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Photographic Exposure Calculator User manual
User manual for Photographic Exposure Calculator. 77 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Brand
- Various brands
- Model / document
- Photographic Exposure Calculator
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 77
- File size
- 6.5 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 26 · Read text
T O N I N G T O N I N G
T O N I N G for each print or enlargement, develop fully, thoroughly
in a The be first immersed fix and wash. prints should Prints, lantern slides, transparencies and cin6 positive 'Tabloid' Bleaching dissolving made by solution one 6lms can often be considerably improved, from a Compound in two to four* ounces of water and
pictorial point of view, by toning. Providing the thoroughly bleached to a light colour,
following important points are borne in mind, the
process will be found to be quite simple, and success. It is important that the prints, etc., should be
entirely free from hypo, otherwise uneven bleach-
fui results certain.
ing may result.
(1) The material to be toned must be correctl
After rinsing in running water, prints should be
exposed for the particular toning process chosen immersed in a solution made by dissolving one 'l abloid '
and fully developed. Suiphiding Compound in two to fourx ounces of water.
l-he prints will gradually acquire a rich sepia coloul, ev,
For blue toning rather lighf prints give the best in the case of gaslight prints, a somewhat \4'armer
results, For sepia and other toning baths, prints must tone. Do not remove them from the tonir-rg bath too
be fully exposed and fully developed. Over-exposed quickly, but give them time to acquire full strength,
and under-developed prints yield weak washed-out tones. then wash them in running water for about 10 minutes.
'Tabloid' Brown 'Ioner (z) P.rles! En1q9!__34q thorou h washi byColdersubsequentbrown treatmentor brown-blackwith tones can be obtained
also are most essential. (see fage 50).
Partially fixed or imperfectly washed prints, etc., are A preliminary soaking in the sulphiding bath before
frequently the cause of patchy toning and stains. bleaching will also give a darl<er tone on some papers.
Particular attention should be paid to double weight SPECIAL NOTE,-Good dark sepia tones can be
bromide paper. obtained ouly with fairly strong and fully-developed prints from
good negatives. The exposure of the paper must be
S E P I A T O N I N G such that it can be developed right out until all action stops.
t Tabloid' Sepia Toner produces a rich'permanent Prints which have been over-exposed and removed from
developer before development is completed, tone to a weak,sepia tone.
yellow-brown colour, as also do prints from weak or flat
Each carton contains t Tabloid' Bleaching Com- negatives, Proper fixation and washing are also essential,
pound and 'Tabloid' Sulphiding Compound.
There is a slight variatiou in toue according to the
The instructions that follow apply to cin€ films, brand of paper used, though not to any marked extent.
lantern slides and transparencies as well as bromide If your favourite paper gives you too yellow a brown,
and gaslight prints, unless otirerwise indicated. use 'Tabloid' Brown Toner (see lage 50).
Fon Bnouros .lNp Gesr-rcnt PnrNrs.-To secure * The stronger eolution works more rapid.ly and Ci.ves a
the best results, it is advisahle to use fresh developer stronAer result.
4 8 4 9View original page 26Page 29 · Read text
R E S T R A I N E R S P R E S E R V A T I V E S
D O U B L E T O N I N G 'Tabloid' Potassium Bromide is generally
The employment of 'Test-oro' Touuns for producing employed rvith ' Rytol,' Hydroquinone and Metol.
two or more colour effects adds a new fascination to Quinol T)evelopers.
photography. The multiple toning is accomplished with 'Tabloid' Sodium Citrate for use with Metol
the aid of a spirit varnish or masking varnish as used by and Amidol.
aerograph workers, which is used to cover those portions DrRncrtoN.-If less than a grain of restrainer be
of the print which are not intended to take the colour required, dissolve one 'Tabloid' product in a drachm
of the particular toning bath in use, one colour being of water and add a portion of this to the developer.
produced at a time. I3y the merhod described below, If one or more grains of restrainer are needed, the
it is easy to achieve first-rate results. necessary number of 'Tabloid' products may be added
DrnncrroN.-A good, plucky print is made from a direct to the developing solution.
suitable subject. Assuming the colours selected are
sepia and green, apply the varnish with a camel-hair P R E S E R V . A T I V E S
brush to those parts of the print which it is not desired t Tabloid' Developers contain sufficient preservative
to tone sepia. When the varnish dries, proceed to tone to ensure proper action of the solution in normal use.
sepia in the usual way, dry the print and remove thb When the norm:il developer is diluted, or is
varnish with cottor-r v'ool dipped in methylated spirit. t o b e k e p t i n s o l u t i o n f o r s o m e t i m e b e f o r e u s e ,
Carry out the green toning by vaniishing the parts of additional preservative may be required. For
the print already toned sepia. Judicious selection of this purpose add one 'Tabloid' Sodium Sulphite to
subject and colour will result in many pleasing effects every one or two ounces of solution. No attempt
by this method. should be made to keep a solution of amidol. It must
be freshly prepared to obtain the best results.
