The Camera Illustrated magazine — part 2 Product booklet — PDF Download

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1 1 2 T H E C A M E R " I I

,,/I Jlteu: Method for Sizing Paper.
(;( )()t ) sizirrg material is a clesicleratunr clevotrtly to be wishecl for,
and I lrelieve I har,e hit r1l)o1l a goocl olre rvhicir is ne\\' as far
zrs I krrc-rn'.
()clatine sizing is rrttrrrded r,vithsolne inconl'enieuces, ancl tnost
rtoviccs nrake a rness of the process zrrrclthev are trot cornplilnell-
t,trv in their exprcssions n'herr vou:rsk thenr how they sttccceded.
I have substitutecl arrother protein compound for the gelatine,
u'hich cc)urportsitself better wherr applieci as a size to papcr.
I tttake trse of caseirr--but not the c--aseirryotl may lrttv at the
clrernists. btrt a nroclificatir-,nof it" There are trvo distittct forms
r:f casein entirtlv clifferent irr their behavior.-a,ccordirrg to the rnethod of
preparation I one giving an iusoluable substarrce, the other a readill' soiuable
one. \\'c shall conccrlr ourselves only rvith tlre latter.
I'rocttre a <luuutitv oi skirn milk, the ruore it has be.err skirrrmecl the better,
lxtt evett u'ith the utniost carc. of the nrilkman sone traces of creanl will per-
sist. Iiver-v i>article of the creallr llltlst lre rernoved, and to do this get a large
fttrrtre'lattd cork up the rreck. Support the funrrel in a vertical position, place
tirc' mill< in it and allorv it to remairr over night. The crearn rvili arise to the
sttrlace. Non' carcfulll' renrovc the cork arrd clrarv off the skim milk and
rrulove it to another vessel. Thcre t'ill bc still traces of the cream or fat of
rrrilk, n'hich can onlv lte gotterr ricl of by chenrical llleans. Aclrl to the skimrned
milk hvclrochloric acid until the crrrds refirse to form. Filter out these ctrrds,
rvash thetn off rvith r,ery diluted hyclrochloric acirl arrd re-dissolve tlrem in
dilutc solrrtion of carbonate o{' soda ('ivashing soda t. I,et the solution starrd
ancl siphon ofi the litqrrid rrnder the filrn rvhich lnrnrs on top.
I{eprecipitate the dissolved crrrds rvith hl'drochloric acid ancl rlissoh'e again
in carbonate of soda solrrtion. \Vash n'ith r,ery lvcali r two percent. )h)'drochloric
lLcid tn'o or three times and rlry. Caseitr so fornred nrar'be kellt indefinitely.
'I'itke trvo draclrrns of this cascirr and place in ten ounces of n'ater. It swells
ttJr arrd graclually dissolves, especiallf if the tenrperature is raiscd to ror-ro.
'l'his fornrs a nrost
excelletrt size, aud
it nla\/ be applied
c1irectl )' to t| e paper
w i t h a l r r u s h : t h e
prrl)er llec(lirrg 1ro
saltin 9., the traces
of h r-d rochlclr-ic aci cl
irr the caseilr 1-'eitrg
suflicielIt. It rllav
be necessrrr\,'for cer-
tarrr prlrlxlses to rIr-
cretlsc the alnoullt
of clry' caseirl to the
qrllrlltit\- of water.

( ; . E l ) , , \ \ l S

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T H E   C - f T M E R f r





                                          I)'r':r          I t t tr [?ar'rtrp                        li:;l,l;;Lt,',i:i1.,"';
                                                                                                       l  l r     r t  l  S t , t : , : r  i    I  ' r , t  ' r , r  i  l   I    t  r r -
                        I *press ionism and Photography.
                                        C h a . r l e s  B o l d e n .
                  \-Ii li \'( )-\E u-hcl visitecl the  I'aris  Exposition  art  colle.ction was ltade
                a\\'are of the immeltse grorvth of the irnpressiorrist school.   Iivery
                 exhiirit  shon'ecl a lnarkcd  cleparttlre from  the  olct con\rentiorral
               trtethoclsof  paintillg.     It  is no wc)nc1er,therefore, tirat tfie no\\r-a-
              dar-s llhotographer  has  deserted the old  lnet|eds   of  techlical
              excellettce  atrd  rtrsherl  to  inrpressionisrtr, for  the  pairrter has
               allvar-s lteen the "bright,  partictrlar gtricling ,star" to the  artistic
             photogra"pher.  Ilut the cltrcstiolrpresents itselt  : has impressiolism
             a legitimate place  irr photographic art ?   Is  it  possible rvith the
               limitatiotts  oi photography  to give  the  effect, even i1 a rpirror
ke1., rvhich the painter gir.es?
  Tlre  funrlartretrtal iclea of the irrrpressionistis that a pictrrrershoulcl be a
lllonletrtarv cottceptiou of the sense of sight.   In  this ltarticular it  is t6 art
rvhat a snap shot is to photographl'.  The onl1' difference being that the Phr,-
siological shutter is not the saure as a Thornton-pickard.  And why ? The
stal'ed atrcl reprorltrcecleffect of a bit of rrature as presented to our visiol  is
turtde through atr ittutosphereq'hich rrrorlifies,rrot onlv the fcrrms,but also the
colors of the scene.

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r44                                             T H E  C " / I M E R . E
                                                              3
  The impressionist, as well as the photographer, knows  that the sun  is con-
stantly  painting  new  pictures, and, as   it  mixes  its colors with  varying
gradations,  there  is nothing  old or  stale even in the  oft repeated sheep-fold
picture or the hay-rick.  Some moment is selected, some center of interest,
and that often of the simplest character.
  This central phase is worked out with  the greatest care, and  is emphasized
above all other phases, allowing everything  else to sink into a blur of subordi-
nate color.  As the photographer would  express  it, impression pictures have
but one plane of  sharp-focus.  The genuine impressionist does not make his
picture one general blur of monotony.  He depends for effect upon the relation
and interplay  of  light and shade in co1or, and vivid color at that-not   in black
and white.
  Without  color  it  is impossible.  The impressionist can well afford to sacrifice
outline, even to deform the  true image of things,  to give only masses and
neglect detail, because he gives the true physiological effect by juxtaposition  of
color.  He does not mix his color like the old. school painter, on the palette to
give a toned effect, but fearlessly places raw colors side by side.
  By placing red, blue and yellow side by side he gets a brilliancy  of quality,
which even the greatest of the old painters could not achieve.  But the photo-
graphic impressionist does not seem to court  brilliancy  of  effect.  He delights
 in sombre tints, but sombre tints can never be made to give a conception akin
 to the work  of the impressionist.
  We do not want  it to be thought that we are "ravin'  tooth and nail"  against
 the new school, but only  objecting  to that branch which resorts  to what  is
 called faking to produce an effect which was never present to the vision, either
instantaneously or at any tirne from "morn  to eve."
     If photographic impressionism  is the right  thing,  let us have  it as nature
presents it to us at the moment of time when the sun delineates it with  all the
 distortion  which  the defracting atmosphere gives the scene.  Whether  such
a picture would please is another consideration.
  The photographer, who uses his camera to obtain an impression from nature
merely as a substratum from which  his imagination  is to evolve an impossible
confusion of lights and shades, where there is no high light, no deep shade but
a monotonous waste of indistinctness, has no right  to an affiliation  with  the
 true impressionistic painter, who conscientiously attempts to give us an impress
from nature as seen with  his vision.
  When a photographer makes a negative from an actual scene which has re-
commended itself to his artistic perception, and then to accommod.atehis con-
ception to the perverted taste of a certain school, he begins a work of degenera-
tion upon that  negative, we may well  feel that  "Othello's  occupation  is
 gone."  An  actual case may be cited.: the photographer after having secured
 a realistic scene from  nature, began by  first making  from the print a lantern
 slide out of focus, and again producing a four-fold enlarged negative from this
 slide, to be employed in  its turn as the medium, in conjunction with  bolting
 cloth  for producing a print  in gum-bichromate  (bartolozzi-red)  to get a recog-
 nition from gushing admirers of smudge and a prominent place on the exhibi-
 tion wall.




