PERIFLEX Guide Reference guide

Page 7 · Read text

transDorting thefilm, but is coupled to the doubte exPosure
o*-u.lntion?evice. The body release is fitted with a release
!u.rd and placed on the front of the camera body; a screw- syn' Sver cable'release can be fitted to it. The shutter is
chionized for use with flashbulbs and electronic flash.
The lens screws into the camera body and is interchang.e-
able with any of the wide range of ienses made for the
cameras. and Canon Leica,-;i;p;JReid into the camera base in line with is fitted Urit'
the leni.
The Periflex camera has been produced_ for a number of
years and during this time some minor changes have been
special ;;;;-'h;*""uti these are so insignificant ttat no
reference has been made to them in this guide'

The L,enses
cm.) The standard lens of the Periflex is the 2 in. (5 l^t is a coated Lumar x f 3.5 in fixed light metal mounting. in. to J-glass anastigmat with a-focusine range from 2ft.2 l6; infinitv and an scale eng-raved-3'5,4,5'q,8' ll'
This newly designed il';i; n"r . l.itt"plttri"of field indicitor. iil disiinguistres itself by a. hig.h degree of correction, critical defi"nition, brilliancd and co-lour correction' lt covers mount. its within recessed is deeply and of 47" ansle an- an designe{.as been Ldniar cm.) (4.5 f t.9 has iiin. ih!
extra fasl lenifor *oik under unfavourab,le light conditions,
ouick action, ,por6 photography with fast ipeeds, colour 'tt odctoselupi. i;;i:;;J;iiiip., is a six etement, coated performante in a n.ey type helical focus' ;;;]fiilf i',gtr inf rlunt wirh'hardened thread and focuiing range from
infrnity to aPProximatelY l2 in.
For auxiliiiY lenses see Page 72'

Lens Coating
The Periflex lenses are coated. This consists of the SPPlica'
'1. ,6 tion of a microscoficallywww.butkus.usfine coat of an inorganic substance

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on the glass surface, which considerably reduces the light
reflection at glass-air surfaces in the lens. The gain will be
fully appreciated if it is understood that in a lens like the
Lumar X, the loss of light due to surface reflection would be
about 40 per cent. and is reduced by coating to about
5 per cent.
Apart from a gain in the speed of the lens, which may in
actual practice be nearly 50 per cent. (half a stop), the main
importance of coating lies in the elimination of the scattered
light which impairs the contrast of the image. This results
in a more brilliant negative, especially in the shadow regions
where the tones are most subdued and so brilliance and
contrast are most needed,
The Gare of tenses
The treatment and care of lenses is a matter of importance. Due to
its chemical composition, optical glass of high quality is susceptible to
the influence of moisture, and for this reason touching the glass with
the fingers should be avoided. Since complete protection is impossible,
the lens surface should be cleaned occasionally with a clean, soft, well-
boiled linen handkerchief. Surface dust or grit must be removed before
this operation, preferably by means of an air blower.
The Lens Hood
This is a tube, as a rule made from metal, placed over the front of the
lens to protect it from light coming from outside the actual picture area.
There ii no picture which could not be improved in clarity and brilliance
by the use of a lens hood. The wider the aperture of the lens the more
important is the use of the hood.
OtherwiseOtherwise lishtlight comingcomins fromfrom <objects outside the actual Picture area
will reach the lens and givegive riserise toto scatteredscattered liehtlight byby internalinternal reflec-reflec-
tion which would reduce the brilliance of the picture considerably.
This applies not only to photographs taken against the light-where the
lenslens hoodhood becomesbecomes indispeindispensable-but alsoalso toto sunshinesunshine inin general,general, andand
to a lesser extent to piciures in diffusedd lightlight andand indoorsindoors (o(on account
of reflected light).
The Periflei lens hood is used in conlunction with the filter mount
(see page 70). The deep recess of the lens in its mount acts as adellrate
hooding as long as no filters are used, but its effect is lost when a filter
or close-up lens is employed.
When maximum hooding in strong sidelight or against the light is
necessary, and a filter or close-up lens is not required, the hood may be
used on the empty filter holder.

