Weston Euro Master II User manual

High and
   Low Light
   Scales
     The  illustrations on  this  page
     show the method of operating the
      baffteover the photoetectncce[(.
    Whenthebaffleis closed,thehigh
        light scale (10-16) moves  into
       pos\t\on.The bafi\eshou\dbe kept
       closed when the light re.,ads10 or
        h i g h e r . l f t h e  l i g h t r e a d i n g i s  l e s s
       than  10, the  baffle should  be
       o p e n e d b r i n g i n gt h e l o w l i g h t s c a l e
       (0-10) into use.





j

POINTER LOCK


Depressingthe lock button enablesa readingto be taken; releasingit holds
the pointerin place.When the meter is not to be used for a long period leave
the pointerunlockedby depressingthe buttonand givingit a quarterturn.





Pointer free, lock         Buttonturnedto locked    Pointerlocked,depress
ineffective                position                   to take reading



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THE INVERCONE


W h e n  u s i n g  t h e m e t e r  t o   t a k e   i n c i d e n t  l i g h t
 r e a d i n g s t h e  I n v e r c o n e i s  f i t t e d  i n  t h e m a n n e r
s h o w n h e r e .  l n s e r t  t h e   l e a f s p r i n g  f i r s t w h e n
fitting the Invercone and make sure that the
attachment is securely latched into the meter.
R e m o v e t h e s p r i n g  l a s t w h e n  t a k i n g t h e   l n v e r -
c o n e f r o m t h e m e t e r .


H I G H L I G H T S C A L E
Simply slip the Inverconeinto place over the
closedbaffleas shown.


L O W  L I G H T S C A L E
lf the meter reading with the baffle closed and
t h e  l n v e r c o n e i n p o s i t i o n i s  l e s s t h a n 1 0 o n  t h e
l i g h t s c a l e ,  r e m o v e  t h e   I n v e r c o n e , o p e n   t h e
baffle as shown and replace the Invercone.

SETTING THE CALCULATOR

set the film speeddial by depressingthe lock button on the front of the meter
and turningthe light scale until the speed(ASA or DIN) of your film appears
oppositethigrefer-encemark in the appropriatewindow. For film speedswhich
do'notappearon the dial,see page18. See also'EquipmentErrors'onpage19'
lf you are using the incident light methodfit the Inverconeas describedon
page 5.
Aim the meteras describedfor reflectedlight or for incidentlight readingsand
operatethe pointerlock as shown on page 4 to retainthe correctlight reading.
Transferthe light readingto the calculator. To do this, turn the outer dial by
meansof the lugs until the normalarrow is oppositethe same readingon the
lightscale.                  tt
When transferredto the c'amera,any combinationof shutter times and f/stops
oppositeeach other on the calculatordial will give the same correctexposure.
The combinationselectedwill depend upon whetheryou want a fast shutter
time with a largeaperture(low f/stop numbers)to arrestaction,or greaterdepth
of field callinglor a smalleraperture(high f/stop number)and a slower shutter
time.
Camerascalibratedin exposurevalues,can be set to the value appearingin the
EV window.
When used as describedin succeedingpagesthe meter indicatesthe correct
exposure.Departfrom the exposureindicatedwhen specialeffectsare sought.
                                           I

