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WRAYFLEX GUIDE Reference guide
Reference guide for WRAYFLEX GUIDE. 52 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Wrayflex
- Model / document
- WRAYFLEX GUIDE
- Document type
- Reference guide
- Language
- English
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- 52
- File size
- 3.2 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
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Page 3 · Read text
TTIE WRATTEX
The Wrayflex is a single-lenseye-levelreflex camera u_sing
35 mm. film. lt takes interchangeablelenses,and has a focal
plane shutter. The complete camerawith its 2 in. (5 cm.)
f2' fensmeasures5* x 3t x 2* in. and weighs74 oz.
The camerabody is die'-cast,ind hasa retiovable back with
anodized pressure plate. lt accepts standard 35 mm.
cartrldges is well as reloadableself-openllg metal cassettes.
A sel-f-cappingfocal plane shutter ls built into the camera
body and travelsfrom rlght to left. Self-cappingmeansthat it
remhinsclosedwhile being wound up, "focal plane" means
it movesright In front of the negatlvematerlalfor maximum
efficiencyat the same time ensurlng full light protectio.n.
The Wr-ayflexfocal plane shutter has settings of l/2, llr,
f /10, 1125,l/50, l/100, 11750,l/500, and l/1000 second,
as well as B for tlme exposures.The speedsare set on a
single shutter speed dial on top of the camera. Flash_syn-
chrbnization for both electronlc flash and flash bulbs is
built in.
The Wrayflex is produced in two picture sizes. The
conventionai24 x 36 mm. size similar to Leica, Contax,
Kine Exakta,etc. for 36 exposureson a full length film has
been introduced recently to cater for "conservatiYe"
demand.
The original Wrayflex size is 24 x 32 mm. for 4?exPosures-
on a full-length 35 mm. film. Thls origlnal departure .of
traditional standardsoffers a3:4 ratio of the shorter to the
longer side of the negative,this is quite generallyaccepted
as pleasingto the eye and more widely used than the Z:3
proportion of the 74 x 36 mm. size. lt alsooffers an economy
in materialand In particularlyin colour film which is four or
five tirnes the price of blaik-and-white, by produclng 24
frames insteadof only 20 frames.
The reflex focusingfinder of the Wrayflex is used at eyg
level. The actual taking lens serves both for focusing and
taking the picture. A movable mlrror reflects the picture
{ to be taken on to a ground-gfassfocusingscreen.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 3Page 4 · Read text
In a twin-lens reflex camera, or for THE NEFLEX
that matter an), camera with
separate viewing and plcture-
taking lenses, tho lenses do not
see the same view. This parallax is
more critical the nearer the sub-
lect to the camera. lt limits the use
of twin-lens reflex carneras in
accurate close-up work.
s The single lens reflex camera ls
free from that weakness, but In
exchange has to put up with the
loss of a split second between the
moment, of viewing and taking the
picture. At the moment of ex-
posure, focusing and viewlng are
not possible.
The reflex focusing $rstem of the
Wrayflex is used at eye level. The
actual taking lens serves both for
focusing and taking the picture
and is used to form the image on
the film as well as to reflect the
picture to be taken on the ground
glass screen.
By setting the shutter, the mirror
is introduced into the path of the
light rays between lens and film.
The image ls double reflected by
two mirrors and viewed by the
eye throu8h the eyepiece.
On releasing the shutter (bottom)
the reflex mirror cradle is swung
up out ofthe path ofthe light, and
the picture disappears from the
finder at the same time sealingthe
top against light. After a time lag
of approximately l/30 sec. the
shutter exposes the film to the
light rays from the lens,View original page 4Page 5 · Read text
Film and focusingscreenare for all Intents and purposes
at the samedistancefrom the lens but in differentposltions:
at right angleswith eachother. The film runs alongthe back
of the camerawhile the focusingscreenis on the top of it.
