Film cameras
SPECTRA COMBI II User manual
User manual for SPECTRA COMBI II. 63 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
63 pagesEnglish4.2 MB PDF
Loading your manual…Open PDF directly
Document details
- Brand
- Spectra
- Model / document
- SPECTRA COMBI II
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 63
- File size
- 4.2 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
Search available document text
Find a term, then jump to its page in the original PDF. Image-only pages may not be searchable; check the PDF for exact wording and diagrams.
Page 3 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
FOREWORD
Congratulations!You now own the Spectra*Combi ll* - the world's mostodvanced,mostsensitive,
direct-readingexposuremeter.The Combi ll featurestwosilicon-bluecellsfor incident-light,reflected-
f ight and the unique Spectra"incident-reflectedaverage"measurement.The meter isdirect-reodingin
f/stops,and coversa sensitivityrangeof 25 million to one.
This manualhas beenpreparedto enableyou to enjoy optimum performancefrom your new meter.
The informationset forth in this manualwill serveyou overthe years,and the few minutesyou invest
now to acquaintyourselfwith its contentswill reap rewardsfor you throughoutthe life of your
instrument.
CAUTIONNOTES
1) Your Spectra@exposuremeter is a precisioninstrumentand shouldbe handledas such.Do not
drop the meter or subjectit to excessiveshock,vibrationor temperatureextremes!Store it in its
carryingcaseor shippingcartonwhen not in use.
2) The instrumentis shippedwith the battery removedto preventpossibledamagecausedby a
leakingbattery.(lnstructionsfor installingthe batteryare givenin Section5.2 of this Manual.)When
installing the battery, check that it is installed as indicated on the polarity lobel inside the battery
comportmenLlf the instrumentis to be storedfor a long time, removethe battery.
3) Do not attempt to check or adjust the meter zero before readingSection5.4 "Meter Zero
Adjustment".
*"Spectro" ond "Combi ll" ore trodemorks of the Photo Reseorch Division of Kollmorgen Corporation. (See Section
6.5 for o complete list of trademarks.)
IView original page 3Page 12 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
1.0 OPERATINGINSTRUCTIONS:EXPOSUREDETERMINATION
This Sectionoutlinesthe correctoperatingprocedurefor useof the SpectraCombi ll exposuremeter
for determiningexposure.The readeris referredto the illustrationson the inside-frontcoverfor parts
identification.
,..1 CONDENSEDOPERATINGINSTRUC. TIME window (or in the CINE window, for
TIONS motionpicturecameras)
The following is a brief outline of operating 3) Preselectthe light-levelrange (Hl, MED
instructions.For additional information,see or LO)
Section1.2 through1.6. Usingonly the raisedRangeSelectorActuator,
turn the computeruntil the appropriateword -
Hl, MED or LO lines up with the Range
1.1.1 Settingthe Computer lndicatorArrow (at the bottomof the computer).
1) Set the Film Speed NOTE: Usethe Hl rangefor outdoorsand highLift the Film SpeedSettingTab (seephoto "A" light levels,MED for indoors,and LOat feft). Turn the outer dial of the computer(see for low-light-levelphotography.photo "B") until the FILM SPEEDlndicator
points to the ASA speed of the film you are 1.'1.2 Makingthe Light Readingusing.Then pushthe Tab down (seephoto"C")
to lock-inthe setting. For incident light measurements,proceed as
follows: 2) Set the shutter speed
Turn the outer dial of the computeruntil the 1) Set the FunctionSelectorSwitch(on the
shutter speed you desire appearsin the EXP backof the meter)to the INCIDENTposition.
AeJ^,;-,, / . .:bView original page 12Page 13 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
2) From the subject position, point the Photo- REFLECTED-LIGHTM EASUREMENT @sphere towords the comero.
I NCIDENT-LIGHTMEASUREMENT
EQUALTLLUMTNATT0N
\
aI
CAMERA
NORMAL L I G H T
3) Proceedas indicatedin Section1.1.3.
3) Pressthe on loff burton, as indicaredin 'l .'l .3 Readingthe ExposureSection1.1.3, to take the reading.
1) Squeeze the On l}ff burton and hold itFor reflected-light measurements, proceed as until the meter pointer comes to rest; thenfollows:
releasethe button slowly.
