Universal Junior Cameras User manual

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Hornz To   ifake
    Pieture.s
      with





Universal  Junior
    Cameras

             Manufacturcd For
BUTTER BROTIIERS
               By
        q   Burke        JameSros          gFtrcAco

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Instructionsfor 0peratingRexoJr. Cameras
  Do  not  attempt   to  loacl  or  take  any  pictures   with   the
Rexo  Junior    untit  you  have  become  thoroughly    familiar
with  every  part   of  the  instruinent.    Take  especial  care  to
learn  the  construction   of  the  shutter;  work    it  for  time,  bulb
and  instantaneous   exposures.  Read  carefully   the  following
instructions.   The  most  important   thing   to  be remembered
in  picture  taking   is  that  no  white   light   (including  gas,  elec'
tric  or lamp  light)  should be allowed  to  strike  the  film,  even
for  a fractional   part  of a second, until    it  has been developed
and fixed.    It  is therefore  best  that  the loading  and unloading
be done  in  a subdued  light,   for  after  the  seal on the  film  is
broken  there   is a  possibility   of  the  edges becoming  fogged
if  care  is not  taken  to  keep  the  black  paper drawn   tightly.
    Before  loading  the  camera  try  the  shutter   to  see that    it
is working   properly.   Remove   all  the  dust  from  the  lens  with
a  soft  cloth.
   Films Adapted to the Rexo Junior Cameras
  The  Rexo  Juniors  accommodate   all  standard  makes  of
roll  flms   of  eorresponding   sizes as shown  in  the   table:
                            -trxpo-
  Camera,           Size  sures Rexo    Eastman         Price
No. 1  Rexo  Jr. ZV+xBt/+   6   475 120 (No. 2  Brownie)  $ 0 . 2 0
No. 14 Rexo  Jr. Ztkx4Va    6   425  116 (No. 1A  X'. P. K.)        . 2 5
No. 1.A.Rexo  Jr. Zt/zx4L/+  12   426  116 (No. 1.A' X'. P. K.)    .50
No. 2C Rexo  Jr. 27/sx47/a  6   436 130 (No. 2C  F. P. K.)        . 3 5
No. 2C Rexo  Jr. 27/sx47/e  10   438  130 (No. 2C   ll, P. K.)    .60
No. 3  Rexo  Jr. TY+x4Ye   6   .{30 113 (No.3      tr'. P. r(.)        . 3 5
No. 3  Rexo  Jr. !r/+x4Va   t2   431 118 (No. 3   F. P. K.)    .?0
No. 3A Rexo  Jr. 7t/+x|Vz    6   445  122 (No. 3A  X'. P. K.)    .40
No. 3A Rexo  Jr.  Tt/+x|t/z   10   446  122 (No. 3A   tr'. P. K.)    .70
               To toad
   To prepare  for  loading,  back  of the camera must be removed.
This  is best  accomplished  by  holding  the  instrument    in  both
hands as illustrated   in figure  1.  Push  the knob  located under
the  strap  handle,  to  the  right,    i.  e., in  the  opposite  direction
from  the  winding  key"   This   will  release  the  cover  catch  so
that  the  cover can be  easily  removed.  An  empty  spool  will
be found. in  position  in  the  winding  key  chamber.
   Next,  break  the seal on '|,he film  cartriclge  ancl plaee the spool
in  the  empty  chamber  as shown  in  figure  2;  this  is accom-
plished  by  raising  the  lever which  in  turn  d.raws back  the  spool
centers, so that  the spool  will  drop  into  position.   Next,  touch
 the lever which  will  throw  the spool centers forward,  engaging
them  in  the encls of  the  film  spool.-     See that  the black  paper
leads  off lhe  lop  of  the  spool.  The  film  is now  in  positibn  to
eontin-ue, lo,ading;  the  retaining   spring  preventing  any  loosen-
ing_of  the black- paper.  Next,?raw   tie-black   pap-er across the
back  of  the eamera  ancl about two  incihes beyond  the  encl of
the samera.  Then  threacl the  encl of  the black  paper  into  ths
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wide  slot  in  the e_-p!y  spool, as shown  in  figure  3.  Now  turn
 the rvincling_k.y  slorvly  untit  the paper  is sec"ured.,two  or three
 turns  should be sufficient.
     After  the  fihn  is secured replace the back cover by hooking
 it  into  the  end  of  the eamera  opposite  the  strap  handle,  ,uE
 figure  4, using  eare  that  the  hookecl encl of  th;  back  cover
 engages in  the ll-shaped  groove on the  lorver end of the ealn-
 era, however,  note  that  the back  eover  r,vill not  fully  engage
 until  the  lock  nnder  the  handle   is  pushecl to  the  rigfrt]  7t
 the same time  pressing on the back cover  until    it  .ngug.s   in
 the  lock.