                                          *{

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T H E C . & M E R . f I r45

I,et us thankfrrlly receive the Iesson the new school teaches-the value of the
suborclinationof detail in a picture-brrt let rrs not forget, as many of the trew
school unfortunately do, that it is not high firrish which is objectiorrable,but
the lack of tonal qualitr'. \\:here tl.ris perlertiotr of art is to stop is hard to
sa1',but it is clear tirat it is onl1-the llnish that lrclittlesu,'hichisr.vrong. Pope
clefinesart as " Nature not alteretl, lmt to zrdvatttagerlressed."

( ) \ ( ; R ( ) t ' I ' s .
\\'e have irrcirlentalll' ackrrowiedgerlthe debt the professionalphotographer
orres to tlte arnateur rvitlr all his sensationalisnr,exaggeration and slottchinessof
str'le. \Ve have onlv to look at the exhibits of the professiortalsat coltvelr-
tions of recellt vears. or in their show-wiudorvsto note the stride ntaclc'in the
clirection of art. The amateur sptlr dirl more in a conple of years to proci the
old professionalnag to a bettcr gait and to brirrg out the urettle in hir.n than
the slaclied rein and laz-y pace of the previorts thirty years along the photo-
graphic roarl. Brrt there is a goad still rreederl for both professional atrd
arrrateur " to prick thersides of their intcrrt " whetr either unclertakesto malie
what is called a gro11l). I,ook in sholv-casesof the professiottals,or at the
great rnajoritl' of amaterrr pictures of college groul)s or foot ball players or
er-en domestic groups. Coulcl an1'thing be urore execrable? The waf in
u'hich both kinds of photclgraphic artists mzrrshala group into a coherenceof
absrrrd relation is zrn'u'thirrgbut artistic. The big ones irr the back-grottrrd,
the little oues in frorrt-srluattirrg, kneelirrg, crouchirrg or lorurging, anrl the
n'hole lrerspective of the pictrrrc rn'oefulll'distortedto get all rvithin the linrits
of arr 8 x ro. The short focus lens, which is invarialrll' used, lreing accessor\'

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 r4^6                                            T H E  C & T W E R E

 to the absurdities depicted. Who  is accountable for these abortions in the
 shape of pictures ? The patrons themselves seem satisfied.  Is  it becausethey
 have been persuadedthat it is a necessaryconcomitant of group management, or
 is each member of the group so absorbed in the contemplation of his own physi-
ognomy that he fails to see its incongruity  with relation to the others ? We
 remember having, when the flash-light  first made its advent, a commission to
 photograph a group of choir boys. We suggested a picturesque disposition of
 the choristers somewhat after the beautiful frescoes of Robia de1 Robia, but
when we submitted to the master some engravings of the work of that painter,
 he emphatically declined on the ground that the parents of the boys would not
 like to have them depicted with mouths wide open in the act of singing, and
 as the group was intended for raising revenue, we had to take those picturesque
boys in serried columns according to the stereotyped method.  But we had our
innings after alt by iuviting a number of the choristers to a private grouping,
but the picture had not the beautiful and appropriate architectural setting of
 the cathedral.  So you see the photographer is not always to blarne.
   But grouping is such a universal law  of nature that we wonder the uncon-
strained artistic photographer does not go to nature for instruction.
  Nature pleases the eye in the disposal of objects by the subordinating  of
many to one giving unity  in uariety.  In observing crowds we notice the pic-
turesque way in which the individuals compose themselves, becausethere is a
center of interest.  In  flocks of sheep or herds of cattle how many charming
so-called accid.ental arrangements present themselves !  Even  in  inanimate
nature there is'a tendency to  artistic grouping by natural means of environ-
ment, etc.  The photographer's eye is supposed to be open to all this harmony
of nature's grouping, and he is eager to secure a picturesque natural setting,
yet when he has a group of humans at his disposal, how preposterously he goes
about the arrangement, though frequently the group has one general sentiment
animating variotrs members, which would serve as a clue for unification.  Uni-
versity students, school boys, athletes, etc., when they come to have their pic-
tures taken in groups, certainly should be given better treatnrent than by the
crowding-into-limited-space method.
  There are so many excellent pictures representing groups of men and women
by the painters of note that there is absolutely no excuse for the way groups
are made in the gallery or elsewhere.  Professionalsare not the only offenders ;
cultivated amateurs, who are capable of making beautiful landscape groupings,
fall into the same error.
  True,  it requires thought as well as natural ability  to adjust the parts for a
harmonious relation.
    It demands no ingenuity to arrange the figures one after the other in a fi1e
and an alternating column behind this, and then  if  there are a few over to pile
a couple on the apex and sprawl the balance in front of the first row, and then
ask the collection of animated puppits to look pleasant.
  Much experience, if you have not inborn aptitudes, is required, combined
with taste and judgment to so dispose of a goodly number  in a group to pro-
duce pleasing variety in attitude and animation in the picture.

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T H E C - 4 T M E R - f T rt - t+4 l

The priucipal figure in a grorrp, that about '"vhichthe others center, should
receive the most atterrtiou. Ilut it is not necessary to place hinr irr the center
of the group. ['nless the secondar]: or accessory figrrres are arranged to shou-
their relation to the leading figure they will look like trespassersupon the
scelle, a lot of irrdividual photographs takerr upon the sarueplate (arrd, by the
rvay. this is not a bad clefiniti<ln of a ntoclerrrphotographic grorlp. )
c)n ottr opl.rossitewall are two pictrrres bv Faed, rr,e believe-"shakespeare
ancl his Friencis" and "Sir \Valter Scott reading one of his manuscripts to a
choice circrle," and if the reader coulcl seethese pictures he worrlclreceive better
ittstntctiotr irr grouping than crrn be rvritten. There are tn'ent1' figrrresin the
\\'alter Scott pictrrre, arrd thorrgh the room spaceis small, thel' have not the
apl)earanceof lleirrg crorvcled. The individual attitudes are excelle1t, and
each contribrrte to the unification of the motive. There are hunclredsof pic-
tures of groups accessibleto evervone, and next time vou hal'e a cornrnissionto
to photograph a college, club or foot ball team, look over the pictures anci
ttrakesomething better than the stereotypeabortion callecla photographic group.
Talking about groups suggeststhe rluerv : "what has beconreof the Genre
picture ? " f'he salon savs it is not in here. " There is rro greatness lnt in
portraiture.''
While photographl', as all art, has gained in sorne clirections,it has lost con-
siderably in others. The ne'nl'school has shorvn itself weak in its rueans of
tellirrg a storl' pictorialll'. that is it has failed altogether irr ()enre. Irr the last
Philadelphia salon lve clo not lemernber having seen a single example. of
course one cannot sav hos' lnalr-\' rna)' irave beerrrejected bv tl-rejrrdges, who
tnal have a special arrtipathv to such srrltjects.