1) set the Function selector switch (on the NOTE: lf the meter pointercomesto rest in theback of the meter)ro rhe REF.LECTEDposition. red portions of the meter scale, it is
2) Point the Reflected Light Sensor towords advisable to chonge the Ronge Selector
the importont part of the subject, being certain and repeot the light reoding, lf the meter
to include both h ighlight and shadowareas. pointer is in the red portion at the rightView original page 13Page 14 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
'|..2 side of the scale, move the Range SETTINGTHE COMPUTER
Selectorone rangecounterclockwise,lf ",.2.1 Settingthe Film Speed the pointer is at the left side of the
scale,moveone rangeclockwise. Settingthe Film Speedneedonly be donewhen
the meterissetinitially,or whenyou arechanging 2) Read the f lstop indicatedby the position film types.Onceset,the film speedis lockedin of the meter pointer. (View the meter from
until reset.The settingprocedureis asfollows: directly over the meter pointer.)
3) lf you would prefer to use a different 1) Lift the Film SpeedSettingTab (themetal
tab in the centerof the computer),as shownin f f stop,simplyturn the outerdialof the computer
photo"A" oppositepage1. until the preferredf lstoplinesup with the meter
pointer. (Note that this operationalso changes 2) Turn the outer dial of the computer
the shutterspeed!) (thef/stopdial)untitthe FILM SpEEDlndicator
1.1.4 Battery-TestProcedure on the computerpointsto the ASA speedof the
film you are using.(lf your film is ratedonly in
The internalbattery should be testedafter it is DIN speeds,use the conversiontablein Section
installed,and periodicallyin use.The procedure 6.4 to convertto ASA speeds.)
is asfollows:
1) Pressthe BAT TEST pushburtonon the CAUTION: Do not force the computerpastits
back of the meter, while simultaneouslypressing FILM SPEEDIiMitS- ASA 25,OOO
the main On/Off burton. and FC - as this may resultin per-
manentdamageto the computer!
2) Observethe positionof the meter pointer
on the meterscale.lf the meterpointercomesto 3) Push the Film SpeedSetringTab down
rest to the left of the "B.T.,,dot, the battery is firmly (asshownin photo "C" oppositepage1)
weakand shouldbe replaced. to lock-inthe film speedsetting.
.,; . .;rir,i;io:i,t.., ;. r".- " - ,,;itri*,,:,...,i.;;. ',-:r.:i r!r*'l!J,ii; -View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
1.2.2 Setting the Shutter Speed (Exposure
T i m e ) | | ,{-ta,
1/25-L !t'*s.d
The shutter speed can be set either before or 1/50---.-r TMTNUTES
after taking the light reading, but it is usually 1 / 1 O O +
done before. The shutter speedis set by merely 1 / 2 O O + 'l
t u r n i n g t h e o u t e r c o m p u t e r d i a l u n t i l t h e d e s i r e d /4OO+
r e a d i n gl i n e s u p w i t h t h e s i l v e r l i n e i n t h e E X P
T I M E w i n d o w ( o r i n t h e C I N E w i n d o w , f o r
motion picture cameras).
Note the markingson the shutter speeddial (see I N E
illustrationat right). The numbersthat appearin ( F r a m e s / S e c o n d )
t h e E X P T I M E w i n d o w a r e b l a c k a n d s i l v e r .