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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    .  .  :   '  :  :  |  i  .  :  :  :   '  |  :  :  :  .
                              FigrrreI
   With  the baek in plaee tunr  tire winding k.y  slowly until
the figure 1 appeal's opposite the ruby  rvindor,r,'ivhich signifies
that the fllm is in proper position for the first exposure. To
open the front  of the camera press the hidden button located
on the top of the cam('ra (see figure 5 ) pull dorvn bed until
tltt'side braees spring into position so that bed of camera is
held rigirlly.
    \\ihen fitted with  a Rapid Rectilinear Lens, the automatic
f ocusing lock should be set at  the desired distance before
drawing out the standard.  To set the   f ocusing lock, grasp
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the knob r,vith the thumb and forefinger and pull out to release
the spring, the lcck can then be set for any distance by sliding
the spring until   it, engages in the slot opposite to the desrred
distance as engraved on the fccusing scale,





                                            f'tgure  2
   Next, draw out the lens standard  until   it engages in  t'he
focusing lock.  When  fitted  with  a Single Achromatic Menis-
cus Lens (except No. 3A  Rexo Junior), the camera is now
 reacly for p_hotographlng _all Sjects  at a distanee of e_rghtfegt
or more. Note that the 3A Rexo  Junior  (single achromatic
lens) is equipped with a focusing scale locking at  6, 8, 10, 15t





                               Figure 3
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20 and 100;  for  all distances greater than 20 feet, set the
    pointer on 100-foot mark.
     When  it  is desired t,o change the  f ocus, af ter the eamera
   has been set, reset the  f ocusing lock  f or the desired distance
   and mor'e the standard backu'ard or forward  until  the notch
    again engages in the spring on the focusing lock, as described
    above.
        fn order to insure sharp pictures, the distance of the object
    from  the camera shoulcl be carefully  estimated.   If   thi;   is
    found difficult  it  will be rvell to step off the distance. With
        pointer set at the proper distance the picture will then be    lhu
     in focus.





                                      l-igure 4.

       For  those desiring an instrument   for  automatieally  meas-
    uring  the distance from  the camera  to the object photographed
    \\ze recommend an Ideal  Telemeter,  price 50 cents  at, all photo-
    supply  dealers.
      To close the eamera release the focusing  lock,  at  the samc
    time  pushing  the standard  back  into  the body  of  the camera,.
   Be sure that  the standard  is pushed back as far  as  it  will  go
     in  order  to  eliminate  any  possibility   of  injuring   the  shutter
   when the bed plate  is closed.  To close bed plate press down-
   ward  on  the  bed  braces and  close  the  bed  until   the  catch
   engageS.
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The Shutter
  The No.   I A, 3 and 3A Rexo Juniors are fitted. with  a,D
 Jtrnior Autonratic Shutter  (flex  I'[cdel) workirag for  time,
 bulb,  I /25, 1750 and 7 /I00  of a seconcl. The No. 1 Junior
 Shutter u'orks for  time, bulb,  I /25,  I /50  of a second.  All
 shutters are operaterl by either the flexible wire releases or
 the finger ler-er.
   The pointer on the graduated scale at the bottom  of the
shutter indicates the aperture at which the lens is working,
the graduated scale at  the top  of the  shutter  indicates the
different methods of making exposures. When the pointer  is              ((T"set opposite     time exposures of any duration are obtained
by pressing the lever or release to open the shutter and press-
itg   it again to close it.  When the pointer is placed opposite