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r48 THE C.ITMER"'T

Deuelopment a Cure for Halation
r is just as well that from time to time emphasis should be laid upon
the fact that if improper development does not actually cause hala-
tion, it is, at any rate, responsible for making it more prominent
than it need be.
At the last meeting of the Oxford Camera Club Mr. Rippon, in
a papef on the subject, said that the use of backed plates was all
very well as far as it went, but it would not prevent all kinds of
halation, when the word was taken in its usual sense as meaning
a diffused light around the high lights. He also said that except
in extreme casesproper attention to point of view, exposllre, and
and development would itself prevent halation altogether without the
plate being backed at all. Halation is due to four cairses: ( r.) Reflection
from the back of the plate, which is the only kind that can l:e stopped by back-
ing the plate. (r.) Lateral spreading of the light. (9.) The brilliant
illumination of small particles of solid matter suspended in the air. (+.) The
selecLionof a subject in which the chief, and practicallv the only, source of
light is directly in front of the lens, with nothing at the sides or behind the
camera to act as a reflector.
If the eye is d.irected towards a brilliantly lit window, it will be seen that all
the objects in the immediate neighborhood of the window are viewed through
a kind. of.Itaze or glare. If the window were photographed, without due pre-
cautions to prevent halation, this glare would be enormously exaggerated.
Some photographers who pride themselves upon their technique, would repro-
d.ucesuch a window without the glare at all. This, in its waY, is quite as great
a defect as the other, and, in fact, is a more deadly error, since the defect has
been intentionally introd.uced, and could not be due to carelessness. The aim
of the photographer should be to reproduce as truthfully as possible the glare
which he sees,but not either to exaggerate or to diminish it. In order to do
this a backed plate should certainly be used whenever possible. In our own
practice we use backed plates not only for interiors, but for all hand camera
work, in making lantern slides, and for both the positive and the enlarged neg-
ative when making enlargements.
As far as halation is increased, by development, Mr. Rippon in his paper
strongfy advocated. a pyro developer. He said, according to the report that
has reached us, "the light refl.ected from the back of the plate influenced most
strongly the bottom of the film next the glass, and was rarely strong enough to
penetrate to the surface. Consequently, to avoid developing that part of the
hlrr1, full exposure should be given and a pyro developer used, for pyro caused
" to be deposited in a much more non-actinic form than any other de- the silver
veloping agent, and with it it was not necessary to develop through to the
back of the plate." The only exception we have to take to this is that the
pyro developer does not cause the silver to be deposited in a more non-
actinic form, strictly speaking, but it forms with the deposit of silver an
image consisting of stain. This supplements the silver image and certainly
enables suffi.cient vigor to be obtained without carrying development so far into
the film as when the image is simply a black one.

'1

, ,d

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T H E C E M E R . E r49

If a developer of a quick acting character, free from bromide, be compared
with one in which a great deal of bromide is present, on subjects likely to give
halation ; it will be seen at once that the presence of bromide in a developer$ greatly encourages halation. Any form of developer which tends to keep the
image on the surface tends to reduce it.
At some future date we may refer to this subject agaiu, and point out how
by one or two simple dodges the development of the deeper portions of the film
cdn be prevented almost entirely. In the rneanwhile we would only remind our
readers that if they are troubled to any great extent with halation, they can at
any rate minimize it by suitable development as well as by the use of backed
plates. At the same time we would caution them against being tempted to
carry this reduction so far as to lead them to fall into the opposite ercor.-Pho-
tography (London)
,*
'&gfa'Intensifier.
C. If . Bothatttley, t. f . C.,.F. C; J.
nE Agfa-fntensifier is a colorless and odorless liquid, which, before
use, is diluted with water, in the proportion of one part of the in-
tensifier and nine parts of water.
I have made numerous experiments with this intensifier, some
being supplied by Messrs. A. & M. Zimmerman (London), and
some being purchased from photographic dealers in the ordinary
way. The undiluted intensifier remains unchanged after many
months and apparently would retain its properties indefinitely in
a well-corked bottle.
When a negative, previously well washed to remove all traces
of hyposulphite of soda is immersed in the diluted. intensifier, it gradually gains
iu opacity without being stained in any way, if the washing after fixing has been
done with reasonable care. The intensified image has a dark brown color and
considerable printing density. The intensification proceeds gradually and can
readily be watched. The maximum intensification obtainable is reached in 12
to r5 minutes at the ordinary temperature, and the negative should then be re-
moved and well washed with water. No further treatment is necessary and
the material composing the intensified image seems to be of a very stable
character; it shows no signs of fading even after several days' exposure to
direct sunlight, but, on the contrary, increases slightly in opacity.
It will be seen that the process is extremel5' simple, only one operation being
necessary. The intensification obtained is greater than with mercuric chloride
or mercuric bromide, and if, on the other hand, it is not so great as that ob-
tained by the mercuric bromide and silver cynanide method, the Agfa process
the advantage of has being much gives simpler, it intensifrca- whilst sufficienti*itxIG process tion for all ordinary cases.. The Agfa is also superior to the mercuricl7'
chloride and ammonia processin the greater permanence of the intensified image.
tAt If negatives are left in the intensifier, after the maximum efiect has been pro-I*.|-
[G:l-l duced, the opacity begins to diminish, and the image, when viewed by reflected
ru,
*,-.ffi
l&1lI&: . .g?1L 'rt#

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r50                                    THE  C./TMER"'T

light, has a bleached appearance.  Should this happen,  it is only necessary to
wash the negative thoroughly  with  water and then  treat  it with  an ordinary
developer, when a strongly intensified image of a black color is obtained.
  The Agfa-Intensifier  can be applied to lantern  slides with very  satisfactory
results.  The brown color of the intensified image is suitable to most subjects,
and the deposit is not likely  to fade.
  My experiments have led me to the opinion that the Agfa-Intensifi.er affords
a means of intensifying  gelatino-bromide negatives and lantern slides, which is
not only effective but is also very simple and convenient.

                                                    ,*
                        'Tatks                 Plain        by the  Editor.
        N amusing accident (?) happened to a friend recently that, consid-
              ing he has been a photographer  for twelve years or so, makes  it
             the more ridiculous.  He was invited to go out in an automobile,
           and after riding some fifteen miles, concluded that a picture should
           be taken of the natural beauty surrounding  the roadside. "This.,
           was done, and before his plunder could be stored away, something"
             got wrong  with the "Auto."   The camera was laid on a stone
               wall, and the amateur mechanics started to repair the damage.'r
             This  was  finally  completed, and they hied homeward.   After;:
               arriving,  our friend. suddenly finds out that the camera had been
left "on the garden wall."  A return trip was made by train, but the camera.
had vanished.  The other day  it was offered for sale to the manager of a well-,i
known house in  town, and through  his efiorts the camera was restored to the
original owner.
  At a recent meeting  of the photographic  section of the Franklin   Institute,
we had the honor of making a motion, which was unanimously  adopted, tha(
a photographic  exhibition  be held  in  this  city  under  the  auspices of the
Franklin   Institute,   in which photography  in its broadest sense would be the
paramount issue.  From the start, the plan has met with  approbation, and an
exhibition  early  in  the  spring  of rgoz  is now an assured fact.   Pictorial,
Scientific and Technical photography  will  all receive space and proper recogni-
tion, as well as an exhibit  of the various apparatus in photography  from  the
time of Daguerre to the present day.  Plans are now in preparation, and at an
early date ful1 particulars  will be announced, which  will, we believe, make the
photographic exhibition  of the Franklin   Institute  the largest and most com-
plete ever given.  Owing  to the many branches to be embodied, it  is impos-
sible to give data at this  time, although we had hopes of doing so when we
made the preliminary announcement last month.
  Not a magazine d.oesthe photographer  buy but he find.s many items  *otih
preserving, and incidentally worth many times the cost of the magazine, when
he gets in a fix,   if he could only remember them., Now why not buy a book
and enter those tips in  it, indexing each entry carefully.    It would not only be
of great service to the persou who did so, but would, when  filled, be salable to
manypublishers,  so there's a double incentive in the matter.