S U P P L E M E N T A R Y ' T a b l o i d ' S o d i u m S u l p h i t e , D r i e d , B r . 6 ,
I N F o R M A t ' T o N possesses great advantages over the ordinary crystals,
especially in keeping quality. lt may be used in exactly
In this section is included information as to the the same rvay, either for compounding the photographer's
use of certain chemicals, which cannot be dealt own formula, or for adding to 'Tabloid' Developers
with conveniently under the chapter headings when dilution necessitates prolonged immersion in the
of Exposure, Developrnent, Printing, Toning, etc. developing solution. Five grains of the 'Tabloid' salt
are equivalent to 10 grains of the ordinary crystals.
R E s T R / \ I N E R S 'Tabloid' Potassium Metabisulphite, gr. 10,
Restrainers are used to prevent chemical fog, and to used in compounding any formula be conveniently may tTlsLoro'retard development. Dnvrr-opBns contain potassium nretabisulphite is indicated. which in
sumcient restrainer for normal use. For developing very To shorten the washing of plates or prints after
rapid plates in warm weather or in hot climates, and bleaching with t Tabloid' Chrcmium Intensifier (see
for lantern-slide making, additional restrainer may be lages 33 arul 34), a solution of one ' Tabloid ' I)otassiumrequired. Metabisulphite to each ounce of water may be rapidly
'Tabloid' Ammonium Bromide is chiefly used poured on and off the plate, or print, until the yellow
in lantern-slide work, when warm tones are required, stain disappears. Then wash for a minute or two.
5 4 www.orphancameras.comView original page 29Page 30 · Read text
} I A R D E N E R A N D C L E A R I ' R S E N S I T I S E R
trt is also the best chemical to add to hypo solution S E N s t r t s E R F o R C A R B o N A N D
to make an acid-fixing bath (see y'age 30), O I L P I G M E N T P R O C E S S E g
Hitherto a solution of potassium bichromate, rerrdered
A L K A L I alkaline by the addition of strong solution of ammonia,
The alkali generally used in making accelerating has been employed for the purpose of sensitising
solutions is common soda, which is indefinite in strength carbon tissue. The 'Tabloid' preparation of the
and frequently impure. J double chromate of potassium and ammoniunr simpli-
'Tabloid' Sodium Carbonate, gr. it4, provides fies the operation by obviating the necessity of using
the photographer with a pure, reliable, portabie alkali ammonia solution. This preparation is equally suitable
in convenient ready-weighed quantities. for the Oil Pigment process' and therefore is preferred
One in an ounce of water.forms approximately a to stock solutions by amateurs who make occasional
l0 per cent. solution of sodiurn carbonate. a little of carboq and oitr prints.
which may be added, if desired, to the norrnal developer 'Tabloid' Potassium Ammonium Chromate,
to accelerate its action. The 'Tabloid' product may gr. 24
be emplol'sd also in compounding developers of special Drnncrro*.-To sensitise carbon tissue for use with
formula, and for any other purpose for which thd n o r m a l n e g a t i v e s . -
ordinary crystals are used. "Iabloid' Potassium Ammonium Chromate, One
Water .. Oue ounce
H A R D E N E R A N D c L E A R E R If printing from soft negatives, dissolve one 'Tabloid'
When a hardening and clearing bath for plates, films, product in two ounces of water; or, if from very hard
lantern slides, gaslight or bromide prints is required: negatives, one in six drachms of water.
'Tabloid' Alum and Citric Acid Compound Soak the carbon tissue in the sensitising solution, or
will be found convenient and serviceable (one product in float it on the surface for two or three minutes, as directed
€ach ounce of water). This bath is used after develop. by the manufacturers of the tissue used; squeegee to
ing and before fixing. No washing is necessary remove excess of moisture, and then dry in the dark.
before immersion, but 10 minutes' washing before To sensitise oil pigment paper-use as above, and soak
6xing is advisable. It is not suitable for use with the paper in the sensitising solution for two or three
P.O.P. prints. minutes, coated side upwards, taking care no air-bells
H A R D E N E R are formed. Hold up to drain, and dry in the dark.