                                Figure 5.
(68"     bulb  exposures  are obtained  by  a single pressure  of  the
lever,  the  lens  remainitg   open so long  as  the  lever  is  held
down  and  closing  in stantly  upon  the  release  of  the  lever.
Bulb  exposllres are especially  valuable  for making  short  time
exposures.   \\lhen  the  pointer   is placed opposite  L / L00, L / 50
or    I / 25, an  instantaneous  exposure  of  this  duration   is  ob-
tained  by  giving  the  lever  or^ release a  single  pressure, the
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shqtter ope_ning and closing in the fractional part of a second,
as indicated.
This shutter works arrtomatically and is always set,-Beforlready
for making either time, bulb or instaritaneous exposures.
attempting to take pictures one should become thoroughly
familiar with the working of the shutter, noting its action
under the various conditions described above.
rhe stop.o"airpffittl ?#*l3tffwhich regulatesthe
amount of light that is allowed ,to pass through the-lens. The
rliaphragm^ is t9 be red.ucecl or entargecl iccording to the 4
strength of light. .the -Wh.g _making exposures uncler-ordinary )
conditions_the pointer shoulcl be,set on,,-1r, (U.S. 8 or f, 1li.
If-.thelight_ is ve y strong set pointer on stop 2 (U. S. 6,r I _
F 16). The 3, 4 and 5 stops are to be used foi making timo .l
exposures o;rly, where unusu-al clepth is required j
If the camera is fitted with a single lens set the pointer
on stop 1 for all ordinary exposures. See the follolving pages
for instructions on the proper stops and exposures Ioi f,he 4
various conditions of light.
fnstantaneous or Snap Shot Exposures
fn making instantaneous or snap shot exposures never
' use a.di_aphiagm stop smaller than 16. Usually 8 is preferable,
especially_ fo_r short range pictures. Snap shots are usually
made lr.hile holding the camera in the hand, the light should
therefore be bright sunshine. On bright days snap shots can
be made at any time during the day-from ihree Lours after
sunrise to three hours before sunset. Earlier or later than
this short time exposures should be given. It is a good rule
never to photograp.h directly toward the sun, the besd position
being to_ have the light shining from behind the operator or
over either shoulder and directly on the object to-be photo-
graphed. If the direct rayg__oj the sun strike the lens during
the exposure p_icture will be blurred. Do not try to phol -the
tograph moving objects at a shorter distance than 2b leet
distant from the camera. ft is advisable to endeavor to catch d
them at arr angle either coming toward. or going from the
camera, as good results will not be obtained if taken when
the object is directly opposite. fn photographing tall build-
ings at close range it is necessary to seeure a posiltion as near ?
as possible opposite the center of the building, for if the itJ
camera is tilted upwards, the lines in the picture will be found t
to converge because of the fact that the top of the building l"
is of a mueh greater distanee from the camera than the bot- tI
tom. This same rule applies when photographing small otrjects
such as in a dog; this case the camera should be lowered
to the of the object to be taken, thus avoiding .eenter any i
distortion. When ready to make the exposure observe the fol-
lowing rules
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First,  see that  the  pointer  on  the  shutter   is  set opposite
the  correct  opening  and  shutter  speed.
   Second, see that  the  focusing  pointer   is  set  opposite  the
proper distance  of the  object from  the camera.
    Third,  be sure  that  an unexposed  portion   of  the  film   is
turned  into  position.
   When  ready  for  making  the  exposure  hold  the eamera  in
both hands and as near  level  as possible  so that  the  picture
will  be  in  true  perspective.   Locate  the  object  in  the  finder
by looking  squarely  into   it, making  sure that   all  of the obje_ct
which you  desire to photograph   falls  within  the  limits   of  the
flnder.  When   all  is  in  readiness  release  the  shutter,  taking
care not  to  jerk  or move the camera  during  the  exposure.  A
pressure  of  the  lever  will  open  the  shutter   for  a  fractional
part  of a second, thereby  permitting   the  light  to pass through
the lens and. forming  an image on the  sensitive  surface  of the
film.   After  making  the exposure  turn  the winding  key  to  the
left,  watching   the  ruby  window   in  the  back  of  the  camera
until   the  next  number  appears.   This   is  a  very  important
point  and one should  early  acquire  the  habit  of  turning   the
winding  key  after  each exposure, thus  avoiding  the  possibility
of making  trvo exposures on the same surface  of  the  film.
              Time Exposures
   When  making   time  exposures    it   is  absolutely  necessary
that  the camera be placed. upon a tripod,  table  or firm  support
where  there  will  be no danger  of  its  being moved. during  the
exposure.   Center  the  object  properly   in  the  finder,  set  the
shutter  on  "T"    if  a long  exposure  is  to  be made I where  an
exposure  of a few seconds is to be made  it  will  be found more
convenient  to  set  the  pointer  on  "B."  When  the  pointer   is
set on  "T"  give  a  single  pressure  of  the  lever  to  open and
$'hen  sufficient  time  has  elapsed  an  additional   pressure  to
close, using  care not  to  jar  the  shutter   in  either  opening  or
closing.
    fn  making   time  exposures    it   is  necessary  to  use some
judgment   in  regard  to  the  length  of  time  the  lens  should
remain oDen.  This  is governed by  the amount  of  light  which
falls upon  thc  object  to be photographed  at  the  time  of  the
exposure.
               .  Time Exposures Out-of-doors
    In making time exposures out of doors the pointer should
be set on "B" and the shutter worked as quickly as possible.
  WITH SUNSIIINE  use stop 3, U. S. 32 or  !' 22, opening