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T H E C , I T M E R " E I 5 I

Prizes to Users of Collinea? Le'nsea,, THE
The Voigtlaender & Son Optical Comppny
sent us the following, ancl invite al1 those CAMERA who are possessors of a Collinear lens to
AN INDEPENDENTMONTHLY MAGAZINE DTVOTED TO THE participate in a competitive exhibition of
ADVANCEMENT oF THE AMATEUR PHoTOGRAPHER prints, the object of which is to bring out as
Fnewr V. CrranrnBns I ndi+^r" much as possible of the good. work d.one
. JOIIN BARTLETT J with Collinear lenses during the past two 16 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Enteredat PhiladelphiaPoat-officeas second-classmatter. years. We offer the following prizes:
Yearly sutrscription, in advance, postage paid, Unitecl r. $r5.oo in cash, for the best print, 5 x 7
States, Canada or Mexico, $r,oo. Foreign coun- size or over, showing high-speed instau-
tries, $r.4o. Sirrgle copies, ro cents. Remittances may be made at our risk, by money taneous work.
iegistered letter. order, draft or
will begin with the current number at 2. $r5.oo in cash, for the best print, 5xz Subscriptions
receipt, of their directed. the time unless otherwise size or over, showing time work, fi-second, photographic upon oI interest Items subjects will be
sladlv received. exposure or more.
received by all photographic and news- Su-bscriptions 3. $ro.oo in cash, for the best priht, 4x 5 dealers in the States. United
size, showing high-speed instantaneous work.
& P R I L , t 9 o , 4. $5.oo in cash, for the best print, 4x5
size or under, showing time work.
.frutards in Photo Competitions, 5. $5.oo in cash, for the best print mad.e /Vos. lO and ll. with No. z or No. 3 Folding Pocket I(odak
Through a series of delays, we were unable or No. 3 Folding Weno Hawk-Eye
to forward the prizes or announce the win- The conditions governing the competition
ners in our Portrait Competition before this are as follows:
late date, and even now will have to beg your r. Only prints from negatives mad.e with
indulgence until our May issue, when the a Collinear lens may participate.
winning portraits and the criticism on the 2. Prints must be in our possession on or
first four will be published. Fortunately we before May 5th, r9ror. can place the blame upon Prof. Raymer. He
3. Each set of prints must be accom- shifted his headquarters back to the Illinois panied. by a letter containing the name and
College of Photography and then visited. a address of the sender, and particulars as to
relative, where he was quarantined for sev- the series, size and running number of the eral weeks. He promises to do better in the Collinear lens used, the aperture, the shutter, future aud.be more prompt. and the time of exposure.
The general improvement in the photo-
graphs submitted in the portrait competition 4. A11 prints are to remain our property,
is commended, and we trust our contestants and. we are to have the privilege of using the
will continue in the good work started.. The negatives.
awardsare: 5. Orrly one prize will be given to auy one
First Prize, CervrEneSilver Medal, Rob't exhibitor.
Talbot, North Edmeston, N. Y. 6. The prints will be judged with respect
Second Prize. CelrEna, Bronze Medal, to their technical excellence and artistic
Joseph W. Daub, Sellersville, Pa. merit by three disinterested and. competent
judges, to be selected. later. INtEnton CorvrpDtrtrox No. rr.
First Prize. CeruEne Silver Medal, ,,I;i- It will give us much pleasure to have all
brary, State Capitol, Hartford, Conn.," H. S. those who are users of Collinear lenses par-
Redfie1d. ticipate in this competition.
Second. Prize, CenrDne Bronze Medal, Very truly yours,
"Bank Interior," E. M. Roberts, Ashland, Voretr,enNDER & Sox Opr. Co.
Kentucky. B The interior pictures submitted. are the
best it has been our pleasure to see in a The second number of the Aristo Eagle
competition of this nature. The mounting, reaches us this month, and is full of good
printing and general excellence leaves noth- things of interest to the photographer.
ing to be desired. Comments on these will Sample copies can be had by addressing
be published next month. American Aristotype Co., Jamestowu, N. Y.

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r52 T H E C A T W E R " E

'WaterPotassium Iodide ro gm, or I oz.
. roo c. c. or ro "
Iodine , o.2 grrr. or ro grains Correspond,ence When the stains are almost invisible by
transmitted light, transfer the plate to a weak
All questions relating to technical matters, processes, (r in zo) hypo bath for a few miuutes. Then
working instructions, referred etc., are to competent well wash. experts in the particular subject referred to, and
the utmost is done to insure reliable and practical
answers being given. Printing in Cloutls.-Please tell how to print
Correspondents are requested to first state their case in clouds in the sky of bromide enlarge-
and then number each question; theyshould also ments.-W. W. Swovnn. write on one side only of the paper, and enclose
correct name and address-not necessarilv for pub- Select the cloud negative. Expose the lication.
\Pe do our best in all cases to publish the replies in foreground in the usuat way, the dense sky
our next issue following the riceipt of the iuquiry, preventing the light from affecting the print but cannot absolutely guarantee this.
All inquiries should be addressed to Trrs CAMERA, in that part. When the exposure is finished
16 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia. cover the lens with a yellow glass cap, or a
No questions answcrcd by post. B. & L. Ray Filter, so that you can see the
image without the light having any power.
Copying Tin-types. - t'86s. " - We shall Then cover the landscape, ahnosl up to the ('Copyirg, horizon, with a sheet of red or black paper. shortly give a paper on " which
Put the cloud negative in position and cover will include the copying of tin-types. It
the enlargement with a large sheet of card. you understand the methocl for copying en-
gravings or photographs you will encounter Uncap the lens and give a rather short ex-
posure, unless you want very deep clouds. very little extra trouble in managing the
During tbe entire d.uration of exposure, al- tin-type. Place a velvet cloth at the base of
the copying board to cut off reflections in ternately move the card.board. slowly, first
downward.s, until past the horizon, and. then the polished surface.
move upwards, until the sky is completely
' Changing Blue Prints.-How ean I turn ordi- covered. In this way there will be no visi-
nary blue prints from blue to brown, or ble joint between clouds and view.
black ?-JouN DerNs.
Blue prints can be changed to brown by Combining Lenses.-I have two single lensesr Can they be formed into a rectilinear, and
placing the dry prints in strong ammonia, six what is-the rule for ascertaining the dis-
d,rops; water one ounce. As soon as the tance between the lenses?
color has disappeared, the prints are put into W. H. H. RILEY.
tannic acid, nine grains; water, oue ounce. There is no rule that is strictly applicable
The whites will be discolored, but this can- to all lenses that may be combined. As a
aot be prevented. They can be made black rough guide, we may point out that a sepa-
by placing them, after rinsing, in a solution ration of about one-eighth the focal length
of silver nitrate, nine grains to the ounce of will usually be found. to answer best. The
water. When the image is bleached, the separation can be altered. within certain limits
prints are washed, dried, exposed. to the without making the lens any less effective,
fumes of ammonia, exposed to light, and provid.ed that it does not give rise to a flare
then developed in an ordinary oxalate devel- spot. The rule to find the separation be-
oper. It is a good. deal simpler to adopt tween the lenses to give any particular focal
some other process, as we do not believe the length is as follows : Add the focus of one
change permauent. in inches to the focus of the other, and sub-
'r tract from this-the two foci multiplied to- Removing Silver Stains.-I have r negative gether and divided, by the focus of the com- that is stained by P. O. Paper sticking to
it, and one that the paper has stuck bination. Thus, if we have two lenses, one
fast. Can anything be done ?-HDNRv W. of rz-inch and one of r3-inch focus, and we
Cse.rvrnEns. propose to combine them to make one of 6ft'
To remove the paper from the negative inch focus, then ttre separation is obtained
soak it in a solution of hypo, the strength as follows : rz and. 13:25, z5-Qz)(ry:6r/)
used for fixing plates. If the negative should. equals one inch, which is the separation
have silver stains on it after the paper has necessary. The limits within which the sepa.
been removed, it will have to be treated with ration can be profitably varied are, however,
of potassium. limited. lodid.e

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T H E   C " I I M E R . / T                                                                    r53