Thusthe light enteringthrough the lenshasto go alternately
in two directions:once to the focusingscreenand once to
the film. This two-way traffic is controlled by a mirror on
point-duty.By settingthe shutter, the mirror is introduced
into the path of the light-raysbetween the lens and film,
thus reflecting the image on to the focusing screen, This
then shows exactly the sameoutlines,definition,depth of
field and (in the centre of the screen)the relative brlghtness
of the subJectas will appearon the negative.
When the camerais held horizontally,the image appears
the right way up but reversed left-to-right. With the
camera held upright the image is seen upside down but
correcr left-to-right.
With the standard2 in. (5 cm.) lens in the camerathe
finder imageappearsabout two-thirds life size.The central
focusing magnifier on the screen enlargesthis section by
another 50 per cent for critical focusing.The field seen is
fully accurate,without any parallaxerror.
On releasingthe shutter for the exposure the cradle
holdingthe mirror and ground glassscreenswingsupwards,
coveringthe viewingaperture.The camerais now light-tight
and the path of the light to the film is clear.
The folding film transport key is located in the centre of
the baseplate of the camera.Half a turn on this key re-sets
the camera for the next exposure. lt thus combines the
actionsof transporting the film by a full frame, setting the
shutter, repositioning the mirror cradle for viewing,
and advancingthe exposurecounter.
The camera top plate carries the body releasewith an
outside thread which acceptsa screw-over cable release.
The film counter and rewind knob are alsofitted on top.
The interlocking mechanism automatically prevents
double exposuresor blank frames,
www.orphancameras.com
IjView original page 5Page 6 · Read text
The lensesof the Wrayflex are interchangeable.In addition to the standard2 in. (5 cm.) lens,a wide-anglelensof l$ in. (3.5cm.) and a long focuslensof 3f In. (9 cm.) are avallable. As the lens itself is usedto producethe reflex finder image, the correct field with any lens is automaticallyshown in the finder, and no separatevlewfindersare required. The Wrayflex Lrenses The Wrayflex is fitted with either the 2 in. (5 cm.) Unifite f2or Unilux f2.8 asstandardlens. THE 2 in. (5 cm.) UNILITEF 2 is a five-componentanastigmat,of exceptionally high resolution, even light distribution and good colour correction. lt reaches its optimum on marginal resolution at f ll. lt is built into a helical focusing mount with a focusing range from 3 ft. to infinity. The aperture scale closes down to f 22 and is fitted with click stops. The Unilite is a universal lens suitable for all types of general photography. On account of its fast aperture it is suitable for pictures in poor light conditions, indoors, and fast moving subjects. lts good colour correction makes it particularly suited for colour work. THE 2 in. (5 cm.) UNILUX f 2.8 has four elements and similar per- formance as the f 2 lens (above) but at full aperture transmits only half the amount of light as the f 2lens, somewhat limiting its appllcation under extreme conditions. THE l8 in. (3.5 cm.) WIDE ANGLE LUSTRAR f 3.5 is a four-com- ponent anastigmat of flat field, high resolution and very reasonable covering power. lt covers a field of approximately 64" (dlagonally) as compared with 46" of the standard 2 in. (5 cm.) lens. lt will be found particularly useful for taking interlors, where as wide a field as posslble has to be included, and also for taking large groups, for photographing In narrow streets-in fact wherever the subject-camera distance is restricted. A modest exaggeration of perspective of the wlde angle lens can be put to good use in special cases-for example to enhance the foreground of a composition or to introduce some other deliberate distortion. On the other hand its focal length is not so short as to produce unpleasant distortions and it may also be found useful as a general purpose snapshot lens. On account of the great depth of field, this lens can be employed with pre-set zone focus setting for quick actlon snapshots.lt ls built into a helicalfocusing mount with a focusing range from 3 ft. to infinity. The aperture scale closes down to f 22 and is fitted with click stops. One has to put up with the fact that the illumina- tion towards the edges of negatives taken with a wide angle lens is bound to fall off to a slight degree. This can to some extent be offset by giving a Senerous exposure.View original page 6
Page 7 · Read text
THE 3* In. (9 cm.) TELEPHOTO LUSTRAR f4 is a four-comPonent
anastigmat of high resolution, flat field, and very good covering power
and colour correctlon. lt covers a field of 27" (diagonally), giving a
linear magnificationof 1.8 times, or over 3.5 times in area compared
with the standard 2 In. (5 cm.) lens. In other words it gives a larger
reproduction of the subject. lt is particularly useful for long-distance
work, such as photographing mountains or inaccessiblearchitectural
detaiis, or when taking animals, sports photographs and portraits.