ancl closing the shutter as quickly as possible.
  WITH  LIGHT  CI-/OUDSuse stop 3, U. S. 32 or E 22, giv-
ing from one-half to one seconclexposure.
  WITII HEAYY CLOUD'S use stop 3, U. S. 32 or E 22, and
give from two to five seeoncls.
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The foregoing calculations are for open air exposures.
When photographing objects in shadows or on porches, no
accurate directions can be given as too much depends upon
the density of the shad.ows. Proper exposure can only be
learned through experience or by using a scientific exposure
meter such as the Watkins Bee.
CAUTION. Never attempt to make a time exposure while
holding the camera in the hand, as a blurred picture is sure to
result.
TIME EXPOSURES INDOORS
fn__using the following table the pointer shoultl be set upon 't
I (q. S.8 or F 11).. In ease the 2 (U. S. or F 16) stop is usecl, twice ,as much time must be given. With> 3 (U. S: g2 ,
or F 22) stop, four times as much; and with the.4 (U. S. 4
or,F 8 lE 7.71) stop, one-half the time shown in the table.
WHITE VTALLSAND ONE WINDOW
Bright sun outside, three seconds.
Eazy sun, eight seconds.
Cloudy-bright, flfteen seconds.
Cloudy-dull, thirty seconds.
WHITE WALLS AND MORE THAN ONE WINDOW
Bright sun outside, two seconds.
Hazy sun, five seconds.
Cloudy-bright, ten seconds.
Cloudy-duil, twenty seconds.
MEDIUM COLORED WALLS AND ONE WINDOW
Bright sun outside, six seconds.
Hazy sun, fifteen seconds.
Cloudy-bright, thirty seconds.
Cloudy-dull, sixty seconds.
IUEDIUM COLORED WALLS AND MORE THAN ONE
wrNDow a
Bright sun outside, four seconds. I
Hazy sun, ten seconds.
Cloudy-bright, twenty seconds. I
Cloudy-dqll,_ I9.!I sgcogLds. I DARK COLORED WALLS AND ONE VTINDOW
Bright sun outside, twenty seconds.
Hazy sun, forty seconds. "eighty Ctoriay-Uright, seconds. t$
_ - 9!g"dy:dull, two minutes, forty seconds. !
DARK COLORED WALLS AND MORE THAN ONE WINDOW 1
Bright sun outside, ten seconds. r'
^43ty_sun,-twen-ty.seconds._ I Cloudy-bright, forty second.s.
Cloudy-dull, one minute, t.went5r.ssssnflg;
_ The foregoing figures are for rooms whose wind.ows get
light direct_ from the sky and for any time during the d-ay-
from three hours after sunrise to three hours before sunset.
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NOTE-It is advisable when circumstances permit to use
stop 2, doubling the time of exposure given in the above tables.
Home Portraits
In order to make portraits (large busts and heads) it is
necessary to use a portrait attachment. For this purpose we
strongly recommend the Ideal Portrait Lens, which will enable
you to make portraits of the same softness that marks pro-
fessional work. The Ideal Portrait Lens is mounted in a neat
brass cell with adjustable springs ancl fits over the hood of
the lens like a cap. Special directions for its use accompanies
each lens. Bemoving the Film
No dark room is required for removing the film from the
camera. Ilowever, it is best to perform this operation in
subdued light, observing the following rules:
First: When the last section of the film has been exposed
turn the winding key until all of the paper has been wound
on the spool in the key-winding chamber. This can be told
by the ease with which the spool turns.
Second; Remove the back of the camera as directed on
, the preceding pages.
\ Third: Draw the loose end of the black paper tightty
around, the spool and fasten it with the gummed sticker which
wiII be found in the empty reel.
Fourth: To remove the cartridge from the camera, turn
the camera face up and pull out the winding key to its full
extent, then, with the forefinger of the other hand, pull back
the retaining spring, located in the center of the fllm chamber,
as far as it will go, which will allow the film cartridge to drop
into the hand.
Dark Room Development
Films may be taken to the nearest Photo Supply Dealer
for development. Dealers handling our products can be readily
recognized by the appearance of our trade-mark on their store
lvindows. Ilowever, in order to secure the greatest pleasure
and profit from your camera we advise that the amateur ' develop his own films, for the process is both interesting and
simple. The easiest and least expensive way to develop roll
films is by using trays in a darkened room which is lighted
only with the ruby lamp, care being taken that all white light
is excluded. The follolving articles are reiommended for this
purpose:
An Ingento Ruby Lamp No. 6.
3 Insulate Trays 4x5, or 4x6 (postcard).
L 8-oz. tumblei graduate.
1 fngento Tablet Crusher, or glass stirring rod.
1 Amateur Printing Frame and plain glass.
1 package of Ingento M. Q. Tablets or Tubes.
1 box of Ingento Acid HYPo.
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select a room  or closet where  all  white   li[ht  can be easily
    excluded.  when  development   is done  at  nigit    trris  oners-n"c,
     difficulty.  whatever.   The  reason  that  a  d-arkened room   is
    req,uired is  that  the  film  is extremely  sensitive  to  white   lighi
                     spoiled   if  exposed  either  to  dayiight         f*ilp    X1*,*"o"ld,,be    hght   for  the  fractional   part  of  a second.  Having  provided"i
    the articles mentioned- above, secure a pair  of scissorS, i  pitcher
    of water  and. a  pail  for  waste.
       Set           ,             ,the ,ry.Uf .lamp -on a table  or  shelf and  light    it.  The
   subdued red  light  which   it  emits  wiil  not  injure  t--he sensitive
    film  unless held  too  close to   it.    rt  is there?ore  advisable  to
   ntagg  !|e  {amq  a.t  least  18  inches  away  f"om   tte-iray     in   which  the developing  is to be done;   fill one of the  travs  with           /
   w&ter, open the box  of  tablets  and take two  tablets  fiom  the
    large  bottle  and two  tablets  from  one of the  small  vials;    fill
   the graduate  to  the six-ounce mark  and drop  all  four  tablets
    into  the water,  immediately   crushing  them  with  a stirring   rod.