            Bromitle Paper.-Will    you  please give me a       after  mixture  and  agitation,  the emulsion
              formula  for making  Bromide  paper.              is  kept   at  a temperature   of  44" C.  for  an
                                       Crres. J. Hor,znn.       hour,  and ailowed  to  set, and then  washed.
            The following   is recommendecl  for obtain-     The  bromide   of  silver  paper   is  used. for
             ing  a glossy  paper:  A  glass plate  is  to be   enlargements,  by means of the camera, which
            procured   of  suitable   size, made  perfectly    are to be afterward  developed  with  the usual
             clean, and  polished  with  chalk.   Upon  this    developers.   The  chloride   of silver  paper  is
             plate, well warmed,  the emulsion  is poured,     for printing   in the usual way.  The  printing
          and the  plate  put upon a  leveling   table  to     is done in a frame, and the prints toned with
              settle.   Whilst  this  is  going on take a quire    go1d.  The  only  care  required   is thorough
              of paper, wet  it  in  pure  water,  antl  drain   it    washing.
               off  well   ; lay  it upon the  emulsion,  pressing    We advise you  to buy the paper ready pre-
                      it  slightly   over and  drying     it  with   gentle    pared.  The maker's  thereof spend time  in
             heat.   After    it  is thoroughly   d.ried  it  is  re-    perfecting   their  products  and  are  reliable,
          moved from  the  glass, which  operation   re-   whereas you   will  spoil more  material  than
            quires  the  greatest  care,  but  occasions  no     is good.
                difficulty.                                                           Photographing  Snow.-(r)   Can a person pho-
            BROMIDE OF SILVER AND BROMO-IODO SIL\rER       tograph  and show  the snow  flakes  in the
                            EMULSION.                             air during  a snow storm ?  (z)  If  so, about
                               A.-For   Black Tones.                 what time with  a Cramer  Iso.  fnst.  Plate,
                    Gelatine                      rS grammes          Goerz No.  3 Lens and No.  8 U.  S. stop ?
                  Bromide  of Potassium   .      q      "                 (S)  Should  a Ray  Filter  be used?   (+)
                  Water                                          . rs6-z ccm.             What  developing  agent  will  give best re-                        Nitric  Acid                      drops.                                                                          sults on above exposure?
            To this  rr.2 grammes  of  nitrate  of  ,silver,                           Gpo.  D. CoeceN.
            dissolved in r5o ccm. of water, are added.         fmpractical,  when one considers the actual
            The  mixture   is kept  at a temperature   of    size of the flakes  in  nature.   Would  be im-
          38o C. for half an houroran   hour, according    perceptible  upon any sizephotographic   plate,
              to the degree  of sensitiveness  required,  and   even supposing   it possible to get them.
            then  allowed.  to  set,  and  washed   in  the
            usual way.                                          John'Wootlwartl.-There      is a chemical   dif-
                                                              ference  between  Meta-Bisulphite   and  Su1-
                        B.*For  Brozan ll/arm Tones.                                                                    phite  of Soda.  You can use the  former   in                 Gelatine                              . 15grains.
               Bromide                             of                                            ounces.                                                                 the making   of your  developer,  but  there  is                          Potassium..     7.5                                                                                           .'                       Potassium                 Iodide of                                                   r.6                                                         no  ad.vantage  in  this  particular   over  plain
              Dissolved  in r5o ccm. of water,  to which  z    sulphite.  We  would  not recommend    it,  as
           drops  of nitric  acid are added.  To the whole    the price  is more  than  three  times  as much.
                is added a solution  of                          as sulphite.
                   Nitrate of Silver             .  . rr.2 grains.          You  will  find  the answer  to your  question
               Water                            .  .  . rsoccm.                                                          as to solubility   of the different  chernicals  in
           and treated  just  like  A.                        a  Dictionary   of  Solubilities.   We  have  not
                              CIILORIDE    OF  SILVER.   GELATINE.             room  for the reprinting   of so long a 1ist.
                    Gelatine                                                                                     .   .  3ograins.-9.;   ,,                   Chloride of Ammonium,    ,                                                                                J. W.  Street.-(t)    There   is  less  risk   of
              Dissolve  iu 3oo ccm.  of  water.   Then  3o   encountering   halation   or  solard.ization   in
            grains  of nitrate  ofsilver  are dissolved  in 3oo   using a fi1m, and hence the sky  is better  ren-
           ccm.  of water,  and added  to  the  first,  well    dered than  with  a plate,
                                                                               (z)  IJqually  good results may be obtained           shaken  up,  and  heated.  to  8oo C.  for  ten
            minutes.      It   is  then  allowed   to  set, and   by using  films as are secured by  plates, but
          washed as before.                                  the film  is more  liable  to deteriorate  by time,
                                                       and good. work   is obtained. only  with  fresh
               CELORIDE    OF  SILVER    GELATINE      WITII    NITRATE    OF   made films.
                                           SILVER.
                    Gelatine                                 .    ro srains.                 J. W.  0,-(l)    Dry  tbem  under moderate                                 of                         Ammonium.                   Chloride                                                                                     .                                                         .5   "( '              pressure.              C i t r a t eo                                                        I S                               o d a . . . . . . . g                                                                                       . 4
                                                                               (z) A portrait  lens willgenerally   be found              are  dissolved    in 3oo ccm.  of  water  and  added
                to a solution    of                                        to work  more rapidly  for  studio work,  but a
                                                                  rapid  rectilinear   of any good make may be
                      Nitrate'Water  of Silver            30 grains.                                             .3oo ccm.            employed.





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r54 T H E C E h T E R E

(3) You should focus so as to have the Broken Negatives.-Willyou please tell how
eyes sharp. A falling off in sharpness on the to repaif broken negatives so they may be
printed from without notice of the break? other parts of the head is not as perceptible. Mns. W. W. Sewvrn.
(+) Of course you secure better results by
(r) e broken negative is placed upon a using a larger lens than that first adapted to
sheet of glass, aad the two bound round the the dimensions of the plate, but then your
eclge with narrow strips of paper. Priut in a angle of view is not as great if the focus of
very deep frame so that the light may fall the larger lens is longer.
vertically upon the negative and keep the (5) You are not explicit enough in your
frame in motion, (z) Yes, any of the meters inquiry. The answer depends much on
advertised in Tnp Cervrnne will fill your what kincl of lens you wish to insert between
ueeds. the combinations.
Black anrl White P. O. Paper.-Will you
J. W. V/atts.-Doubtless the dark dtreak kindly tell me whether there are any print-
on the negative is fog caused by a beam of ing-oit papers giving goocl bla6k and
light striking the plate during exposure. white effec{s, which can be used !,y arti-
To remove take a piece of soft chamois, ficial light showing the image befbre de-
velopmEnt as the platinotype does by day- draw it tightly over the end of the finger,
lighf , and if so, n^ame.nd iddtess, ple"sl ?
dip it in alcohol, ancl gently rub the fogged R. S. F'owr,Pn.
place. As the chamois becomes blackened We are not acquainted with such kind of
by the silver, substitute a clean piece. It paper. It woul<l be something to be desired.
will take some few minutes to remove the
fog, but it can be done effectually. Take Metol-Eytlro.-(r) Please give a reliable for-
care not to rub the film hard enough to mula for maklng gold chloride..- (z) How many grains of gold chloride will z4 grains break it. of puregold make? (g) Can you givea
formula for Metol-hydrochinone to be used
Photographing Lightning.-How are the vari- like the one for Eiko-hydro. given in
ous photographs of lightning obtained ?- your October issue under an article headeil Crnus. "A Rational Method of Development?" ,
Place the camera in an open window fac- F. G. DowNs.
ing the storm-cloud, open the shutter, and r and z answered. in March issue.
leave the plate exposed until a brilliant flash (3) (a) Water . 16ounces
of lightning has passed across the field of the SodiumSulphite(crystals).Hydroquinone .. . .8ograinsrounce
lens. Use a large stop and a quick plate. Metol . . 6cl
Develop gradually. The shutter may be left (0) Water . 16 ounces Carbonate Potassium (crvstals).. z "
open until several flashes of lightning have Sodiurn Sulphite . . . .- rl owce
been impressed on the plate. Use equal portions.