Fractional-secondExposure times (from 112
through 1/8000 of a second) are printed with The markingsfor cine camerasare silveron a red
silver letters on a black baclcground.Exposure background,the numbersare "frames per second"
.l
times from second through 30 seconds are for the most common shutter type - the | 73"
black, and also have a letter "s" for clarity. shutter - which providesa 1 150secondexposure
Times from 1 minute through 30 minuteshavea at 24 frames per second. lf your movie camera
letter "m" , while 1 through 8 hour exposuresare shutter is significantlydifferent than this, do not
indicatedby the letter "h". The illustrationalso u s e t h e C I N E w i n d o w o n t h e c o m p u t e r ;i n s t e a d
indicateswhere to set the computerfor unmarked convert the frames per secondfor your particular
s h u t t e r s p e e d s- s u c h a s 1 1 5 0 o r 1 / 1 0 0 o f a camera into an equivalentexposuretime, and use
second. t h e E X P T I M E w i n d o w .View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
,{fi,i www.orphancameras.com
"1.2.3 Settingthe Light-LevelRange falls in the red portion of the meter scale,it is
There are 3light-level range settingson the advisableto reset the range and take another
computer.The Hl (high)rangeis for high light light reading.lf the meter pointer is in the red
levels,commonly encounteredoutdoors; the portion at the right side of the scale,move theI MED (medium)rangeis for intermediatelight Range Selector one range counterclockwise.lf
levels,generallyfound indoors,while the LO the pointer is at the left sideof the scale,move
(low) rangeis for very low light levels.There is one rangeclockwise,
some overlapbetweenranges,but for optimum It should be noted that resettingthe Range
accuracyit is best to be on a rangewhere the Selectorreleasesthe previousreading,and the
meter pointer falls in the center of the meter meter pointerwill drop to zero.(fnis is a feature
scale. designedto preventerroneousexposurereadings
causedby changingrangeswithout takinga new To set the range,place your thumb over the light reading.)Always take a new light reoding raisedRangeSelectorActuatorand push or pull after changing ranges! the raised actuator until the entire computer
beginsto turn. (Do not changerangesby forcing 1.3 MAKING INCIDENT-LIGHTREAD_ the Range IndicatorTabs!) Continue turning I NGS until the desiredRangeIndicatorTab (Hl, MED
or LO) lines up directly opposite the Range 1.3.'l When(andWhenNot) to Maketncident-
IndicatorArrow at the bottom of the computer. Light Readings
Do not leavethe computerbetweenranges,as
the meter will not operate unless the Range f ncident-lightreadingsare made by measuring
lndicatorArrow is directlyoppositeone of three the light fallingon the subject.They are simple
RangeIndicatorTabs! and quick to make,relativelyfoolproof, and are
the preferredmethodof determiningexposurein
After makinga light reading,if the meter pointer almostall conventionalphotographicsituations.
r1(:r a , * * - . - ' . . r ' * ' k , , : ,View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com The key to the successof the incident-light method is the largehemisphericalPhotosphere@, which simulatesa three-dimensionalsubject.The Photosphere" integrates"or averagesthe effect of all of the different lightson the subject (see illustration),and weighsthem proportionallyto their effecton the exposure. Certaiirsituationsin which incident-lightreadings shouldnot be u seddirectly are: 1 ) Whenthe subjectis inaccessible(ro that it is physicallyimpossibleto hold the exposure meter near the subject) and the lightingis non- uniform (sothat the lightingon the subfectis not the sameas the generalIighting). 2) When the importantpart of the sceneto be photographedis unusuallylight (suchas a snow- coveredlandscape),or unusually dark (suchas a blackcat). The inaccessible-subjectsituationwould best be handled by reflected-lightmeasurement(see Section1.4),whilethe lightldarksubjectsituation would best be meteredby eitherthe reflectedor the "incident-reflectedaverage" method (see Sections1.4 and 1.5). The lightldark subjectView original page 17
Page 18 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
situation can also be read by incident-light meter parallelto the subjectwith the Photosphere
measurement if operator judgement is used; pointing towards the camera.
simply decreosethe meter-indicatedexposure by
approximately 1/zof an f/stop for unusually 11g77 I N C ID E N T - L I G H TM E A S UR E M E N T
subjects, or increose the exposure by approxi-
matcly 1/'tstop for unusually dark subjects.For 'i"."':.:..EQUALILTUI\4INATION
very light (or dark) subfects which do not include 'i@ll' a significant amount of fleshtone, increase(or ''i'i;"''.
decrease)the exposureby I full fi stop.
i
Specific suggestionsfor handling specialsubjects I
are given in Section4.3. q
1.3.2 lncident-lightMeasuringProcedure I.qAr, t \ t
I n c i d e n t - l i g hmt e a s u r e m c n t su,s i n g t h e C o m b i l l , CAli,ltRA SUBIIOT
are made as follows: N O R M A L L I G H T U N E V E N L I G H T
l ) S e t t h e F u n c t i o n S e l e c t o rS w i t c h ( o n t h e
b a c k o f t h e m e t e r )r o r h e I N C I D E N T p o s i t i o n .
