produce, the re-                                  and the electronic brain that controls      shutter release provided on the Powercycling time, performance in close-up                                         the volume of the  f lash emission are in-     Bounce Grip 2, As described above,photography, the simplicity of using                                          corporated  in the OM-2 camera. Because      together with the large numberof otherbounce and diffused lighting tech-                                         the light is measured through the taking      availabfe system units, the T32lOM-2niques, etc. Your choice of unit should                                                lens, the film speed and aperture need     combination is ideal for every kind ofbe made according to your flash photo-                                       be set only on the camera, and the aper-      flash photography, making possible a

www.butkus.usr5ll SELECTION OF   W THE MOUNT
            The mount referred to here is the mount
            used mainly for the attachment of the
                                 f lash unit. On some cameras the mount
               (or accessory shoe) is fixed, making a
              choice impossible. The OM-1 and OM-2
           camera bodies are designed to allow
         a choice of mounts for flash photo-
              graphy, depending on the photographic
             requirements. (The OM-10 has a built-
              in hot shoe). The available mounts in-
            clude the Accessory Shoes which are
            mainly for on{amera direct flash, and
             the Power Bounce Grip 2 which allows
          a greater degree of versatility. As its
           name indicates, the bounce grip allows
                 tilting or swiveling of the angle of the
               flash surface (T32 or T20) so that the
                light can be aimed at the ceiling or a
              wall, and the resulting reflected light
            used as the source of illumination for
            uncomplicated bounce flash photo-
             graphy. lt also incorporates a powerful
              additional power source, which is ac-
              tivated simultaneously, and works in
            tandem, with the power source housed
               in the flash unit, thereby speeding up
            the recycling time, so that the bounce
               grip is also highly useful for flash photo-
            graphy requiring many different cuts,
          and for rapid repeated flash photo-
              graphy.

www.butkus.usTHE PowER souRcE          @ selecnoN oF
                                The power sources for electronic  f lash    To satisfy these requirements. C bat-
                                         units include penlight (AA) batteries,      teries, which are considerably more
                                 "C" batteries, household current con-     powerful, are available. With alkaline
                                      verted by an Electronic Flash AC      batteries of this type. some 200 flashes
                                     Adapter 2. The most suitable power     can be obtained, with a recycling time
                                          source should be selected according to     of up to 9 sec., a performance some
                                  the particular photographic purpose.    2 times greater than that of penlight
                               Among compact electronic flash units      batteries. Electronic flash units with
                                            intended for normal amateur use, a large      this performance are generally of theOA        proportion relies on two or four pen-     grip type. with the grip permanently
                                                  light batteries as the power source. The     attached to the main flash unit- The
@TTL Auto Multi Connector            number of flashes, specially with auto      batteries Jor this type must normally
 Allows two or more flash units (T32s     flash units, depends on the subjects dis-    be carried in a supplemental  external
 or T20s) to be combined to perform     tance, or in other words the volume of     power pacK.
 simultaneous flash photography. One     the flash, but with alkaline batteries  is      ln the OM'System Flashphoto Group,
 side is orovided with three socket term-     generally around 100 flashes. Rgcycling      penlight batteries are accomodated  in-
 inals. each of which accepts a TTL Auto    time is normally fr:om around seven to     side the main flash unit, and supple-
 Cord which in turn is linked to a f lash    ten seconds. While the use of penlight     mentary C type batteries inside the
 unit. The opposite side having a single     batteries as the power source brings       grip. One more alternative is the use oJ
TTL Auto Cord socket is connected     great advantages in terms of compact-     household eleitric current with the
 with the TTL Auto Connector and     ness, lightness and handling, they are      Electronic Flash AC Adapter 2.
 screwed into the hot shoe socket of     rather limited with respect to recycling
 the camera.                           time and the number of flashes they
@TTL Auto connector T20              provide. Electronic flash for profes-
 Allows the T20 to be connected with     sional level work must satisfy a number
 the OM-2N, OM-2 and OM-lru via the    of additional requirements: the light
 TTL Auto Cord and TTLAuto Connec-    output must be high, the number of
 tor for off-camera flash (hand-held or    flashes large, and the recycling time
 tripod mounted.)                            short, while at the same time the flash
                                             unit must still be easy to carry.