Brush Development.-How is brush develop-
ment d.one on platinum prints ?-D. BRUcE.
Iray the print face up on a sheet of glass
arrd, coat with pure glycerine by the aid of a
brush. Prepare also the following solutions
(saucers are capital things to keep the solu-
tions in whilst working, and have three or
four brushes of various sizes) :-No. r, Gly-
cerine, 3 parts; oxalate developer, r part.
No. z, Glycerine, z parts ; oxalate developer,
z parts. No. 3, Glycerine, r part; oxalate, 3
parts. No.4, Plain oxalate developer. After
the print has been well glycerined, brush
No. r solution all over it; the shadows will
probably appear. Then apply No. z; this
brings out the half-tones; and by local ap-
plication of Nos. 3 ancl 4 any part may be
coaxed out, as the glycerine acts as a physi-
cal restrainer and. keeps back the well-ex- "Confound it ! If I could only take a snapshot of my-
posed parts. self. Just my luckl"-All2 SIoPet.

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I
I
T H E C N M E R " / T r55
I
I Things Neut Photographic lX X

The Nepera Chemical Co., Nepera Park, A foreign inventor has devised an appa-
N. Y., have just issued. a handy Velox ratus by which dry plates may be employed
Manual, u'hich will be a boon to all users ot on the Folding Pocket Koclaks and similar
Velox. It explains the method of working cameras. A special plate. holder is sup-
the paper in such a clear and concise manner plied, which is attached. to the camera body
that everybody should have a copy, which is by friction. They have not, as yet, reached
sent free upon request. this country.
From The Pltotographic Dealer we notice Many amateurs have refrained from using
that the Secco Film Company (England) Platinum paper owing to what they thought
was the extreme high price, but this illusion will be closed. up, a petition having been
presented requesting the winding up of the is easily dispelled when one realizes that
affairs of the concetn. This is the company failures are reduced to a minimum and
that promised so much for photography perfect prints secured. The Bradley Plati-
about a year ago, and received prorninent num paper, which we advertise this month,
notices in this country and abroad we have been using for years with great sat-
isfaction. A neat little manual has been Mr. Harry Venables, late manager of the
prepared by John Bradley, 49 N. r3th Street, Providence Photo Supply Company, and one
Philaclelphia, telling more about the paper of the earnest workers of Tsn CeuEne, has
than we can in our space. A copy will be resigned his position and accepted the man-
sent upon request. agement of the photo departnrent at Gim-
bel's in this city.
ft is somewhat strange, in view of the
postal card craze that has existed throughout We take great pleasure in announcing that
Europe for a number of years past, that the the Wager Exposure Scale is now made of
amateur and profession4l photographer have Aluminum. This device, which first ap-
both failed to realize this important factor of peared about a year ago, has been followed
amusement to the one and profit to the by a number of imitators, but none of them
other. It is impossible to visit any foreign have attained the perfection of the Wager.
city without being able to obtain a pleasant Its accuracy, speed of manipulation, elimi-
souvenir of every point of interest, the nation of sensitized paper and mental arith-
familiar faces of royalty or those famous in metic, etc., etc., have won thousands of
music, literature or art. The postal cards friends for it. Our tests with it have been
are thus not only a source of revenue to the highly satisfactory.
professional. artist, but are highly cherished 3
by the friend or relative at home who can
follow everv footstep of the wand.erer, re- ./I Curious Copyrigh't Decision.
ceive each day or two some visual token of A curious decision as to the right to rebind
the scenes visited and thus read the occa- books, which also involves ttre question of
sional letter that the hurry of travel permits, copyright, was given by the United States
with far greater intelligent interest than Circuit Court .of Appeals. The cogrt an-
otherwise. To the amateur they possess a nounced. that to trim old books, to cut off
double value, in not only bringing about an the eclges of the leaves and to rebind them
inexpensive interchange of views taken, but is no invasion of the rights of the person
iu favoring the chosen friend. with a scene holding the copyright of the books. The
of his surroundings or the face of one near court in its ruling put in a proviso that a
to him. We understand that the Rotograph book so rebound,, recovered. and offered for
people no\tr carry a line of these sensitized sale should have prominently displayed ancl
postal cards in stock, coated upon either stamped upon its cover notice that the book
glossy or matt paper; and we would suggest was a second-hand copy. The American
that our friends give them a trial. Book Company have complained that the

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r56 T H E C . / I M E R . / T

defendants were selling old school books on To Make Dishes, etc., Il)aterproof.
which they owned the copyright. They Ia sometimes happens that the amateur has
were theu revamped. and. sold. The court some dishes, etc., made of wood, which he
in its decision says: "We think that, so far desires to make waterproof. To do this he
as respects the copyright laws of the United must melt and mix up in an old tin pan the
States, no legal right of the appellee was following:
invaded by so doing. What was done was Common brown resin . 4 parts.
merely the restoration of the books to their Beeswax . r part.
original condition when sold by the appellee, When this mixture is quite fluid. it should
or so nearlyso as could bedone."-Scientfic be coated over the article to be made water-
American. proof, which must be first well dried and
B warmed.- Pltotographic News,
Tonlng Bath for P. O. P. B
P. O. P. workers are always annoyed, at Black Uarnish.
the necessity for washing the prints in Tnp following black varnish can be flowed.
several changes of water before the toning over a glass and any diagram or title drawn
is commenced. The process of eliminating or scratched through the film, when it is clry,
the free silver is an uninteresting and tedious with a sharp penknife or stout darning-
one, it often requiring half a d,ozen changes needle, and thus show up as white ou a
of water before the milkiness may be said to black ground :
have disappeared. Here is a toning bath Day cc. or & Martin's Brunswick black 17 ozs, Soo t( tt Benzole 26 " 7 ("Mason's") which abolishes the difficulty : Chloroform ro3 . " " 3%"
Sulphocyanideof ammonia . . . .!5 gr. G. M. W. in Pltotographic Neuts. Common salt . . 64 gr.
C h l o r i d e ogf o l d : . . . . 2 g r .
Water . ro oz. B
The prints rnay be taken straight from the Deuelopment of Platinum Prints.
printing frame and immersed in this, care A connEspoNDENTwrites: "I have come
being taken to remove all air bubbles that across a French formula for platinotype de-
may form. When toning is complete, the veloper, which, as I find it very good.,and as
prints are placed in the usual hypo bath for to me it presents solne features of novelty,
fixation. The tints obtainable are from perhaps might interest you:
warm red-brown to purple, according to the Water . rooo parts.
duratiou of immersion. The extent to which Ox. potash 3oo parts,
Alum z5 parts.
toning has proceeded may be juclged by in- Tartaricacid . 3parts.
specting the print by transmitted light. For f use it half strength."-Britislt Journal
the coldest purple no red. color shouftl re- of Pltotography.
main, even in the darkest shadows, when I
looked through.-r4mateur Photographer
(London). Reproducing Negatiues by Ooer'
Exposure.
WnrTrNG inthe Moniteur de la Pltotographie
Tra,vel anA RecreLtion (rst August issue, r9oo, p. 297), M. Louis Fuilla urges the convenience of thismethod,
Conducted by FRANK G. BARRY which consists in exposing an ordinary gela-
If you are about to make a trip for pleasure tino-bromide plate in the printing frame
und.erthe negative to be reproduced, and de-or business, we will, without charge, have
veloping asusual, but to secure the full bene-sent to you the necessary information con- fit of the reversed action of light the ex-
cerning the most direct routes, hotels, or posure must be about that which should be
boardiug-houses. We are in a position to given to obtain a print on a rather sensitive
furnish accurate information, and we can, printing-out paper; ten to twenty minutes
in the shade. No special precautions are re-perhaps, save you some iuconvenience.
quirecl in development, only it must be re-
Acldress TnevEr,En's BunE.ru, membered that a flat hnd. fogged result
Trrp Cervrnu, 16 S. 5th St., Philada. indicates under-exposure,and a hartl picture

i:ilir

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        Dornb=TteissBauscltS
   SERIESV AhIASTIGMAT
            (Uice    €xtreme    ffingleRapid





       t'IIS interior \\ras photographed with a Bausch  & Lomb-Zeiss
      Anastigmat,-speedSeiies V, an exrreurewide angle lens having trruch
      greater      than hirs heretofore been possible in a wide angle,
 nraki.,i it .rp.,..i"ll' valuable for street and flashiight work, or  for anv
 co nfi neri situ atio n.
                             C A T A L O G  F - R E E .
                  gornpanV,                               Rocltcstcr,ll.y.Bausclt0 f,OrnUOptieal
           llew York.                                       Ollieags.