There the mellowed perspective which can be obtained with the
3{ in. (9 cm.) Lustrar from an increased working distance is pictorially
advantageous.
This lens is built into a helical focusing mount with a focusing railge
from 7 ft. to infinity. The aperture scale closes down to f 32 and is fitted
wlth click stops.
All lenses have an internal thread to accept filters (see p. 64),
supplementary lenses (see p. 68), and lens hood (see p. 56).
Both 5 cm. lensesare suitable for use in an enlarger.
When usingfast lensesit is wrong to assumethat the high
correction of the Unilite lensesenablesone to use them
invariablyat their full opening.The depth of field (seep. 53)
of these large aperture lensescan only be comparatively
small at their original aperture, so that, more often than
not stopping down becomesnecessary/.Large aPertures are,
however, a very welcome reserve for adverse lighting
conditions and, in any case,they ensure a bright focusing
image on the reflex screen.
When using the 9 cm. Lustrar, focuslngwith the longer
focal length has to be more accurate,as again,the depth of
field is considerablymore limited than wlth the lensesof
shorter focal length. At the sametime, owing to the longer
axls, slow speedsof l/50 and l/25 secondswith this lens
tend more easilyto camerashakelf the camerals not held
very rigidly or usedfrom a tripod.
The treatment and care of the lenses is a matter of
importance.On accountof its chemicalcomposition,optlcal
glass of high quality is susceptibleto the influencesof
moisture, and for this reason touching the glasswith the
fingersshould be avoided.When not in use the lens should
be protected by the lenscover. Sincecomplete protection ls
impossible,the lens surfaceshould be cleanedoccasionally
wlth a clean,soft chamoisleather.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 7Page 8 · Read text
WRAYFLEX LENSES, SHUTTER, AND FINDER
Above:Tho Wrayflex lensesshownare the 3.5 cm. with angleLustrarf 3.5,a four-
componentanastigmat(left); the 5 cm. Unilux f 2.8 standardlens, a four-com-
pondnt anastigmat(centreleft); the 5 cm. Unilite f 2 standard lens wlth five
iomponents(centreright); and the 9 cm. Lustrar f 4long focus lens, a four-
componentanastigmat(right).
Below: The focal plane shutter is
self-capping, coupled to the film
transPoft by gear movement and
sprocket wheel, and automatically
advances the exposure counter.
As one movement transporB the
film and sets the shutter, double
exposures as well as blind frames
are automatically prevented. All
speeds of the shutter (l/2, l/5,
f /10,f l75,tl5a,t/t00,t/250,t/500,
l/1000sec.aswellasB) areseton
one dial.
l,boveleft: When the camerais held horizontallythe finder showsthe picture the
right wiy up but laterallyreversed;wlth the camerauprlg_htthe picture is.upside
dJwn. A bdilt-ln magnifierin the centre permits critical focusing.The field seen
is fully accurate,without any parallaxerior. That holds good whatever lens or
attachmentis used on the camera.View original page 8Page 9 · Read text
Lrens Coating
All Wrayflex lensesare coated.This processconsistsof the
application of a microscopicallyfine deposit of some in-
organic substanceon the glass surfaces, it considerably
reducesthe light reflectionat glassto air surfacesin the lens.