In very hot weatber or in warrn climates when it
is impossible to control the ternperatures of the various C O V T P E T I T I V E H t q | . I e s r A W A R D Ssolutions used, a plain alum bath is serviceable for
. T A B L O I D ' P H O T O G R A P H I C M I T N R T I I . Shardening the film. In such circumstances the following
will prove useful :- were awarded
'Tabloid' Alum, gr. 10. This product may be A G R A N atD theP Franco-BritishR I Z E Exhibition, London,1908
used for plates or prints, a useful formula being:- A G R e t l D P R I z E
'Tabloid' Alum, gr. 10 One to two at the Japan-British Exhibition, London, 1910 P R I Z E D A G R A N Water One ounce International Exhibition' 1910 Brussels the at
The exact strength depends on the amount of harden- A G R A N D P R T Z E
ing desired. Time of immersion, about 10 minutes. at the Turin hrternational Exhibition, 1911
c o 6 7View original page 30Page 37 · Read text
S E L L I N G P H O T O G R A P H S F O R
R E P R O D U C T I O N
There are three ways of submitting photographs T i l i . T A B L Q l p ' a u n o
for the consideration of editors:- P H o T o G R A P H I C P R O D U C T S
(l) Personally. This is rhe best method for the 'Tabloid' AIwaLrssag or write the word town photographer who has time at his disposal, and
particularly is it so when the subjects to be submitted
are of value chiefly for their ,,news" interest. Such ' T a b l o i d ' B r a n d . D c v e l o P e r s
'Test.otp'' RYTOL' IJNrvslrsA'I- Drvrr-olnn photographs an editor will always be glad to see and (25 of each)
to accept or reject at once, thus leaving the photo- 'T.R.Broro' ' RYTOL' I]NrvensA.r. DBvRt-open
grapher the opportunity of submitting them elsewhere, (100 of each)
in case of refusal, before they have lost their freshness. ' T a . s L o t o ' ' T A N C O L ' D n v r r - o r n n
'TeBLoto' Alltpor- DrveloPrn
(QuINoL) Dnvrlornn 'TArLoro' HvonoqurwoNE
(2) By Post. This is a good method for the out. tTlaLoto' Mn:ror. DrvsloPrn
of-town worker, and perhaps the best method in dealing t Tegloto' Mrror.-QurNol DEVELoPER
with weekly and monthly publications. In submitting tTaer,oro' Pvno-Mrror- DEvELoPER
by post, always state whether the photographs are ( hnl5eia / S tandard Forvrula)
'TAsLoIo' Pvno-Sooe I)nvsLopen (Ilford Forntula) offered exclusively and whether a special fee is required.
Enclose stamped addressed envelope if return of ' T a b l o i d ' B r a n d D e s e n s i t i s e r
photographs is desired, For Detelolltnent without a dark-room, see lage 31
tTl.gloro' DrseNsrrrssn
(8) By Agcncy. In all the large cities there are ' T a b l o i d ' B r a n d T o n c r s
Agencies (saa Drnrcronv) which are prepared to submit For Bromide and Gaslight Pints or Lantetn Slidcs
prints to editors on a commission basis, usually 2bl tTeeLoIo' Blue ToNrn
to 40"/, according to the standing of the Agency or the 'Ta.gloIlr' Gnnelr ToNsR
amount of work done. Such Agencies naturally know 'Te,nr-oto' Septe ToNen
the best papers for particular subjects; they will develop tTesLoro' Bnowu ToNnn
plates, copy single prints and circulate copies promptly, ' Tesr-oro' CoppBn FsnnocvA.NloE ToNINc Coupoullo
and collect the fees. tTegLoto' SulpgrorNc ConPouno
For P,O.P. Prints
Essentials of Press Photographs.-The nega- t Tegrotn' Pr-euxurtl TolrNc Cornlpoullo
tives must be sharp and capable of yielcling bright prints tTrlsLoto' Golo Cnr-onror wrlrr Sur-pno-
ConrrouNo (B 6) cvANrDE
or enlargements. Prints on glossy bromide paper are TxrosuLPHATE ,,wlrx
preferred, and should be 1/1 plate size. CoupouNo (ConrtNro tsern) (B 10)
7 0 7 l
www.orphancameras.comView original page 37Page 48 · Read text
E X P O S U R E T y P I C A L S U B J E C T S
These illustrations will help the photographer
to classify his subject correctly
A L T I T U D E
Above a height of 5000 ft. it has been the custom of
sonre workers to reduce the exi)osure slightly; others,
horvever, contend that it should be increased. XIuch
apLrearsto depend on circurrrstances, and, rvith the great
latitude of rnociern plates, it is a safe plan to aciopt nornral
exposures, paying particular attention to the subject.
\Iountain viervs u,'itir near masses of dark rock or tree
must be treated as itear'1' foreground .subjects, in spite of
the presence of snow in the rnidrlle distance.