USING THE METER
 Reflected light and incident tight methods each have their uses buf  it  should
be noted that the  latter is particutarly recommended for colour reversal work.
 For reflectedlight readingsthe meteris usedalone.Hold it as shown here,being
 carefulnot to obstructthe photo-electriccell with yourfingersor the neck cord. '
 For outdoorgeneralscenes,when the readingis taien from the cameraposition,
 tilt the metersufticientlydownwardsto avoid measuringsky areaswhich would              i
 inflatethe readingand cause under exposure.
The reflectedlight method may lead to under exposureif used for backlighted
scenes particularlywhere specularreflectionis presentsuch as occurs from
wet surfaces.This under
exposure.may however,'
result in  a  pleasing
picture in certain cir-
cumstances,Under ex- 4
posure will also occur
w h e n e x c e p t i o n a l l y
bright light sourcesor
unusually large white
areas  are  contained
withinthe meter'sview-
ing  field. Conversely
overexposuremayresult if the meter is directed   'ie
to includeunduly large
darkareas.
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For in-cidentlight readingsfit the Inverconeas shown on
                 page 5 and hold the meteras shown here; use ilre inalx
                       finger.to operatethe pointerlock.
                    Pointthe Inverconearongor parailerwith the cameraaxis
                   towards the camera position from the principal subjeci
                     position;side, back and front lighting are ali taken into                 account.
               When extremelyprecise readingsof subjectswith a high
                  degreeof back lighting are caled for, it is advisabreio
                 remove the meter from its case and hold  it *rti.ufly                    instoadof horizontally.
               SUBSTITUTE READINGS In outdoorwork whereit is                    impracticableto ge.t                                          the subject, a substitute reaoingr r . Y                                  10                                    rjghtj.ns                                                is                                       the                                same                            y,l_"r."                                          as at                                                   the subject.                                    lh:Tf:::_l1k:.1,-ul-?.11^t:_":L"l                                                                                         j;;                ne'must                     be poi                            nted                                                                        i n the sa                       m                                    e d                                                                                                i ;;";;;                                                                                            ;;;fi  ;;I_t;at  the::lf,subject:Ti position.ll',.",l":
In the diagrambelow,the best positionfrom which to takea readingis shown by
the solid figure.Ghostedfigures show alternativepositi:onsfrom wliich u ,.LuJing
can be taken,providedthat the illuminationat eac'hof them is the sameas at the
subject.The arrowsindicatethe directionin which the Inverconeis pointed.

UNUSUAL CONDITIONS

Reflected light method     i
For scenesin whichthe contrastis low, also for thosewherethereare abnormally
l a r g e d a r k a r e a s ,t h e u s e o f  t h e ' A ' p o s i t i o n w h i c h h a l v e st h e e x p o s u r ei s
recommended.Sceneswith large light areas,as well as those of high contrast,
callfor use of the'C' positionwhichdoublesthe exposure.
Theserecommendationsapplyprimarilywhenmonochromenegativefilmis used.
For colour photography,,seepage14.                                          i


Incident light method,,
Straightforwarduse of th6 Inverconeusuallygives entirelysatisfactoryresults.
However,some scenescallfor a modifiedexposure,this beingparticularlytrue
whenusingcolourreversalfilm.Withoutexposureadjustment,an areaof wateror
other sparklingsurfacewill appearin the transparencyvery light and devoidof
detail,as, in fact seen by the nakedeye. Howeverobjectswith the light behind
them will be well portrayed.Frequently,plentyof detailin the sparklingarea is
preferable.Givinglessexposurethan indicatedby the normaluse of the Invercone
will achievethis; to this end the Inverconemay be pointeddirectlyat the sun
therebyconsiderablyreducingthe exposureindicated.According to personal                                       'normal'preference,any exposurebetweenthis and       ma,ybe used.
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BRIGHTNESSRANGE

 I
       The followingvariantof the reflectedlight methodaims at centringthe exposure
       betweentwo extremes.In any scene,variousobjectsreflectdifferentamountsof
          light.To producea good photograph,all objectsshould normallybe exposed
         withinthe latitudeof thefilm; thus the extremesof brightnessshouldbe measured.
       Take a close-upreadingof the darkestobject(for example,a dark hedge)and
        note the light value. Then take a close-up readingof the lightestobject (for
        exanrple,a white wall) a!ain notingthe light reading,
        Set the arrow on the'calculatordial midway betweenthe darkestand lightest
        objectlight values,i.e,4,thearrow should be the same numberof divisionsor
        blocksfrom the darkestlight valueas it is from the lightest.
       You can then read off a suitablecombinationof f/stop and shuttertime for the
       sceneor, alternatively,the exposurevalue.               II
li      andMostbrightmonochromehighlightsnegativein a singleemulsionsnegative.canA recordknowledgeu tongofrangethe limitsof deepof thisshadowsrange
        can preventunnecessaryloss of detailin extremeshadowsor highlightswhen
                     l o n g r a n g es u b j e c t sa r e e n c o u n t e r e Sd e. e ' U ' a n d ' O ' P o s i t i o n s ' o n p a g e6
       and page12.