NOTE: lf necessarv,rotate the swivel head so
2 ) H o l d t h e m e t c r a r t h e p r i n c i p a lp o i n t o f t h a t t h e P h o t o s p h e r ew i l l n o t p i c k u p
interest of the subject with thc Photosphere any rcflections or shadows from the
pointlng directly towords the camera (see illus- photographer.(Seephoto on pageB).
tration at right). lf it is not possibleto get closeto
the subject, but the lighting is uniform (for 3) Prcss the On/Off butron and make the
e x a m p l e , o u t d o o r s u n d e r o p e n s k y ) , h o l d t h e reading(as indicatedin Section I .6).View original page 18Page 19 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
R O T A T E S W I V E L H E A D T O A V O I D R E F L E C T I O N S thc light reflectedback from the subjecttowards
O R S H A D O W S F R O M T H E P H O T O G R A P H E R the camera.
The rcf lcctcd light method has the theoreticol
a d v a n t a g ct h a t i t i s p o s s i b l et o d e t e r m i n eo p t i m u m
exposurcfor all given subjects,sincethe method
is bascd on the iiglrt reflected from the actuol
subject. In the situation described in Section
1 . 3 . 1 , t l r e s n o w - c o v e r e lda n d s c a p ew o u l d r e f l e c t
t n o r c l i g h t a n d t h e m e t e r w o u l d c a l l f o r l e s s
c x p o s u l - c t; l r c b l a c k c a t w o u l d r e f l e c t l e s s l i g h t
. r r r dt l r c r l c t o - w o L t l dc a l l f o l 'm o r e e x p o s u r e .
Unfortunately, the theoreticaladvantageof the
reflectcd light method is often lost in practice
becausc of the need for the photographer to
decide whot portiott of the subject should be
meusured. For example, if the photographer
i n c l u d e st o o m u c h b r i g h ts k y o r w h i t e b a c k g r o u n d
i n h i s r e f l e c t e d - l i g h mt e a s u r e m e n t ,t h e m e t e r
1.4 MAK ING REF LECTED.LIGHT READ- reading will be too high and the forcground
s u bj c c t w i l l b c u n d e r e x p o s e di ;f h e i n c l u d e st o t - rI NGS
much shadow area in the treasurement,the
1 .4.1 Wherr(andWhenNot) to MakeReflected- m e t e r r c a di n g w i l l b e t o o l o w a n d t h e p h o t o -
Light Readings graph will be overexposed.Since successof the
Rcflected-liglrtreadingsarc madeby measuring r e fl c c t e d - l i g h mt e t h o d i s h i g hl y d e p e n d e n tu p o nView original page 19Page 20 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
the photographer'siudgementand carein making 2) From the camera position, point the
the measurement,it is generallyinferior to the Reflected-Light Sensor towards the important
incidentlight methodwheneverthe photographer part of the subject (see illustration below).
is in a rushto takea reading.
one specificsituationin which the conventional
reflected-lightreadingwill be erroneousis in
caseswhere the subject is small and is either
much lighter or darker than the background,
and it is not possibleto get closeenoughto the
subiectto takea small-areareflected-lightreading.
Unless the photographerhas the Spectra 1"
PhotoSpotaccessory,he is betteroff to makean
incident-lightreadingin this situation.
1.4.2 Reflected-LightMeasuringProcedure
Reflected-lightmeasurementscan be madeeither
by the simple "lorge-nreo"techniquedescribed Remember that the Reflected-LlghtSensor seesbelow, or by the more advanced(and compli- f ight over a 42" field, similar to your cameracated) "small-areo" techn iques described i n equipped with a normal lens; therefore if theSection 4.2. scene is nonuniform, you should move in close
enough to the subject to exclude extraneousThe large-areameasuring procedu re is as fo Ilows: background (but stay far enough away to
1) Set the FunctionSelectorSwitch (on the include both important highlight and shadow
back of the meter)to the REFLECTEDposition. areas). Be carefuI not to cast any shadows orView original page 20Page 21 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
reflectionson the subiect.Also be carefulnot to 4) Set the distancescaleon the PhotoSpotto
tip the Sensorupwards,as this may resultin in- correspondto the approximatedistancebetween
cludingtoo much brightsky in the reading(and you and the subject.
consequentialerroneousexposure).lf the subject
is back-lit,eitherturn off the back-lightsor move
close enough to the subject so that the meter 5) Standingat the cameraposition,point the
doesnot measurethe backlights. PhotoSpotlenstowardthe subject.Look through
the PhotoSpot'sviewfinder and center the
3) Pressthe On/Off button and make the critical area (for example,the subject'sface)in
reading,as indicatedin Section1 .6. the 1" circlein the viewfinder:be certainto in-
cludeboth highlightand shadowareas.