The gain will be fully appreciatedif it is understoodthat for
examplein a four-componentF3.5lensthe lossof light due to
surfacereflection is in the region of 30 per cent, which can
be reduced by coating to about 5 per cent. Apart from the
gain in speed of the lens whlch may be in actual practlce
50 per cent (half a stop) it is of rather greater importance
that the scatter of light which impairs the contrast of the
imagels eliminated,giving a more brilliant negative,especi-
ally in the regionswhere the tones are most subduedand
where consequentlybrillianceand contrastare most needed.
The fact that a lens is coated can be recognizedby observing
a reflection in the lens of, let us say a lamp. lt appears
distinctlycoloured,as a rule rather deep blue with a tinge of
red.
Changing Lrenses
Changing lenses In the Wrayflex is simply a matter of
unscrewingthe lens by holdingand turning its back milled
ring. This can be done before or after the camera shutter
has-been set. As already mentioned, the screen of the
finder shows the correct view, free of parallax,whatever
lens is employed.
10
www.orphancameras.comView original page 9Page 10 · Read text
HATVDTINGTHE WRAYFI,EX
Iroading
To start with we take it for grantedthat we haveour
Wrayflextogetherwith a loadedstandardfilm cassettein
front of us (seep. 27 for the universalcassette).Our first
taskis to loadthe camerawith film.Thisshouldbe donein
subdueddaylight.
l. Remove camera back.
2. Pull out rewind key.
3. Insert film and push rewind key back.trut 4, Fix film end on take-up spool.
5. Transport once.
6. Close camera back.
7. Transport fllm twice and release.& 8. Set film counter to No. 0.
l. The camera back can be removed after pushing up thc catches on
either side.
2. The rewind key-marked "rewind"-on the top plate is pulled out
as far as it will go.
3. Place the film in cartridge into the empty chamber below the
rewind key, purh back the rewind key which wlll now hold the
cartridse in oosition.
4. Pull ou-t 4-5'in. of film including the shaped lead. The cream-
coloured emulsion side has to face the camera front. Bend the first
f in. of film back and fix it under the clip of the take-up spindle,
which is housed in the chamber opposite to that of the film cassetto.
Make sure that the film perforation engages in the sprocket wheel
w theand cassette.the film is taut across the gate; any "slack" is pushed back into
5. Make sure that the rewind lock on the bottom of the camera is set to
"L". Give the winding key half a turn in a clockwise direction to
make sure that the film progresses smoothly across the gate and
that the sprocket engagesthe film perforation correctly, Press the
shutter release.
6. Replace the camera back and lock it by pushing downwards the lock
catches on either side.
7. Transport the film two frames by twice turning the film key and
releaslng. This action moves on the first part of the film which has
been exposed to light on insertion. When winding on, the rewind
key on the top plate must revolve in an anti-clockwise direction.
This proves that the film is being pulled out of the cassette properly.
lf ashort e.9.20 exposure colourfilm is used it is a{visable to takq 11
3View original page 10Page 11 · Read text
up the "slack" first by turning the rewind key in r clockwlrs
direction until a resistancels felt. lf at the initial film transoortlns
the rewind knob does not revolvethis indicatesthat the frlm hai
not been properly Inserted.
Carrying the Wrayllex
However eletant it may be to carry the cameraon a long
strap from the shoulder,this positionis qulte unsuitablefoF
quick actlon. a good shot has been-lostin this way. A Y.n)r
better method ls to carry rhe Wrayflex in its ever-r6ady
caseon a short strap round the neck, so that it lies on oners
chest-in. the rlght position ready for rvork. Openlng the
caseand liftlng it up to the eye is then a mattei of Jspllt
second.
The ever-ready case carries the Wrayflex ready for use,
and there is a retaining screw which prevents the camera
from falling out of the-opened case.
Manipulating the Wrayflex
Generally it is of foremost importance to acgulre _
sufficientexperiencein manipulatingali partsthat eventirally
lead to takint the- picture. So get thoroughly acqualnted
wlth the ways in which to work the cameracontrols before
actuallysetting out to make photographs.Surely one should
tr), the gears,the accelerator,the brakesand even the horn
of a new car before going "all out" with lt. Going all out
wlth a new camera__withoutbelng able to do the rig-htthing
almost automaticallyis no lesstangerous. lt mai be lesi
wasteful of lives-but it is not lessvriastefulof live'pictures,
if not of the camera itself.