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'U'       'O'THE   AND   POSITIONS

      'U'              'O'The       and               positionson the calculatordial show the recommendedlimits
of subjectbrightness,the ratio of these being 128:1.For a given settingof the
dial, all objectswhose light valuesfall on or betweenthese two limits will be
correctlyexposed.Any objecthavinga light valuebelowthe 'LJ'positionwill be
under exposedand any object with a light valueabovethe ,o' positionmay be
 difficult to reproducesatisjactorily.

                'U'By settingthe    positiJnoppositethe darkestobject light value,the indicated
exposurewill be just sufficientto reproducethat part of the scene.

Where the overallbrightnessis of a low order,such as in a dark hall or cave,it
mdy be impossibleto obtain a readingfrom anythingbut a very light object.       'O'lf the    position is set oppositethis light object,lightvalue,the indicated
exposurewill ensuresatisfactorilyexposedhighlights.

Where the brightnessrange of the scene exceedsa ratio ol 128:1use of the ,U'
positionmayinvolvesomesacrificeof detailin the extremehighlights.Conversely,           'O'use of the    positionwill causeloss of shadowdetail.
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COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY


The incidentlight methodis,recommencledfor most colour photography.
The beginnershould avoid extremelightingconditionsand allow the colour to
providethe contrast.For outdoor shots, if possibleexpose when the sun is
reasonablyhigh (i.e.aboveabout30" from the horizon)as the colour of the light
is normallymost suitableduringthis period.Watch the reflectionvaluesof the
surroundings,i.e. a white dress can be turned pink by light reflectedfrom a red
object.Outdoorsavoidsha{owsand subjectsin shadow,as theseare illuminated
by skylightwhich is moreblue than sunlight,tor which thefilm is balanced.An
idealsceneis one havinglow contrastand evenillumination.
When the scenecontainslarge areasof a light tone, the reflectedlight method
will resultin an inflatedreadingand consequentunder exposure.ln such cases
a readingcould be taken of an averageportion of the scene,avoidingthe areasof
light tone, but it is preferableto use the incidentlight method.

COLOUR FILM RANGE                                     :;
The rangeof scenebrightnesswhich can be recordedon colourfilm is far more
restrictedthan that of monochromematerial.For colour photographythe ratio
betweenthe lightestand darkestparts of the scene should in generalnot exceed
about32:1,i.e.a differenceof 5 in the readingon the light scalewhen using the
meterwithout the Invercone.
For best colour renderingit will generallybe found that,thebrightnessrangeof
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extremecolourswill lie betweenthe mark positionedone whole stop abovethe         'C'           positionand the markpositionedone wholestop belowthe 'A'. Objectswhoset    brightnessvalueslie outsidethis rangemay sufferin colour rendering.Effective
        picturesin colour are obtainedfrom colour contrastratherthan from highlights
      and shadowsas in monochromephotography.The brightnessrange method
       describedon page11 may be used.
         Firsttakea close-upreadingof the darkestcolourin the scene.Then takea close-
       up readingof the lightestcolour. Set the arrow positionon the calculatordial
      midwaybetweenthese light valuesand makeyour camerasetting.
      The above methodlocatesthe exposurein the middleof the film rangeand is
        suitablefor the averagesubjectin flat lighting.lf the darkercoloursare of principal
        interest,a longerexposLlremay be preferable.Conversely,if the lightercolours
       are of interestthen a shorterexposuremay be necessary.
            It must be appreciatedthat varyingthe exposureto suit one end of the colourr   range may affecttrue re,nderingat the other.A usefulsuggestionis to use the         'C'           positionwhen exposingfor the darkercolours and the 'A' positionfor the
        lightercolours.
       Correctexposurewill, of course,give the best results,but if in doubt remember
        that when using reversalfilmslight underexposuregivesbettercolour rendering
       than over exposure. With negative/positivecolour processes,however,the
       oppositeis the case and slight over exposureis preferableto under exposure.
        In both forms of colour photography,it is normallydesirableto avoid shadows
      and extremecontrast in lighting until plenty of experiencehas been gained.
     Some fine contre-jourefrectsare attainable,however,to which end the use of
       the Invercone(see page9) is especiallyrecommended.