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TIANDTING THE PERIFIJEX
Loading
The camera should be loaded with film in subdued day-
light or at least in the shadow of the body.
- l. Remove camera back.
2. Turn slit of take-up spool to face you.
3. lnsert cassette into film chamber. Jt
4. Fix film end into slit of take-up spool.
5. Take up slack fllm.
6. Replace camera back.
7. Make two blind exposures.
8. Set exposure counter.
l. To remove the camera back, turn the roughed disk beside the
triood bush on the camera base with the thumb until the two index
ma'rks there engraved, line up. Slide the camera back with base
downwards by f in. and lift it iway from ttre body. 2. To turn the itii of the take-up sfool to face you, press down the
rewind stud on the camera toi'sahreplate (between shutter dial and film transporr knob) while at the time. tu-rning the film transPort {
knob'in a clockwise direction until the slit faces you.
3. The cassette with film is inserted into the film chamber so that the t
hollow centre spool of the cassette engages in the pronged proiect' ,L
ing stud on the-inside toP of the chamber.
4. Puil sufficient film (4 in.) but of the cassette and fix f, in. of the end
into rhe slot of the'tak6-up spool, and turn it sharply with the nail
of your thumb. lt is essent'ial that the film runs straight; the edge of
th6 fitm must be against the side of the take-up spool. The matt side
(emulsion) of the ftlm will show towards the lens.
5. iurn the film transport knob in the direction ofthe engraved arrow
to its stop to take dp any slack in the film.
6. Replace the camera bacti Uy holding it * in. below the body, engage.it intb the grooves on eithei side oflhe body, slide it up and turn the
roughed disk on the base to lock.
7. Mak-e two blind exposures to move on the exposed leader of the
film bV (l) winding dhe shutter knob In the direciion of.the engraved
arro\r ani release-, and (2) winding both shutter and film transPort ')" and release.
8. Finalty, set the exposure counter, which is situated inside the film
transiort knob, by pressing the rewind button while at the same
time turning the tiairsport knob backwards and forwards through a
_ small angle ilntil the nrimber 36 (or in the case of a 2o-exposure film,I the num-ber 20) rests againstwww.butkus.usthi indicator.

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r
                                        LOADING





Top left: Remove the camera back and base after first turning the roughed disc
on the base to align the dots.
ToD centre: Turn the slit of the take-up spool to face Iou, depressing the rewind
britton so that the spool will rotate.
Top right: Insert the cassette into the film chamber.
Centre left: Fix the film end into the slit of the take'up spool.
 Centre: Take up the slack film.
Centre right: Replace the camera back.
Bottom left: Make two blind exposures to move on the fogged leader of the film.
Bottom centre: Set the exposure counter by depressing the rewind button and
turning the film transPort knob to and fro.

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Holding
The Periflex shoutd be held as steady as possibte, as the
slightest shake, even if not seen in the originil negative, will
become visible on the enlargement.
A particularly steady hold of the camera is necessary when
working with speeds below l/60 sec. (see also page l-l).
To toke horizontol pictures hold the camera seculely in the
palm of the right hand. Place the right thumb on the back
of the camera. The right index finger rests on the shutter
release. The left hand grips the left side of the camera body.
Press the elbows slightly to the body during exposure to
secure greater steadiness.
- To toke upright pictures, rotate the camera through 90' from its horizontal position, the right hand supporting the
camera from below with the right index finger on-the release
while the upper part is gripped by the lefr hand.
When releasing the shutter, use finger pressure only;
keep the hand and its grip on the camerJsteady. The actubl
pressin-g inwards must be done slowly and smoothly.
For hand-held slow exposures, rest the elbows on, or at
least lean against, some support in order to avoid shake. In
an emergency a short time exposure at the "8" setting-
a rapid press and release would give about I 15 sec.-can-be
made in this way without noticeable camera shake. A tripod
is necessary when taking time exposures and it is also
recommended for l/30 sec. A rigid tripod with ball-and-
socket head can be employed to allow changing from -or horizontal to vertical position. Screw the tripod the
ball-and-socket head into the tripod bush in the bottom I
plate of the Periflex.
(

Carrying
However elegant it may be to carry the camera on a long
strap llanging from the shoulder, this position is quite
unsuitable for quick action. A better method is to cariy it on
10 a short strap around thewww.butkus.usneck so that it lies on the-chest.