                 Developing the Film in a Strip-figure  6
    until  reduced  to  a  fine powder;  then   stir  the  solution   until
   the  tablets  are  thorouglily-seconddissolved.   pour  the  contents   of
   the- gradua,te                   _into the  'measuring\roy;   next  prepare  the  fixing   bath._by  di.q..q_olvingone            cup  (which   will  be found
  on  the  rnside  of  the  box)   level   full  of  the   fixins  com_
   pound.             in  eight                   ounces                                   of                                   water.                                                            stir                                                              until                                                          the   iLtntioo                                                                                                                                                t'*l    is  coryplete;                 then                               the                                   contents                                                     of                                                   the  graduate                                                                            into                      _p_our   the         .third   .tray.                         (Note-It      is  not  necessary"to'unaffectedmix  the             I   solutions    in   the  d_arkroom,  as  they   are              by
    ligfrt).     It  is advisable  to reserve one tiay   for  the  fixing  batL
   only.
     To develop  the  fflm  break  the  seal with  which  the  black
   paper  is  held  and  unroll   until   the  point  where  the  film   is
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attachecl to the black paper, then detach the entire strip _of
film from the black paper and allow the fllm to roll up loosely.
HoId one end of th-e ioll with the thumb and finger of the
left hand. and take hold of the free end with the right. Pass
the film through the tray of clean cold water, holding one end'
in each hand as shown in the cut. Pass it in this mannet'
through the water several times so that there will be no
bubbles remaining on the swface of the film. When it is
thoroughly wet the development may be commenced'. Hold-
ing the fiim in the same manner, pass the film througl th.g
developi.ng solution as described for wetting- it, keeping -it
constantly in motion. In about one mimrte dark- spots will
begin to appear. These are termed high lights, ?-1q very soon
aftlr theif appearance an image of the object will be discern'
ible. Complete development in the strip by passing-the film
through the d.eveloping solution until all the detail hag been
brought out in the thinest negatives.
It will be noted that the negatives are of different d'ensity.
This, however, is not an objection as this can be overcome in
printing. The difference in density does not affect the differ'
6nce in contrast. Keep the strip which is being developed in
constant motion, allowing the developer to act from five to
eight minutes, depending- upon the rapidity- with which the
negative gathers density. The progress oj development may
be*watched by holding the strip up to the lamp from time
to time. It ii advisable, however, to make the examination
as short as possible
Note: To avoid transparent spots after having passecl the
film through the developef the first time face down, reverse it
and pass^clrawingit through face up, holding the film down in the- tray
and it lightly thrbugh the developer under the hand.
This will break atl tne air bubbles. Transparent spots are
caused by air bubbles adhering to the film during developmer-rt.
Aftef the development has been completed, pass the film
a few times througli the clear water, then transferring it to
the tray containing the fixing bath. When all of the creamy
surface-has disappeared from the unsensitized surface of the
film flxation is pr^actically complete. It is, however, advisable
to continue to- pass the film through the _solution two or
three minutes aiter the disappearance of the c,rgqmy color_.
After the films are thoroughiy fixed they should be washed
in cold running water from foriy to sixty minutes' If run-
*ut"t is n"ot convenient, ten changes of lresh Y"!,"" should
"i"gtu i.."a, keeping the films constantly-in motion all the while.
ihu thotongi-all #ashing of the fi1ms is very important.in order
to remove tra""s-of the Hypo or else stains will appear
after- drying and the negatives yil-l be ruined'
Aftei wEshing, the fiiirs should be hung 9.P to.dry. in such
a manner that ifdoes not touch the surround.ing objects. The
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place sele-eted for drying should be free from dust. rf a mild
current of air is present the process of dryinge will be cgreaily quickened.
The tempe-r_ature of the developing solution should be as
near as possible to 65 degrees-Fahrenheit. The fixing bath
and water used for. wgsfring should be kept cora, ice'being
employed in extremely hot weather.
The use of fhe rngento Developing Roller will greafly facil-
t_lit-: th:,developing process. This d'evice consistE oi u't,"urry
glass roller which revolves on two brass pins mounted iir
heavy nickel-plated b1a9s frame. It's own weight is sufficient"*gu. to resist the pull of the film when it is beine drawn
through the_ solution. when this roller is used onlv f,aH the {
solution. ordinarily required need be made up, as itre rotter
over which the film is drawn is within z/rc oi a"n inch from
the bottom of the tray, thus keeping the film entirely sub-