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tr
T H E C . E M E R E r57

M. Fuilla says that rapid plates are best for each sheet in the developer contained in affi on a clear ground indicates over-exposure. tion ; or asfor bromide papers, by immersing
the reversed action process, and in the case dish. In either case development proceeds
of thin negatives the exposure is best in the rapidly ; is complete in about twenty seconds
shade, underagroundglass, orunder a sheet with carbon and the ordinary varieties of
of green glass. Direct sunlight is useful in Velox, whilst the "special" papers develop
other cases. M. Fuilla reminds his readers somewhat less rapidly-in half to three-
that the reproduced negative obtained by this quarters of a minute. Should the prints on
process is laterally reversed., as required for development have greyish whites, add more
single transfer carbon printing, or for collo- bromide-say one or two drops of ten per
type. When a direct or ord.inary negative is cent. solution to the ounce. In addition to
required, it may be made from the first re- producing slightly increased contrast the
produced negative by repeating the process. further bromide gives brilliancy to the re-
It goes without saying that the over-exposure sulting print. Greenish or brownish blacks
method is equally suited for the reproduction will result if too much bromide be present.
ofpositive transparencies, and indeed for all Over-exposure also occasionally produces
cases in which lateral reversal is required similar results; but this, of course, may be
without any other difference from the determined. by the rapidity of development
oiginal.-A mat eur Plt o tograp her (London). of the print. Greatly over-exposed prints
become fully d.eveloped in quite a few
I seconds, and iu many cases d.evelopment is
not uniform over the whole print. Hints o,n Uetox. 'Rinsing
and Firing.--The fully developed
Mn. DoN.lLD C. NrGsTrNcAr,E, who is at print should be rinsed very rapidly ; merely
present making a tour of various provincial passed through a little clean water contained
societies and demonstrating the use of Velox in a dish, and then transferred to the fixing
paper, gives an exceedingly good and instruc- bath, which for prbference should contain
tive entertainment. The following are some the acid solution prepared according to
of his practical hints, the actual lecture of formula. During the first few seconds of fix-
which this constitutes a report, being that ing, each print should be kept moving in the
given to the Burnley Camera Club on Octo- fixing bath in order to avoid the possibility
ber r8th, Mr. W. Sutcliffe presiding : of stains resulting. Immersion from five to
Eposure.-As a guide to correctness of ex- eight minutes in the fixing bath is amply
posure, make a print on a strip of paper be- sufficient. When fixed, the prints are trans-
fore printing from the whole negative. This ferred to the washing water, in which they
method enables one to determine the ex- should remain for about one hour.
posure to a nicety, and. economy in paper Dryting.-Velox prints may be dried by
results. Ifave your printing frame at a dis- any of the usual methods. Perhaps the
tance of about six inches from an ordinary simplest is to lay each print face upwards on
gas flame or iucandescent electric lamp. To a sheet of blotting paper.
ensure even illumination gently revolve the PorNts To BE OnsEnvEo.-To avoid stains, printing frame. .- An alternative method use fresh developer and take care that the
which is ntore readily applicable in the case rinsing, both before and after development,
of electric light is to place the printing frame is speed.y and thorough. Use preferably an
on a table and holding the lamp directly acid fixing bath as per formula. Avoid ex-
above; move it about from time to time, cess of potassium bromide in the developer,
always at a uniform distance from the nega- but wherever the print yields greyish whites
tive. increase the bromide up to three drops per
Deue lopm enl.-Having mad.e the exposure, ounce in addition to the proportion for nor-
or series of exposures, moisten the paper by mal developer. Wherever markings occur
passing it through clean water in a dish-in on the surface of Velox prints erase from the
the case of Carbon Velox it is preferable to dried print by means of cotton wool well
appt)' the developer to t}re dry print-and moistened with methylated. spirit. Avoid
immediately proceed to develop either by prolonged development, on account of its
means of a tuft of absorbent cotton wool or tend.enc_yto produce stains.-./rnateur Pho-
a soft brush soaked in the developing solu- tographer (Lonclon).

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r58 T H E C " & M E R , N

Tinted Couer Glasses for Lantern inches deep; one to fit the camera when the
Slid.es. reversible back was removed, and. the other
Tsp following methocl of tinting lantern to fit the reversible back, fastening thenr in
cover glasses is d.ue to a contributor to the their respective places by the same method'
Amateur Ph.otograper, wbo points out that as the reversible back was fastened to the
und.erexposed plates after being fixed and camera.
washed may have the clear gelatine color To these frames I fastenetl a bellows of the
stained by longer or shorter immersion in proper length, made as described in the
some one of the following dye baths :-Red : June, r9@, number of Trrn Celrnne.
Congo red or fuchsin, eosin or red coraline. Some means of holding the attachmeut
Orange : Aurantia, chrysoidine. Yellow : rigid was necessary, and the best means that
Uranine, Manchester yellow, tropaeolin. I know of is to get two brass or iron straps
Green: Malachite green, acid. green. Blue: and fasten them by thumbscrews, allowing
Gentian blue, Hoffman's blue, indigo car- them to project over camera body, the lower
mine. Violet: Methyl violet. Brown: Bis- strap having a hole to allow the tripod screw
marck brown. The strength will vary ac- to pass through.-Anagun E. Enn.
cording to requirements, but as a rough B
guide, r part dye to roo or zoo parts water will
be about right. Of the methyl violet, which The Photo.Fellous of Chtcago.
is powerful color, r part dye to 4oo or 5oo Mv Drnn Mn. CnelrBERs:
water will probably be strong enough. If The following notes on a new organization
the dye does not dissolve sufficiently freely may prove of interest to you and your read-
in water you may try the addition of a few ers. If so, use them as you see fit.
drops of acetic acid ; or the dye may be dis- : . Very trulY,
solved. in alcohol and then diluted with water. Gno. H. Hezr'rtt.
Trrr Psoro-FEr,r,ows.
( Preamble.) Idea Interchange Being associated together as "Photo-Fel-
lows" in all that the name implies, and'
This column is open to our readers for criticism upon anv subiect apiearing in Tne CAMERA, and we in- believing that honesty and sincerity of pur-
hints f6rmule aud oit-e iae-as. piivate from all' pose are alone sufficient for the guiclance of neccessarily do not herein Siatement's bublished
voice the opinion of the journal. gentlemen, \ile purposely ignore all prece-
d.ent and establish this declaration of princi'
Eorron oF TrrE CAMDRA: ples for the benefit of any who may here-
Dear Sir:-Re.long fbcus attachment for after be selected to affiliate with us.
hand camera : I made one some months ago, r. Fellowship can be acquired' only by
which cau be easily carried about in the unanimous selection.
camera case. z. To become a Fellow costs $zo.oo; to
My camera has a reversible back, antl I remain one costs $3o.oo each year.
made two frames of the same dimensions as 3. Our afiairs shall be in the hands of a
the outside of the camera and' abott s/ governing board of fi.ve,. elected for one
year. The decisions of the board are with-
out appeal.
4. Each Fellow is required to prove his
ability when requested by the governors.
There is no constitution orby-laws. There
is no president. A member of the board'
presides at each meeting. The board makes
rules to govern occasionsas they arise. The
govefnors for rgor are:
W. T. JeuES,
F. K. LAWRENCE,
A. K, BouRsAUr'f,
A-Camera bodY. D-Reversible back, Dn. Cnes. G. Fur'r'En,
B-Frames. E-Brass straps. C-Bellowr. F-Thumb scrcwt. Gro. H. HazLrTT.