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Opening the case and lifting the camera up to the eye is then
a matter of seconds.
The ever-ready.case carries the camera ready for use; it
does not have to be removed when taking the photograph.

Shooting
Practise the operations described here so that in time
!h"y will become practically automatic. After the camera has been loaded with film ds instructed on page I proceed
as follows:
l. Transport film.
2. Wind shutter.
3. Set exposure time.
4. Set distance.
5. Set aperture.
5. Sight through viewfinder and release.
l. To transport the film, turn the film winding knob in the direction of
the engraved arrow as far as it will go.
2. Turn the milled shutter winding wheel in the direction of the arrow
engrave9 on its base asfar as it will go, when it engages in the wound
up position.
3. Set the exposure time by lifting up the shutter winding knob (onty
ofter_the.shutter hos been wound up,-see No. 2 above) and Iurn it until
the black dot i1 opposite the exposure time required, then let the
wheel drop back, making sure !L.t it engaggs yjlh the selecting key and will not turn. The speed figures [000, 500, 250, t25, 60', 30,
indicate fractions of seconds, andltand therefore for l/1000, l/500;
11250, lll25, 1160, l/30 sec. Longer exposure times are made with
the shutter set to B. The B setting is found on the speed dial between
30 and the tail end of the engr-aved arrow. When set to B, the
shutter re.mains open as long aithe release button is depressed, and
- closes again when the pressure from the release button'is removed. 4. Set the distance from the camera to the subject by turning the front
rim of the lens mount which has the distanie fig[res @,J0, 15, t0, 7,5,4,3 feet.engraved on it, to the red index-[ine (with red circle
attached to it) on the stationary part of the lens mount.
The correct distance can be found with the builr-in reflex peri-
scoPe; the sharPness of the image can be observed by looking d'own
into the eyepiece and at the same time depressing the perisJope by
T2 its milled mital stud. www.butkus.us

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SHOOTING



Wffi-ry*!fi*!*iiillini$iiiiffilliilllirc
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Top left: Transport the film. Top centre: Wind the shutter. ToP right: Set the
exposure time. Bottom left: Set the distance. Bottom centre: Set the aperture.
Bottom right: Sight through the viewfinder and release.



                                    UNLOADING





                                          Top left: Press rewind stud.
                                          Top centre.' Rewi nd  fi lm.
                                       Top right: Open camera back and
                                     remove film.
                                                         Left: Close camera back or reload.

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Turn the lens focusing mount to and fro with the thumb and
index finger of your left hand, the camera being held in your right
hand with the right thumb pressing the periscope stud down. The
high magnification of the small area of the image seen, combined
with the extreme fine grain of the reflex image ground glass, makes
this operation quite easy and positive. The focusing spot is a 4 mm.
diameter circle the centre of which is 8 mm. above the centre of the
negative field. Accordingto one's eyesight, the eye may be close to
or a little distance away from the eyepiece. lmmediately after reflex
focusing, pressure on the periscope stud should be removed so that
it will spring back and close the area in front of the shutter from
stray light before the shutter is released.
5. Set the aperture by turning the ring situated behind the scale bear-
ing the distance index mark, until the indicator, a blank dot, points
to the aperture required. The scale is callibrated 3.5,4, 5.6, 8, ll,
l6; only the scale on the right from the central 3.5 is usable, while
the same scale extending to the left of it is only for determining the
depth of field (see page 50). When turning the operture ring take core
not to occidentolly move the distonce setting.
The purpose of the aperture is to adjust the effective diameter of
the lens. Changing the aperture from any number to the next
higher one halves the amount of light passed and thus requires
twice as long an exposure time, other things being equal. Similarly, I going to the next lower aperture number doubles the light passed
each time. (This does not hold good for the step f 3.5 to f 4, when the difference is only about one third of that between the other f
numbers.) In addition, the smaller the opening (i.e. when the lens
is stopped down) the greater the depth of field (see page 50).
5. To view the image, hold the eye close to the finder eyepiece. Do
not attempt to turn the camera to the right or left, away from the
eye; nor must the eye be moved from the centre of the eyepiece
to find the limitation of the field of view. This "spying round the
corner" is deceptive, as the negative will record only that section
of the view which you see in the centre of the eyepiece while looking
straight ahead.
To release the shutter press the body release on the camera front
gently. Speeds from l/60 to l/1000 sec. are "instantaneous" and can
be taken with the camera held in the hand. lt is advisable to use the
slow speed of l/30 sec. as sparingly as possible since it is difficult to
hold a camera steady enough at this speed to preyent a slight blur
which, when enlarged, would result in unsatisfactory definition.