e Cutting thc Film for Separate Development-figure 7
merged in less than one-half inch of solution. rt is for use
in tray_s 4xE or larger and will accommodate anyllm +%"a% -
or smaller and can be obtained from all photo supply dealers.
Separate Development of Each Exposure
The above directions apply to the development of the film
in the gt-rip. rt is sometimes-advisable to develop each-section
separately, especially where there has been a gieat variation
in exposures given. rn this case the folloi'ing directione lheepply:
In unrolling th-e film preparatory to developing in this
El&nner, care must be taken that the end should not re allowed
to roll -up _o_verthe paper. The exposures should be cut apart
wit-h the black paplr on top so ihat the divisions between
eech ulm ean be readily recognized by the numbers which
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Page 15 · Read text

appear on the edge of thl blac] paper. Do not let the finge-rs
t6rich the face ol the film. The face is the dull side. The
proper manner of holcling the film is iliustratect by figure 9.
After the film has been cut into sections as indicated above,
place the sections in the tray containing the clear water, to
iu*ove air bubbles, covering the tray with a piece of brown
paper or cardboard to exclude the light of the Pqp. Take
irn6 of the sections from the water and. immerse it face down
in the tray containing the developer; rock the tray gently to
prevent s[reaks and air bubb]es. In about one minute the
hlm will begin to darken, representing lhe high.-lights. of the
picture, and in about two minutes the imag-e will be discern-
intu. The common way of determining when the film has
been fully developed is to look on the back to ascertain whether
the objecls in the picture have begun to show through. When
developing-thefilms singly, from five to six minutes is usuallY
requir6d, time vaiying according to the temperature of
the solution.
When development-clear is eomplete transfer the film to the
tray containing water and rinse it two or three trmes,
after which if should be placed in the tray containing the
fixing. bath. At this juncture the second section of the film
shoul-d be put through the same process, care having been
taken that none of the Hypo has adhered to the fingers, thus
allowing it to come in contact with the undeveloped section
of the film or with the develoPer.
Three or more negatives may be developed at ole time
by placing the films in the developer face down and alter-
niting each section so as to prevent air bubbles I however' we
recomlmend that the beginner develop only one section at a
time until the necessary experience has been gainecl. - As each
successive section is developed and fixed it should be placed
in the washing water. After the fllms have been thoroughly
washed they slould be pinned up separately to dry, care being
taken that: their surface is not allowed to come in contact
with the surrounding objects.
JMe recommencl fngento or Bexo M. Q. Tqbeg or- trngento
M. Q. Tablets as the most highly satisfactory tleveloper. for
flms] Complete directions for making up these solutions
are printetl bn each tube. For those wlro-desire to prepare
their own developer we recolnmend the following formula:
water TIll: T:::i ::::l:Ti' .. . 64 02.
Metol or Fredol. 45 gr.
socriumsurphiclei;;h;A;;;;i ::.:..... .ra/z62.
Sodium Carbonate (anhyclrous) .. .. . . . 1 oz.
I l y c l r o c h i n o n . . . . . . . i . . . . 9 0 g r .
B i o m i c l e o Pf o t a s s i u m . . . . . . . - - - I 2 g r .
_ 1 3 _