,
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I lril#. $ ,
r59 l# rnE e*nEne

The other members are Elenry G. Mohr, Eorton oF TrrE CeuEne:
J. F. Palmer, If. G. BrinsleI, R. J. Bassett, Dear Siz.'-Would like to say in answer
H. G. Maratta (artist), W, L. Wells (artist), to question of Emil Erthol, on page r 14,
J. S. Driver, E. L. Bourke, E. A. Hall and that if Velox or Vinco prints are put und.er
Edgar Cameron (artist). Mr. A. I(. Bour- a letter press when pasted and kept under
sault (ehemist) is scribe and treasurer. The pressure until dry, the leaves of his album
rooms are located in the Stewart Builtling, will be perfectly flat and stay so.-T. F. W.
State and Washington Streets, and consist of & a reception room, laboratory, dark room and i$
lantern room. Unlike most society d.ark Eprton oF TED Ceu&ne:
rooms, that of the Photo-Fellows is ful1y Dear Sir: - The article of Mr. R. E.
equipped, not only with all necessary gradu- Schouler, of our Club, in your January issue,
ates, trays, washing and fixing boxes, but has been prod,uctive of valuable accessions
also with all the or<linary chemicals used in of uew members to our Club, and I desire to
photography. A rrxr4 reducing and en- make this tardy acknowledgment of your
larging camera is located in the lantern room, courtesy to the Club in giving space to his
as are also lockers for each member. Thc letter.
organization having so few members, things If not trespassing too much on your good
can be managed more as they would. be in a nature, I would like to ask just one more
family, and chemicals, etc., can be kept at favor and. that is: I would like to say, in
hand where they could, not be in a large connection with Mr. Schouler's article, that
organization. The dark room is supplied just at present the membership of our Clubffi#
with hot and cold, water and compressed air, is confined. to persons residing east of the
gladlyiffi the latter being very handy for dusting Ohio River, and that while we would
plates, paper and plate holders, The limit welcome desirable members far west of that
of membership is fifty members. river, it wiU not be practicable on account of
the expense for exchange of the albums.
B Yours faithfully,
Eprton or' TEE CervrEne: G. A. BRANDT, Secrelary,lffi
Dear Sir:-l enclose you the following, Postal Photographic C1ub.
which may be helpful to many who have Washington, D. C.
uot the advantage of running water for the gl# washing of their plates and prints. First,
get a piece of cork, about four inches square Enrton oF TrrE CerrEne:
and an inch thick, and then fasten to each Dear Sir.'-Could the white lines in cut
cif the sides of the cork at the center an on page 77 bave been ma:le with a brush in:l# ordinary clamp, such as is used to fasten dusting the plate ? I have seen it stated that
cuffs to the sleeve of a shirt. Then fiIl a by using a brush rapidly and vigorously
pail ro washtub with water, and. taking the electricity would streak a plate, An occa-
negative fasten it at that end where the clip sional stiff hair in the brush might have
in the holder retains it, in the little jaws of caused the cracked lines.-E. P. RonrNSoN,
the cuff clamp, and place it in the water. ETffi The cork will float on the water and hold
suspend.ed. the plate, thereby allowing the Method and ,llpparatus for
hypo to freely pour out from the film on the Flashlight.
plate. The reason for this is a chemical one, Probably one of the most unsatisfactory
naruely, that the hypo is so much heavier things that the amateur has anything to do
than the water, so that anything saturated. with in photography is that of the flash tfi* with it and then suspend.ed. in the water the fght, ancl the difficulty has been caused by
hypo will of its own weight leave it. A the very unsatisfactory method.s that are in
4xS can be thusthoroughly cleaused of all present use for producing the light. These
hypo in a remarkably short time, and where methods are, in almost all cases,disagreeable,iu
oue has not the ad,vantage of running water and iu rnany, are dangerous. Justthe proper
. i
this method. is to say the least very practical. instrument for use has never to my knowl-
A trial will convince oue of this commotl edge been placed on the market. A method,
sense method. of eliminating the hypo from however, which was used.some years ago by #;ffi e plate. HENnv M. Gnntx. a Westeru men, aud which so far as the

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r5o                                          rH E C"&M ER"/T

writer  knows has n'ever been used except by   been  passed. through  the  tube  (E)  can  be
himself  and which   is perfect  for  flash light     lighted,  and by  leaving  a sma1l space  be-
photography,   may be interesting.   Back  in   tween  the blacking  box and  the back  of the
the  r86o's the Mammoth  Caves in Kentucky       tin  tube, the  wire  can be fed by  pushing    it
were photographed  by the  aid  of a locomo-    out with  the finger, and in  this  manner  you
tive head light,  ancl with  an exposure  of from    can have a flash  light   of as long a d.uration
ro  to  z5o hours,  and  even  with   this  long
exposure many  of the  views were  not  satis-
factory.    In  1893 the Mammoth  Caves were
again photographed   by  the  aid' of  this new
apparatus,  and much   better  pictures  were
produced   with   the  exposure   of from  5 to
zo minutes  than  with  the  exposure   of z5o
hours  years ago.  The  instrument,  which  is
very simple,  is as follows   :
  Take  an  ordinary   reflector   (K)  such  as
comes for lamps.   Punch a hole in the center
and put through  the hole a small piece of tin
tube  (E)  (part  of a  putty  blower  will  do).
This tube  is to  project    tl   inches  each sid'e
of the  reflector.    In  the  next  place  get  a
blacking  box or any  other  tin  box  (A), and
place  inside  this a  coil  of magnesium   wire.
Fasten  this box  to the back  of the  reflector
by  tin  strips  (D),  and. pass the  encl of the    as you desire.  The  instrument    is  light  and
magnesium   wire through   the  tin  tube  (E).    so convenient   to handle  that  you  can  flash
On the bottom  of the reflector  fasten a small      all around a room  or  either  side of a group'
piece of tin  (F) so as to get the drip from  the   and we think  ways and means can be found
wire.  A handle can be placed on top  of the    for using the thing  by our readers.
reflector  or on  the  side.  The  wire  having                    GEo. H. NEIDLINGER.

       PATENTS RELATING TO PHOTOGRAPTTY.
                              Issuno rN MARcrr' r9or.
Reportedspecia,lv                                      D' c" whow'r                 "'#:iJ:rii,t,3lli.I";    ilLlli; ff::.i.':?i.?:"I31l"Tton'
 669,6t6.   Vignetting   device.   Robert  Burgess,  Jr., Congleton,  England'
 669,97t.  Magazine-canlera.    Josef Adler,  Berlin,  Germany'
67o,u7.   Shutter.    J. E. Thorton,  Manchester,  England.                          t
67o,r18.  Fhotographic  stripping-film.     J. E. Thornton  and C. F. S. Rothwell,  Manchester,
             England.
67o,t54.   Foldirrg panoramic camera'  D. H.  Ilouston,  Ilunter,  N' D'
67o,165.  Developing-tray.     A. B. Sheppard,  South  Burgettstown,   Pa'
67o,233.  Folding  panoramic camera.   D. H.  Ilouston,  Ilunter,  N'  D'
 67o,349.  Continuous  photo-printing   apparatus.    L.  F. Rondinella,   Philadelphia,   Pa.
67o,38r.  Magazine  plate-holder.    Philip  Bogler,  Salida,  Colo.
61o,635.  Timing  attachment   for cameras.   Bernhard  llernhuter,  New  York,  N, Y.
67o,683.  Photographic-rollhold'er.    W. N. Moore, Washington,  D' C'
O7oi,A4i.  Photomicrographic    plate-holder.    N. A. Cobb, Sydney, New South Wales.
67o,843 and.67o,844.  Shutters.   N. A. Cobb, Sydney, New South Wales'
67r,o35.  Shutter.  W. O. Stanley, Dublin,  Ireland'
67r,o66.  Lens.   Christoph  Graf, Closter, N.  J'
67r,o75.   Print washer.  Thomas White,  Vallejo,  Cal.
67t,t54.   Panoramic camera.   P. N. Angsten,  Burlington,  Wis.
 67r,zrg.   Photograph and mount.   R. W. Johuston,  Crafton,  Pa., assignor to R'  W'  John-
              ston & Co., Pittsburg,  Pa.





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