The Double and Blank Exposure Lrock
The Periflex is fitted with a double and blank exposure
be t4 lock, This means thatwww.butkus.usthe same piece of film cannot

l; .--.-*r

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exposed twice, and further that the film cannot be wound
has be"n m.J". on ll mistake before an exposure
press the release you have either . rr theretore you cannot rorgotten_to wind on the film or to wind up shutter. lf you
find after having made an exposure you cannor winJ ir,l 6i,n
transport, /ou have come to the end of the film (check the exPosure counter).
Intentional Double E:rposures
l!,you.requ.ire two exposures on the same frame of firm, _ sucn as tor trick photography, or if a flash bulb has nor sone
off and you.do. nbt wish tb iose a frame of film,;h;;;;-;;
done by a little trick without harming the camera in any way.
Press the rewind stud in the top plate, and while holdins it down turn the film transport *tr""i ;' f"; u..Ln.ra,-%; degrees against the direction'of thu ariow. hear will
and feel a slight click. Then rerease the rewind stud .nd tr- the titm. transport knob on in the proper direction; it will
turn only a fery degrees and stop witrr a click. Now ,"r.i rne shutter and make the second expos_ure. Atthough the
film has not been advanced you wiil iina tnat iii"
counter has moved on, bue you can allow for ihis"*poru."'by re-
that you ca.n take one more photograp'ti .i .fri I:a?._rir_g trtm than the counter sh.ows.. lf you wish'you ian'go to the
extra trouble of. resetting the tounter dy a"or.ssins the
rewind stud and m.oyingf the firm tr.ntpori i*6- i r"*
degrees to and fro while a-t the same time hblding the rewind
rers rranol'tt hasF._lEo go t'.91,!nght (with.theround to getbailtooftheyourcorrect number "".ounteragain.
Unloading
when the whole firm has been exposed the exposure
counter will read 0. lf you forgot to s6t the countei when
you loaded the camera the fac-t that you ..*oi-turn the
film,winder any further wiil indicate tl't.:t .it rh; fi; has been
used up. Do not force the winder, otherwise you will teai ls

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the film out of the cassette. You now have to unload the
       film.
          l. Press rewind stud.
      2. Rewind film.
      3. Open camera back, remoye film.1     4. Close camera back or reload.
     2. While keeping the rewind stud depressed, turn the rewind knob in
         the direction of the arrow (clockwise). After quite a while the film
         transport knob stops turning, indicating that the film end has been
          pulled off the take-up spool. Give the rewind knob another 4 to 5
          turns, and release the rewind stud.
      3. Open the camera back as described under Loading No. | (page 8)
        and remove the film in its cassette.
      4. Close the camera back as described under Loading No. 6 (page 8)
        or reload the camera (see page 8).

    Changing Partly Exposed Films
    A partly exposed film may be removed from the Periflex
    and exchanged for another one (e.g. if the camera is loaded
    with black-and-white film and you want to take colour
      pictures) without using a darkroom as follows:
          l. Unload partly exposed fllm.
      2. Reload new film.
       l. Rewind the partly exposed fitm into the cassette as described in No. 2
        above. Be careful when rewinding to stop when the film transport
         wheel stops turning. At this point the beginning of the film has not
        yet slipped back into the cassette.  (lf this should inadvertently
         happen, the cassette would have to be opened in the darkroom to
          extricate the beginning ofthe film so that it can be reinserted into
         the camera at a later date.) Mark the number indicated on the film
         counter in pencil on the emulsion side of the film leader.
     2. Insert the new film into the camera as described on page 8.
        To re-insert a partly exposed film proceed as when inserting a
       new one. Once the camera back is closed and the film counter set
           in the usual way, coyer the lens with a lens cap, a piece of card, or in
        an emergency with the palm of your hand (best with shutter set the
        to l/1000 sec. and stop f l6) run offthe exposed portion of the film
         by alternately winding on the film and pressing the shutter release.
      When the counter shows the next lower number to that you noted
       when unloading the film, you can take the remainder of the un-
 16     exposed frames in thewww.butkus.ususual way.