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lllaking Prints
ifhere in general use, three classes of paper used. for -are
making pictures; namely, blue_print. or ferro-piussiate paper,
printin_g-out paper such as_Soli,or_JDisco, ete.r'ana aeveiop'ing
or gaslight paper,^ suclr a9 Rexo, Velox,' Argo, etc. The first
two classes are for_ daylight printing. onlf, while the last
class may be printed eiftrei in hayligli't o" "by artificial light ;
s,,"gurio"f i openthep"i"tt*ti#;ilo"g;3."1,r""?nfl acedown I upon the glass, then place^ u_pon this a she-et of brue print
plpjr:- Replace the back of the printing frame and. secure it
yr_!\ tne springs. rt rvil be noted that The back of the print-
rng-frame is hinged so that a pVrt of the print may be uncov-
ered for during piinting, without dislurbing its . inppe_ction
register_with the negative. fhe loading of the paper into the
frame should be done in a subdued rigrt, that is,^in an ordi-
nary room, but as far as possible fiom the -wlndow. The
unused- pa_pel should be returned to its package for protection
from the light.
Ioaded printing fl"p" qhould be_placed glass side up . ,Th"
strongest possible light, direct suntigtrt being preferred. iT lhu
rt is allowed to remain'until the image frdm the n""gltive has
been irnpressed on the sensitive paper. " This can -sufficiently
gnff be determined utr occasional examinatioi of the paper.. Fy
Print until the shad_ows become a gray bronze color, or until
high lights are slightly tinged witb blue. when ihi, *rrg"-the
has been reached remove- the print from the printing fram-e,
wash thoroughly in running water for 15 minutes or" in sev-
eral chalges of cold water, allowing the print to remain in
eaeh bath a few minutes. After having thorouehlv washed
the print as at,ove 1n{icat_ed, it should bj hung i6" drying.The rngento _Blue Pr!1t Paper is especially iecommende"d"fr a"s it is especially for photographic purposes. _prepared
.. When using a printing-out papei such as D"isco, Solio,'prinietc.,
the frame should be loaded as directed above for blue
paper. The printing should be allowed to continue untii the
tone of the print is somewhat darker than is desirable in the
fnished picture. rngento andrixing solution is highly Jgning
recommended for toning this class of paper. Mix the toiin!;
solution as directed on the pa_ckage and-pour it into a trayl
The prints should be immersed in-this soiution face d.own so
as to insure the even action of the solution over the whole -irsurface of p-rint. After a moment or so, the print may I _the
be reversed so that the toning can be watched. Repeat this
process fro,m time to time during toning. The prints will
begin to change color immediately upon immersion in the
toning At, first they are of a reddish brown, changing -path.
gradually to reddish yellow, then to brown and then to puiple-.
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Toning should be stopped when the desired shade has been
obtained. At this point the prints should be transferred to
a salt solution made by dissolving one tablespoonful of com-
mon table salt in 16 ounccs of water. The prints should be
allowed to remain in this solution about 5' minutes, after
which they should be washed for one hour in running water
or in twelve changes of water. They are then ready for drying,
books and for this purpose we recommend. Ingenfo Blottel
Several prints can be toned simultaneously.
Developing on Gaslight Papers
Developing Papers, such as Rexo, Velox, Argo, ete., are
very popular with amateurs because of the simplicity in their
operation, the excellent results obtained and the added advan-
thge of being able to print them by artificial light. These
papers can be handled with safety eight or ten feet away
from an ordinary gaslight. They should not, however, be
allowetl to remain uncovered in the direct rays of the light
To
W
EL