( 2 ) S u b j e c t s ( s e e 1 / / u - e t r a t i o n s )
The golden rule is to expose for the deepest shadows
or the darkest object in rvhich detail is recluired, and,
therefore, the photographer must judge each subject
b y i t s s h a d o w s , e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e n e a r t h e c a m e r a ,
o r b y t h e t o n e o f f o r e g r o u n d c b j e c t s . f l h e
Iixposure Calculator gives the correct exposure for A -- oD IrS T A N T L n N D S C A P E S u a J E c T
Norntal Sulyects by one turn of the scale. Requires one-cjuarterthe exposure necessaryfor a
Normal Sub j ects (see illustration D).--LAND- normal subject
scApES wl'f rI AVirrtAGE lionBc;HouN Ds, sucl{ AS
Fol.tacn, F'tcuttns AND Ilutt-r.,rNcs oF h,IEDrun{
c o L o u n ; W E r , r . - r , r c H ' f E D S ' r ' n r a E ' r S c n N E S ,
xPor<rnArrs lx Wnr.r,-r,rcl{'rED Roonrs, *Vnnv LrcHr
I xrenroRs, *Copvrxc PsolocRApHS rN Wnll-
r.rGHTEr) lLoorr, xColvrxr; ParNrlxc;s rN Sruolo.
N O T E . --The Calculator gives the exposllre in seconds
or o;f a secotttl, except for those subjects with an tr8+rt,ri'.:,#' "frtctiotts
asterisk. For these the exDosure is in nzitttttes or froctiotts
o1fa tnitntte.
lf the foreground is heuug,giue double the exposure;
if liqht, giue half
A secorrcl rrlo\rernent of the Sc:,r|e (see instructions on
the Calculator itself) inriicates ttre correct exposure for
the follorving specizrl subjects :-
Clouds.-lhe expostlre irrdicatecl for " Cllouds " is for
those of rnedittm chziracter. Fieavy rairr clouds reqrrire
double this exposrlre ; very ligirt rvirite clorrds orre trzrlf. B - F o n E G R o u N D B E a c F l S c r r u r
Ilecl or yellow sunset and sunrise clouds rerltrire longer Requires one-half the exposure necessary for a
expo.sures, unless orthochrornatic plates are rrsed. nornral subiect
1 8 6 www.orphancameras.comView original page 48Page 69 · Read text
J U L Y L I G H T T A B L E S
Nots.-In those countries in wirich ,,Surnmer Time "
is. adopted it will be necessary to aclvance the times
gryen Delow Dy ()ne houl..
'Ji;""TABLOID',".o*o
.TA NC C L''O*^
DEVELOPER
S p e c i a l l y p r e p a r e d f o r
t a n k u s e . G i v e s s p a r k l i n g
chronlatlc, t These ptates,figuresare mustemploved.be usedthey withmust caution.certaillly Unlessbe increasedortho-from 5 ro l0 times when the iigtrt is lertoii oil".ri"doii i"a. n e g a t i v e s o f t h e " p y r o " t y p eView original page 69Page 70 · Read text
, J U N E L I G H T T A B L E S
Norn.-In those countries in which ,,Summer Time',
is. adopted it will be necessary to advance tbe times
glven lrelow Dy One hOUr.
Latitude 40' N.
Latitude 30' N.
( '"oo= HA ZELINp"o'*
C REAM
T h e p h o t o g r a p h e r ' s s a f e g u a r d
a g a i n s t d i s f i g u r e m e n t o f t h e
s k i n b y d e v e l o p e r o r r o u g h - t These figures nrust be used with caution. Unless ortho_
chromatic plates are employed they must certainly be increased
from 5 to 10 tines rvhen the light is yellow or inclined to recl. n e s s f r o m c a u s t i c s o l u t i o n s
226 www.orphancameras.com 227View original page 70Page 75 · Read text
Ex po tJT:'. :^".1=, LAr o R
Turn disc until G.nrpx FrcunB_representinsllatc or film factor (saaTable D,pgsrzW ii--rpp"llill''nfic" Fro.r*"- representingthe L;ihi VaI*. (Scc Tablci ibi"i;]if.
N o n M . A L S u e J E c r s ( s e e p a g e 1 8 6 )
The RED FlouRE oppogltceach stop glvcs the correct
erposurein seconds ot flractloas- of a seaoad
k-
S URE eXPo
7t T1 colvieht I
For stops not on Calculator, scc pag,c lg}
P o n T R A t T s ( i n a w e t t - l i s h t e d r o o m )
The RED FICURE opposite each stop givcs the correct
exposure in mlnutes or lracfioas'"i _iiuii
"-View original page 75Page 76 · Read text
\ A boon to out'door Pt9'oiotoet"Pttttt' iects against mosqur' iolt,gn"t" and midges www.orphancameras.comView original page 76
Page 77 · Read text
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rrtttrr aulti lt llllll
I U T I U
1 Original non-greasY
toilet PreParatton
for day-time use.
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