                                                 '  :'i:Mi -Li:

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F--
 i
      CuttinE Off Exposed Lengrths
               lf a film which, is onry. partry exposed has to be processed,
          it can be cut off in the dirkroom br in compiet" alrtn"ss.   '
        After the last exposure turn the fiir-;;dirs-[nou once
     more. Then in thq-dark, open the camerr u..[.na .rt o*
        lft" ll.r about { in. from thd cassette. Unwind the Rrm from      the take-up spool and wrap it up light-tight in black paper.
                        film in th. ..!r.ite cai now be re_loaded,     attached-^J!:-l.TainilSto the take-up spool, and the camera closed.
     Advance the film,counter by.two 1i... t*o nuru.ir b*;;i     to allow for the loss of film'in cutiing.ana rJns"rting.  '       colour films which are rerurned to'th;;;ilf;urers for
      processing..ale fol a variety of technical reasons onty.cceptea
      in their full length and shburd therefo." noi u. .r't.
                          vaJar-'Dl**ts        ' €s





    PER-B                                                 lz

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il
             PERIFTEX FNIUS
     The film for the Periflex is the standard perforated clne
    film, 35 mm. in width, as used in the majority of other
   35 mm. cameras. lt may be obtained as:
    STANDARD DAYLIGHT CASSETTES. These are the
    simplest form of film packing. The ready-cut and trimmed
    films for 36 exposures (or 20 in colour) are supplied in
    cassettes which can be loaded into the camera in daylight
    (see p. 8).
    DARKROOM REFILLS. These are cut and trimmed strips
    of the right length and have to be loaded into a cassette in
   the darkroom (see p.22).
    DAYLIGHT REFILLS are cut and trimmed lengths which
   are wound on to a centre spool (as used in the cassette)
   and covered with a black paper leader strip to allow the
    loading of a cassette in daylight (see p. 22).
    BULK FILM is supplied in lengths of 16 to 100 ft. (5 to
    30 m.), and is the most economical way of using film. A suit-
    able length is cut offto be loaded into a cassette in the dark-
   room (see p.22).
   A UNIVERSAL ALL METAL CASSETTE is available which
   can be reloaded with darkroom refills or bulk film. lts
    special feature is that the film does not touch any part of
   the cassette mouth when winding or rewinding. The film
   thus cannot get scratched by the cassette. Further, there
   are no parts that wear. This cassette can therefore be re-
    loaded indefinitely. As its manipulation and handling in the
   camera is somewhat different from the standard procedure
     it is described separately and fully on p. 23.

    Safelights
     With darkroom refills, or bulk film, you have to load
   your cassettes in the darkroom.
       In the case of panchromatic films (see p. 26) only a dark
   green safelight may be used, but it is always safer to work
l8  in complete darkness.www.butkus.usThis is not difficult. lt is, however,

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a dummy fitm first in day_ #If*^[:?tight betore startingqffire thefiilingdarkroomwith work.'
Handling, Winding and Trimming the Film
When handling.the actuar firm, particular care- must be taken not to toulh its emursion (matQ riG. irlJi.l-t[. olly by !rc gdgeg, preferadly ULtween thumb and llf rnoex rrnger when handling or winding it on to the centre spoot ot the cassette.
At the same time, it is of no less importance that the prace
in which the toading is^done should b" puif.diid;i; i;;; and free from dust. only a clean, rpotlesi- n'egative will produce good pictures.
When usins bulk film for loading cartridges, the edge of
the work-oeich can be markeJ niitt' notci; ;; drawins
pins to indicate various^distances, let us say for tZ,Z+,i, jZ of fitm. This considerably 'siniplinli T1l^1:.li:-l^",Tr,htmeasuring film lengths in the darkroom.
While standard 35 mm. films in cassettes or refills have a
is nor necessar), it copy ro thii 1.11._9.ry_:lt"d.leading^en4 yh"T working with the periflex camera. All th'at is rebuired
is a short tongue half the width of the fitm between the'ihirJ
and.torth perforation (see page 2l).
The film ends are trimrireii with the aid of a standard
35 mm..template; at the beginning or theiott-or nlm make
cne wedg.e-shaped cut for the centre spool and measure off
the required length of film. At the end of this make the
curved cut for the take-up spool. The curved cu1 must not
g,o^rll:lql r.?:rforation hdte. When doinj tr,i, ;ou ;i;dthe temptate it leaves at the same time the iorrect cut for
the take-up spggl on the remaining film on the roll, so that
aDout + in. of film are saved on every striD.
6n centre to'the spoolot^rll:the l.-{I::yrcassette, asfilmdescribedis now woundon p. Make Zl. sure,--' whit"*'IlinS on, to hold the film onfy by its eag;s.-
I his rask can be simplified by the use 6f a special hand
winder, a milled metal rod with'a srit on one .*[io fit into
the cross-pin fitting of the spool. n meitrinidi ;ind;;;t lg