even at this distanee for any considerable time. The paper
is loaded into an ordinary printing frame in the same rlan-
ner as above described for printing-out papers, taking care'
that the emulsion side of the paper is against the dul side
r of the fllm. The emulsion side of the paper can be deter- 'mined by tendency of the paper to curl in that direction,
or by biting a corner of the paper, the emulsion side tending
to stick to the teeth. With the back of the frame clamped in
r position, it is exposed by holding it near a gas jet, lamp or' incandescent light. The length of the exposure depends upon
the distanee aL which the frame is held. from the light, and
the density of the negative. Exposure can also be made in
subdued daylight; however, artificial light is preferred, as it
does not vary in intensity as is the case with daylight and
it is therefore much easier to judge the length of the exposure
required.
With thi: class of paper no rmage is seen on the surface.
until the print has been placed in the developer.
The larger the negative, the greater the distance it should
be held from the light, the usual rule being that the proper
l* distance is equal to the diagonal of the negative. The time of
F exposure varies with the distance the printing frame is held
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Page 18 · Read text

from the light. If, however, daylight is used, it witl be
found advantageous to cover all the windows with postoffice
paper,,with the exception of an opening about one foot square.
Over this opening two or three sheets of tissue paper should
be pasted to diffuse the light, then use a piece of black cloth
ol any other opaque medium to cover this opening when the
white light is not desired for printing purposes. In this case
the frame should be held from one to two feet awav from
t_he opening during exposure. It is impossible to give exact
directions as to the length of exposure on account ofthe great
difference in the intensity of daylight at various times, the
best method being to make test exposures with small strips
of the paper used.
Place three trays on the work table as indicated in the
accompanying diagram_. Use enough solution to thoroughly
subme_rge_lhe prints, the temperature of the developing Jolu-
tion should be about ?0 degrees Fahrenheit, keeping the fix-
I solution as_ near as possible to the tempefature of b0 ittg
degre_es. In making up these solutions always follow closely
the directions accompanying the developer used. We recod-
pe."d the fngellg 4. _Q. Diveloping Td,blets or Rexo M. e.
Tubes for use with aJl cleveloping papers. Having prepared thL
developer and fixing bath, the prints should be immersed in
the dev-eloper, using care that the solution.flows evenly over
the surface, leaving no air bubbles. The image should appear
in _from gight to ten seconds. It will rapidly gather aetait
and density. When the desired. tone has be-en-obtained, it
gfou]<t be quickly removed from the developer and placed in
the tray containing water, after which it is transferrid to the
fixing bath. 3'or best results, we recommend the use of
Rexo Acid Hypo. Directions for making the bath accom-
p11y gach pagkage. The prints shoultl be kept in motion
while in the fixing bath. X'rom eight to ten minutes is re-
quired for_ thor_ough- fixation, after which they should be re-
moved and washed for an hour in running water or in twelve
ehanges of clear water. Prints can be Eest driecl in blotter
books and for this purpose we recommend our blotter
Books. More explicit directions for printing will be found in
each package of paper.
For those who desire to prepare their own developer, we
recommend the following formuli: 'Water,
soft or clistillecl. .....20 oz.
Metol or Tleclol. 1b gr.
B. & J. Soclium Sulphite (Anhyclrous) . .. . . Tz ot;r,lce
$ I c l r o c h - i n o n . . . . : . . . . . . 6 0 g r a i n s
B. & J. Sotlium Carbonate (Anhyclrous) ... ...s/a"ottnee
P o t a s s i u mB r o m j J e . . . . : . . . . . : . . . . . , 1 t g r a i n s
Dissolve the e,Lemicals in the orcler namecl. The tem.
perature of tho solution should be about 68 degrees Fahr.
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Page 19 · Read text

Load Your auameraWith
               [UiU
Non-Curl,ing-0rthoekromatio-Now'Hal'ation
  The extra speeilyou get in Rexo Film
reducqq.to a minimum  your underexpo-
sures, and therefore greatly increasesyour
percentage of good Pictures.
    rHE RECORDINGYEATANE
  Ample spaceis provided for writing on
each negative fultr data relating to every
picture.- This is done after the neSativ-e
is developed. Ordinary black ink is used'
This record can be included in the pic-
tu-re,gromited as one Prefers.
      TRY"THIS RAPID FILM
  Made in sizesto fit everypopular @mera
on the market. With Rexo Film you will
 get negatiVesof snapand brilliance which
 *itt  p*do""  clear, beautiful pictdres.

                    Manufacttrred  BY
        BuikecJaneglls'ffi','fu'
         240-268E. Ontario St.,' CHICAGO
 Eastern Branch  ZZSFittU Ave. NEW YORK' N. Y'
                  Makers of
    n4x}Cameras, Paper, Film and Photo-Supplies

View original page 19

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