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CINE PHOTOGRAPHY
A cine camerais essentiallythe same as a still cameraexceptthat it exposesa
seriesof picturesat a fixed shuttertime setting.
For cine work the incidentlight method is recommendedbut the brightness
rangemethodcould be used.
The standardnumberof framesexposedby the averageamateurcine camerais 16
per secondat a shuttersettingof 1/30thof a second.For otherframes per second
than16,theshuttertimesare proportional.Usethesettingsshownin thefollowing
table:     8 framesper second1/15th      32 frames per second 1/60th
         16 framesper second1/30th      38 frames per second 1/100th
         24 frames per second 1/50th      64 frames per second 1l125th
Some camerasmay haver differentshuttertime at 16 frames per second,such as
1/40thor 1/50thand the f/stopsfor these should be read oft againstthis shutter
settingon the calculatordial.  lf the shuttertime on your camerais unknown
ascertainit from the cameramanufacturer.

ADDITIONAL NOTES -STILL  AND CINE
High Altitudes Films are sensitiveto ultra-violetradtation,of which there is a
considerableamountpresentat high altitudes.To elimihatethe effectof this, it is
alwaysgood practiceto use a hazeor ultra-violetfilter.No exposurecorrectionis
necessaryso use the meterin the normalmanner.
Copy Work When copyingpagesof a bookor photographsin blackand whiteor
colour use the Invercone.
Alternativelydividethe nominalfilmspeedby 4, set the resultingvaluein the film

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speed window, and take a reflectedlight readingfrom a white card placed over,T        the subject.
          ln eithercase set the normalarrow to the light readingobtainedand selectthe
       camerasettingsin the usualmanner.
        Television Placethe cameraon a tripod,or otherfirmsupport,and focus on the
          lines acrossthe screen.Switch off the room lights. Take a reflectedlight reading$     of an averagepictureholdingthe meterabout250mm (10in) from the screen.Set
         the normalarrowat this readingand selectthe camerasettingsin the usualway.
       As the televisionpictureis completelyrepeated25 times per secondthe ideal
         shutterspeedis 1/25thsecond.Manycamerascannotbe set to this. In such cases
        1/30thor 1/15thcan be used, probablycausinga band of darkertone to appear *        across the picture, considerablymore marked at 1/30th second. However,at
         1/1sthsecond,definitiodoversome partsof the picturemay sufferslightlydue to
         the fact that some of the scanninglineswill be exposedtwice.
        Sunsets and Silhouettes Using the reflectedlight method, aim the meter
          directlyat the subjectand set the normalarrow at the reading. The sun itself
                               hiddenby cloud.j$    shouldactuallybe settingor
         Aerial Pictures Use the reflectedlight method,aimingthe meterdownwardsto
        preventthe skyf rom inflatingthe reading.As a generalguide,below1,000feet use
         ihe Meterreadingindicated;f rom 1,000to 2,000feetset the arrowon the calculator
          dial one space higher than the meter reading,therebyreducingthe exposure
                                                                          set the'A'lft     bymeter1/3readingf/stop; from(an exposure2,000to 4,000reductionfeet, ofset213thef/stop).arrow Abovetwo spaces4,000feet,higher than the
       mark insteadof the arrow to the meter reading(an exposurereductionof one
          f/stop). lf no other filter is in use, a skylightfilter, hazefilter or ultra-violetfilter
i *       should be used,in which case no exposurecorrectionis required.

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Equlpment Errors  Photographicequipment is sometimes subject to small
 errors,e.g.in shuttertimes and f/stops.Sometimesthese errorscanceleachother
 but it is possiblefor them to be additive,resultingin consistentunder or over
exposure.These errors can be compensatedfor by adjusting the film speed
(ASA or DIN rating),lowering it  if results are consistentlyunder exposedand
raising it if over exposed.
                                                          'register
Zero Correction   lf the'pointer of your meter does not        zero when no
light strikesthe cell, it requiresa slight adjustment.Coverthe cell with your hand
or a card and with a small screwdriverrotatethe zero correctoron the back of the
meteruntil the pointerindicateszero. Tilt the meterat an angleof about 45owhen
makingthe adjustment. Zero correctionis only very occasionallynecessaryand
should be made with great care.
                                                                             ;t
Warning The exposuremetershould not be subjectedto temperaturesin excess
of 50oC.Such temperaturesare often encounteredin the glove compartmentor
on the parcelshelf of a car or in hot sunshine.
The Invercone may be cleaned with a cloth damped in a detergentsotution.
Use a soft cloth to wipe dry. Do NOT immerse in water.

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