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be obtalned to serve the same purpose. tt can be attached
     to the e{ge of the work-benchi lz rull turns with this will
    wind sufiicient film for about 12 exposur-es,    turns give
     l9.exposures; 32 turn^s. give a full lehgth foi lO-lg
             winding the film on and off, t-ake care not"*poru."r.ro press      Wh.tl     too^  hard on the film; neglect of this precaution may givi rise    to pec.uliar. kinds of exposure effects known as l'lightnint
     flashes". These are due to electrical discharges and appear as
     dark, zigzag lines running from the edge of"the film t6wards
     tne centre of the picture.

       I-EN6IH OF FILM REQU,RED FoR ANY NU/I4BER oF EXPosUREs
      Number    Length of  Number Length of   Number Length of          of         Film       of         Film       of        Film
       Exposures   Reguired   Exposures Reguired   Exposures Required
               In.   cm.                   In.    cm.                    cm.        rili30                t4    3t*    80    27  st    t30     2  13+ 34        t5     33     84   28 52+ t33     3   t5-   38        t6    34*    88    29  s4'   t37     4   t6*   4l         t7    36*    92   30 ss+ t4l     s   .7t   4s        t8    37t    96    31  57-  t45     6   te*   4e        t9    3e*    t00    32 s8+ t48     7  20t   s3       20    40*    t03    33 60-  t52     82256              2l    42     t07    34  6t*  t56     9  23t  60       22    43t    ilt    35 63-  t6o     0  2s*  64       23    45   n4    36 U*   t64          |   26'^ 68       24    46*    il8    37  66'  t67     2  28+ 72       25    48     ,22    38 67+ t7l     3  30-  76       26    4e*    ,26     Including trimming
   loading Cassettes
     The majority of cassettes consist of a centre spool which
     is in a shell with top.and bottom cover. The filni leaves the
     shell.by a light-trapied slot (the cassette-mouth). The cenrre
    spogl can be removed from the shell by removiirg either top
    or bottom of the cassette, according io the .onitru.tion of    the particular container.
     Most of the cassettes are actually intended by their
20 makers to be used oncewww.butkus.usonly, and with tf,. nf, originally

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r
supplled in lt. However, provided they are reasonably
robustly made, and the light-trapping velvet slot is in good
condition, these cassettes can be reloaded many times, and
will give perfectly satisfactory results-if they are handled
carefully.
Reloading with Butk Film or Darkroom Refrlls
l. Work in darkroom by appropriate safelight.
2. Prepare fllm.
3. Open cassette.
4. Fix film to centre spool.
5. Wind fllm on centre spool.
6. lnsert centre spool into shell; the first 2 in. of
film should protrude from the mouth.
7. Close cassette.
2. As described on page 18.
3. As described on page 19.
4. lf the centre spdol is fitted with a film catch, thread the tapered
end of the film into it. ln cases where the centre spool is fitted with
a spring, thread the end under it and fold back sharply. lfthe centre
spool is without any suitable fitting to hold the film, it has been
proved best to wind a lf in. (4 cm.) piece of adhesive cellulose
tape round the centre spool, so that on either side about { in. of tape is used to secure the film. (See page 21.)
7. Be sure to fix the top and bottom cover securely to the'shell,
preferably with a length of adhesive tape. {
Reloading with Daylight Refills
l. No darkness is necessary. ,i 2. Remove film wrappings and label of reflll.
3. Open cassette.
4. Introduce refill into shell of cassette; the flrst
I 2 in. of paper-leader must protrude from
l cassette mouth.
5. Close cassette.
6. Pull out paper-leader and 2 in. of film.
7. Remove paper-leader.
4. The actual centre spool of the cassette is not needed.
7. Be sure to fix the top or bottom cover securely to the shell, prefer- 22 ably with a length of adhesivewww.butkus.ustape.