1.4.3 Usingthe 1" PhotoSpotAccessory
The 1' PhotoSpotaccessory(seeSection3.1) can 6) Pressthe On/Off button on the Combiand
be usedfor exposuredeterminationby eitherthe makethe reading,as indicatedin Section1.6.
small-areareflected-lighttechniquesdescribedin
Section4.2,or asfollows:
NoTE: It is possibleto switch back and forth
1) Turn the swivelheadso that the Reflected- between normal (42") reflected-light
LightSensoris on the samesideasthe computer. readingsand 1' PhotoSpotreadings.
2) Removethe Photosphereby turning it 60" Simplyset the FunctionSelectorswitch
counterclockwiseand installthe 1' PhotoSpotin to the REFLECTEDpositionwhenthe
it's place (seeinstructionspackedin the Photo- built-in (+Z') nettected-LightSensoris
pointedtowardsthe subject,and resetit Spot carton).
to the ACCESSORYpositionwhen the
3) Set the FunctionSelectorSwitch (on the PhotoSpotaccessoryis pointedtowards
backof the meter)to the ACCESSORYposition. the subject.
1 0View original page 21Page 22 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
CAUTION: Do not usethe AVERAGE position The averagingfeature can be used anytime the
of the Function SelectorSwitch photographer can stand in a location where both
when the PhotoSpotaccessoryis in a valid incident-lightand a valid reflected-light
place,as this will produceerroneous measurement can be simultaneously made.
readings. Generally, this would be somewherebetween the
cameraposition and the subject.1.5 USINGTHE "INCIDENT-REFLECTED
AVERAGE"FEATURE'' It can not be used in cases of non-uniform
lighting,where the light incident on the meter is
not the same as thatfalling on the subject. lt also
1.5.1 When (and When Not) to Use the can not be used when the critical portion of theAveragingFeature sceneis very small and it is physicallyimpossible
to get close enough to the subject to measure
The SpectraCombi ll is equippedwith a unique only the critical area. Finally, the averaging
electro-opticalsystemthat enablesyou to take a feature can not be used in coniunction with the "
singlereadingthat is the mathematicoloverageof 1" PhotoSpot accessory(sinceLhe photoSpot fits
the incident- and reflected-light reodings of the over the incident-lightsensor).
scene. Since it measuresboth incident- and
reflected-light,it takesinto accountboth of the '1.5.2 Procedure for Making AVERAGEma.iorfactorsinfluencingphotographicexposure. Measurements
The lncident-ReflectedAveraging feature is The incident-reflectedaveragingfeatureis used
particularly usefuI when the subject is either to makemeasurementsasfollows:
unusuallylight or unusuallydark, such as the
"snow scene"or "black cat" photospreviously 1) Set the FunctionSelectorSwitch (on thedescribed. backof rhe meter)to the AVERAGEposition.
t 1View original page 22Page 23 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
2) Positionyourselfsomewherebetweenthe 3) Pressthe On/Off button and make the
comeroposition ond the subiect (ut you wou ld reading,as indicatedin Section1.6.
for a reflected-lightreading), preferablyrelatively 'l cfoseto the subiect.Point the Photosphereback .6 READINGTHE EXPOSURE
towords the comerolensposition and the built-in After the meterhasbeenpositionedto makethe
Reflected-Light Sensor towords the criticol zrect light reading,as describedin eitherSection1 .3,
of the subject, being certain to include both 1.4 or 1.5, the exposurereadingis made as
importanthighlightand shadowareaswithin the follows:
42" measuringfield of the Reflected-LightSensor.
(Becarefulnot to castany shadowsor reflections 1) Pressthe On/Off button and hold it until
on the subiector on the Photosphere.) the meterpointercomesto rest;then releasethe
buttonslowly.
NOTE: lf the meterpointercomesto restin the
red portionat either end of the meter
scale,it is advisableto chongethe Ronge
Selector and repeat the light reoding. lf
the meter pointeris in the red portion
at the right sideof the scale,move the
RangeSelectorone rangecounterclock'
wise. lf the pointer is at the left sideof
the scale, move one range clockwise.
Then repeatthe light reading.
2) Read the f/stop indicated by the position
of the meter pointer.
1 2View original page 23Page 24 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
NOTE: View the meter from directly over the
pointer to eliminate possiblereading
error. The readingwill be correctwhen
the meter pointer appearsstraight and
of minimum thickness.