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Page 24 · Read text

=

i
I
Using ftre Universal Cassette in ftre perifler li
The universal cassette (see p. l8) requires adjusting to suit the camera. The spdcial points of 'loading with frlm,
loading into the camera, ind unioading are descrf bed below.

Adjusting the Universal Cassefte for the Camera
a shorg - Th9 pr,eliminary adjustment is best executed with Iength of dummy filni in the cassette and with the cassette
aPerture oPen.
l. Adjust Backlash stop 3.
2. Adjust Tracking screw l.
3. Adjust Length screw inside B.
l. The backlash stop_ prevents the U cassette from rotating backwards
in the camera. Remove the tracking screw I then frith a coin
unscrew the screw 2 until the backlaih stop 3 is just free to move
with gentle pressure. place the u cassetde witi g over-adiusted
into camera and close the back of the camera. This wiil pr"is in"
stop 3 into the correct-position. Now open camera baik, remove U
cassette without disturbing the stop 3, tilhten the clamping screw 2, and replace screw l.
2. The. next step is to adjust tracking screw t which is provided to enable you to track up the film leaving the cassette with the film
track of the camera. To d9 this, screi out the rcrew I until i-tre
film. lies centrally between the firm guides in the ..r"r", and in line
wrrn rne- spo.or fta.nge. In most cases it will now be found that the
cassette is fully adjusted and ready for use.
To check, insertthe cassette inio the camera, and engage the re-
wind-shaft in the spgolby pushing in the rewind'knob. At"this ooint it should be noticid that ihe reiind knob is at leal ftlo i".'.*i"
from the camera body. Depress the rewind knob and.iishti;r.i"i!-Ue'op.
e n!age.s.' Th e cassette. ope n i ng ca n n ori riJ i.:,uand llllclosed1\" jbypoorotatingI the rewind knob.
3. To. adapt th.e cassette so that the rewin-danob will open and close it, adjust the length screw in the shaft of g. Use a tmili sir"wdrivei to unscrew the screw by approximately six turns, then put the
cassette back into the cameradnd check that the .rrrettJis working-
lf this has not achieved the desired effect unscr"rr rtiil-iu.til; ;;;ii th.e cass.ette. opens and closes freety. The cassett" i, now fullv adlusted ancl needs no further attention. Zg

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Page 25 · Read text

Iroading the Universal Cassette with Film
      Load the universal cassette in the darkroom (see p. l8)
    with a darkroom refill film or from bulk. Prepare the bulk
     film as described on p. 19.
         l. Open U cassette and remove centre spool.
      2. Wind film on centre spool.
     3. Insert loaded spool into cassette.
     4. Close cassette.
       l. The U cassette carries a milled cap on the opposite end to the
         adjusting screw. This is removed by turning  it in an anti-clockwise
        direction until it becomes free. After removing the cap the spool
       can be taken out and loaded with film.
    2. The centre spool has a trap slot. The wedge shaped film end is
        inserted into the slot of the spool to anchor it. In orderto load the
         film correctly take the film in the left hand with the emulsion side
        facing downward, and hold the spool in the right hand with the
        small pins 7 (see p. 25) pointing away from you. Insert the film arid
       wind on by turning the spool in a clockwise direction until the whole
        length is tightly wound on the spool.
    3. Before inserting the loaded spool in the cassette, first double back
        approximately { in. of the film. Make sure that the two cassette        apeftures are in line, and that the bent back portion of the film is in
         line with the apertures. Place the spool of film (end with pins 7
           first), into the cassette. Refit the end-cap by screwing it on until it
            fits into the inner tube. Lock by turning it in a clockwise direction.
       Withdraw about 3 in. of film through the aperture.
    4. The cassette is now made light-tight and ready for use by depressing
        the milled end-cap and turning it in the same direction as for locking,
         as far as it will go. The inner tube with the end-cap now springs out
       about l/16 in. and is in the locked position.

   Loading the Universal Cassette into the Periflex
        l. Insert U cassette into camera.
     2. Fix film end on take-up spool.
     3. Close camera back.
     4. Open cassette.
      l.  Pull up the rewind knob and position the cassette so that the rewind
         spindle will engage the spool.
    2. Proceed as instructed on p. 8, No. 4.
    3. As instructed on p.8, No.6.
24  4. The cassette must now be opened manually by means of the rewlnd                           www.butkus.us

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Page 26 · Read text

THE UNIVERSAL CASSETTE





The universal cassette is a substantial accessoq/ that can be used repeatedly.
 It has the advantage that the mouth is opened wide after the camera has been
 loaded and the back closed, and this permits the film to run freely without touch-
 ing any part of the cassette, thus avoiding scratches. When the film has been
exposed and rewound into the cassette, the latter is closed again before removal
from the camera.




Once the universal cassette is
adapted to the individual camera
handling is straightforward. But
 it must be accurately adjusted as
detailed on p. 23.
The cassette consists of an outer
shell (6) which has on its base a
tracking screw (l), a backlash stop
(3) and a locking screw (2) to hold
the backlash stop in the correct
position. Fitted into the outer
shell is an inner shell (5) which
opens and closes the film aperture
by turning the cap (9). The centre
film spool (8) is inserted into the
cassette after removing cap (9).
When inserting the spool into the
shell the flange having four short
projecting pins (7) m ust be
inserted first. To remove cap (9)
from the shell, turn it in the direc-
tion of the engraved arrow
marked "open", then press down
towards the shell and give it
another half turn.

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Page 27 · Read text

knob. Before opening the cassette it is advisable to take up any slack
in the film-by rotating the rewind knob (without depressing it) in a
clockwise direction until a slight resistanc6 is felt, then push ihe knob
in fully.a_1d turn in the- opposite direction until a d6finite stop is
reached. The knob will then spring out ll32in. and be in afree wdrk-
ing position.
The film is now ready to be exposed as instructed on p. 12.
Unloading the Universal Cassette
After all exposures have been taken;
l. Rewind film.
2. Close U cassette.
3. Open camera back.
4. Remove cassette.
5. Close camera back or reload.
l. To rewind the film after it has been exposed rotate the rewind knob
without pressing it in, until all the film is returned to the cassette,
making sure that the end of the film has detached itself from the
take-up spool.
2. Now freis in the rewind knob and turn in a ctockwise direction as far as it will go. The casseGte is now closed.
3. See page 8, No. l.
4. See page 16, No. 3.
5. See page 16, No. 4.
The Choice of Material
There is no such thing as a "best" film for any andeveq/
kind of picture. Each type of film has certain chaiacteristici,
especially with regard to colour sensitivity, speed, gradation,
latitude, and, more particularly, gr?io. Each willlherefore
be more suitable for some jobs than for others.
COLOUR SENSITIVITY. Practically all 35 mm. films that
can be used in the Periflex are sensitive to all colours. They
are what is known as ponchromatic. Some types, particularly
those of h igh sensitivit;/, are especi ally iensitive to red-.
Th..y afe thus veq/ suitable for photography with artificial
light which is richer in red than daylight.
,r,r INFRA-RED FILM. Infra-red film is a negative material which, unlikeZIO the orthochromatic and panchromaticwww.butkus.usfilms, is made sensitive to infra-

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FILM SPEED, CONTRAST, GRAIN, RESOLVING POWER
    nl3za.so"F   I  nl3r+-sr6[                                                          '7                \'Bs 7          \. Bs
                                    \./'y'i
                                                                                                                                 I
                                                                                                                                 I                                                                                                     i





Generally speaking, low speed goes with greatest contrast, finest grain and highest
resolving p6wer-1nd vici yersd-. The  fi lrnspeed (top row) points to the.correspond-
ing contlist, grain and resolving power. The cbntrast shows, from-,left tq right'
h;w high conlrast becomes meiiiirm and low as speed increases. f]lS grain row
shows,Trom left to right, how fine grain becomes mediut grain with increasing
speed. And the resolv-ing power row shows the decrease of resolving Power with
increase of film speed. The bottom row indicates the q/Pe of subiect suited to
films of the various speeds. (See also Pages 26-30.)

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