3) ff you would prefer to use a different
f/stop,simplyturn the outerdial of the computer
until the preferredflstop linesup with the meter
pointer.Note that this operationalsochangesthe
shutter speed! Read both the new f lstop and the
new shutter speed when you have fin ished
tu rning the outer d ial.
1 3View original page 24Page 26 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
2.O M I S C E L L A NE O U SM E A S UR E M E NT S
This section describesthc correct operatingproccdurefor making variousspecialmeasurements such
a s l l l u m i n a n c e( f o o t - c a n d l oe r d e k a l u x ) ,L i g h t i n gC o n t r a s ta n d S u b j e c tC o n t r a s tm e a s u r e m e n t s .
Other specialmeasurements,which requirevariousSpectraSystemAccessories,are outlined in Section3.
2.1 TLLUMTNANCE(FOOTCANDLEOR
D E K A L U X ) M E A S U R E M E N T S
llluminonce is the scicntific name for the measurc-
m e n t o f i n c i d e n tl i g h t .T h e u n i t s o f m e a s u r e m e n t
f o r i l l u m i n a n c ei s c o m m o n l y t h c " f o o t c a n d l e "i n
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ,a n d t h e " l u x " o r " d e k a l u x "
( l u x t i m e s 1 0 ) i n i n t e r n a t i o n aul s e .
Your Spectra meter can be used to read directly
in foot-candles or dekalux, according to the
f o l l o w i n gp r o c c d u r e :
@ 1 ) R e m o v et h c P h o t o s p h e r e ( h e m i s p h e r i c a l
w h i t e d i f f u s e r )b y g r i p p i n gt h e b l a c kk n u r l e dr i n g ,
pressinginwctrdsfirmly and turning it approxi-
mately 60" counterclockwise. (Store it in the
carrying caseor other protectedlocation.)Install
the Photodisk@(the flcttwhite diffuser)over rhe
I n c i d e n t S e n s o r , p r e s s i n g i n w a r d s f i r m l y a n d 2) Set the Function Selector Switch (on the
turning it clockwiseto secureit. b a c k o f t h e m e t e r )t o t h e I N C I D E N T p o s i t i o n .View original page 26Page 27 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
3) Preselectthe light-levelrange(Hl, MED or b) Without changing the Film Speed
LO) as follows: setting,simply rotate the outer dial until the
footcandlescalevalue indicatedbelow linesup Hl High light levels(40 to 50,000footcandles with silverreferencemark on the meterscale(see or dekalux) photo at left):
MED Mediumlevels(0.4 to 1 ,000footcandles
or dekalux) Light-Level AIign FootcandleValue to
Range Reference Mark on Meter Scale LO Very low levels(0.004to 10 footcandles
or dekalux) H I 100
M E D 1
4\ Programthe computerto readllluminance LO .01
by eitherof the followingmethods:
a) Set the Film Speeddial (asdescribedin NOTE: Once set as indicated,the outer dial
Section 1.1.1) to align the red "FC" (Foot- shouldnot be moved until the illumi-
Candle)mark with the FILM SPEEDpointer. nancemeasurementis finished.
Then rotate the outer dial of the computer
'( until the other red FC" mark appearsin the 5) Hold the meter with the Photodiskin rhe
CINE window. plane in which it is desiredto measure the
illuminance.
6) Pressthe On/Off button and hold it unril
the meter pointercomesto rest;then releasethe
R E F E R E N C E buttonslowly.
M A R K
NOTE: lf the meter pointer comesto rest in the
red portion at either end of the meter
'16View original page 27Page 29 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
2.2 LIGHTINGCONTRAST 4) Point the Photodiskat the key lightsource
and takea readingof the unshadedkey light. LightingContrastis definedas the ratio of the
illuminationproducedby the key light plusfill 5) Without disturbingthe computer,observe
lightto that producedby the fill lightalone. the positionof the meter pointeron the foot-
candlescale.This valueis the key-to-fillratio of Whilethe exactvalueof LightingContrastfor a the lightingset-up. particularsceneis a matterof artisticchoice,the
following ronge of values are commonlv NOTE: lf it is desiredto modify the lighting
suggested: ratio,changethe lightsand repeatSteps
2 through5. After the lightingratio has C o l o rF i l m s :1 . 5 : 1t o 5 : 1
beenoptimized,replacethe Photosphere
Black& WhiteFilms: 2:1 to 16 1 and determinethe exposureby the
LightingContrastis measuredasfollows: incident-lightmethod(seeSection1.1).
2.3 SUB|ECT CONTRAST(BRTGHTNESS 1) Preparethe meterfor the measurementof RATrO) illuminanceas describedin Section2.1, Steps1
through3. Subject Contrast is different from Lighting
Contrastin that it is a measurementof the light 2l Hold the meter in the subjectplane,with ratio reflectedfrom the actualsubject. the Photodisk pointed towards the camera
position.Use your hand to shadethe Photodisk Subject Contrast, sometimescalled Brightness
from the direct rays of the key light, and take a Ratio, is definedas the ratio of the brightnessof
readingof the fill light. the brightesthighlightto thar of the darkest
shadowin which detailis desired.For optimum 3) Turn the outer dial of the computerso that tone reproductionthis ratio should be on the the 1 foot-candlemark is alienedwith the meter orderof 4:1 to 32:1 for colorfilmsand32:1to pointer.
128:1for black-andwhite films.
1 BView original page 29Page 30 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
Subject Contrast (or BrightnessRatio) is best 3) Turn the outer dial of the computerso that
measuredusingthe 1" PhotoSpotaccessory,since the "1 foot-candle"mark is alienedwith the
the measuringfield is much smaller.lf the meterpointer.
PhotoSpotis not available,it will be necessaryto
movevery closeto the subject. 4) Aim the meter or the PhotoSpotat the
highlight area of the subject and take a lightThe principlesof measurementare the samewith readi ng.or without the 1" PhotoSpot.The procedureis as
follows:
5) Read the meter pointer position on the
1) lf the PhotoSpotaccessoryis available, computer.This is a directreadingof the Subject
installit and set the FunctionSelectorSwitch Contrastor BrightnessRatio.
(on the back of rhe merer)to RCCESSORy.lf
the PhotoSpotis not available,usethe Reflected- NOTE: lf it is necessaryto modify this ratio,Light Sensorand set the Function Selectorto changethe lightingand repeatSteps2REFLECTED.
through5 until the ratio is optimized.
2) Aim the meter at the shadow areaof the Then determinethe exposureby any of
subjectand take a light reading(asdescribedin the methodsdescribedin Section1 .0 or
Section1.4). 4.2.
1 9View original page 30Page 32 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
3.0 SPECTRA @ SYSTEM ACCESSORIES
A completeline of precision-madeaccessoriesareavailableto expandthe useof your Spectraexposure
meter.Theseincludethe following:
'M 1) Spectra1'PhotoSpot (SpotmeterAttachment)
2) SpectraFlexi-Probe'" (FlexibleFiberOpticsProbe)
3) SpectraPhotoreaderrMProbe
rM (Enlargingand DensitometryAttachment) 4) SpectraSpot-Reader
5) SpectraMicroscopeAdapter
Theseaccessoricsare bricfly describedon the following pages.Completeoperatinginstructionsare
packedwith the individualaccessory.
21View original page 32Page 33 · Read text
www.orphancameras.com
3.'l SPECTRA@1" PHOTOSPOT
The Spectra 1" PhotoSpot is a unique optical accessorythat convertsyour exposuremeter into a
high-sensitivity1" Spotmeterfor narrow-anglereflected-lightmeasurements.
Use of the PhotoSpotwill enableyou to make accuratereflected-lightreadingsof distant sublects-
particularlyusefulwith telephotolensesand for inaccessiblesubjectslike storewindows,theatrestages,
animalsand wildlife. lt is also valuablefor photographingsmall subiectsin close-upphotography,for
making accurateSubfectContrastor BrightnessRatio measurements,and for making "zone system"
measurements.
The PhotoSpot featuresa bright, wide-field,life-
size viewing system with a focusingeyepiece.A
sharp reticle in the eyepieceaccuratelydefines
the 1' measuringfield. Parallaxcorrectionis pro-
vided for h ighest accuracy for all d istancesfrom
1 8 i n c h e s ( 0 . 5 m e t e r ) t o i n f i n i t y . A u n i q u e
electro-opticalsystem makes the exposuremeter
direct-readingwhen the PhotoSpotis in place.
r
lrno
soectroI
l o I
l- photospot
22View original page 33From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
Check the model and edition against your equipment.
PDF verified 2026-10-10.