The following are the mechanicalpoints that must be
particularly watched when using the Wrayflex:
l. Using the eye level reflex finder.
7. Winding the film.
Setting the shutter and aperture. 1.12 4. Releasing.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 11Page 12 · Read text
LOADING THE WRAYFLEX
Left: Remove the camera back.
Centre:Pull out the re-wind ke)r.
Right: Insert the cassetie in the chamber and push back the re-wind ke)r.
'' LefuFix the film end to the take-upspool.
' Centre:Advancethe film by turning the transport key until it locks.
Right:Closethe cameraback.
Centre: Releasethe shutter and advance the film by means of the transport key.
Repeat this a second time.
Right: Set the film counter disc to 0.View original page 12Page 13 · Read text
Viewing vyith the Wrayf,ex
The eye-levelreflex finder showsthe imageformed on the
ground glassscreen by the light which enlers the camera
through the lens and is reflected by a mirror. The reflex
imageis only visibleafter the film hai beenwound on, and it
disappearsonce the shutter is released.lt has a twofold
purpose: to show the field of view, and to permit accurate
focusing.
There should be no difticulty in determinins the field of
view. View the plcture first with the apertureTuilyopen to
ensure the brlg.htest.possiblereflex ihrage.Althbugh you
may automatlcallyhold the camera quite level, malie sure
that the vertical lines of the plcture run parailel wirh the
sidesof the g.roundglassfram6, except whLn you aim at an
intentionaltilt.
secondpurposeof the reflex finder, obtainingthe best . ff,t
definition, is at the same time one of the most linportant
factors ensuringgood results.The less experienced'userof
screen.focusingis apt.to accept,all too. h_aitily,a seemingly
sharpimpressionof the imageas best definitibn.
There are, however, different degreesof sharpnesseven
at full aperture.The best way to arr-iveat criticai definltion
is to turn the helicalfocusingmount of the cameralens to
and fro while observinghow the main obJecton which you
intend to focus becomes more and mol.e sharp up tb a
certain.point,beyondwhich it will againlosedefinitidn.tt is
at this "beyond" stage that you hav-eto reverse the move-
ment of the focusingmount lradually to narrow down the
degree of the focuiing mount until you .of .movement
unmistakablyarrive ar the point of thelery best definitfon.
It is a caseof "bracketing" from the shari surroundingto
the. critical.sharp point. lt must be repeited that, beiore
and.beyond thq point of maximum ddfinirion,the image
still appearssufficientlysharp,-but do not be deceived 5y
this fact: it is not good-enoughfor enlarging.
The built-in magnifier in the centre of the reflex screen
t4 wlll assistmaterially in determining the critical focus.
www.orphancameras.com ?.tJView original page 13Page 14 · Read text
HOLDING THE WRAYFLEX
Hold camera firmly
with both hands,
with elbows pressed
into body
and stand with your
legs well apart.
For horizontal photographs (top left) hold the camera in the ball of your right hand
with right index finger on the ihutter releaseand thumb on cameia back.-The left
handmanipulatesthe film key and focusing mount and finally supports the camera
when releasing.For vertical shots (centre)-thecamera is heli agiihst the forehead,
supported by tlu riglt hand from underneath, with the rigfrt thumb on the
releasebutton. The left hand acts as aboye.
Whenever possible support your body against something sotid such as a tree, or
wall' or ProP your arms on a fence, railing or even your knees when sitting on the
ground, or straddle a chair. Use a cable releasefortime exposures from itripod.View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
When the camerais held in horizontalpositionrhe picture
tf'e ground-glassscreenappearsupright but left-t6-rtght. 9n
Slmilarly, movements are also shown reversed and the
camerawill have to be turned againstthe apparent move-
ment of the obJectto follow it.
In its upright poslrion the Wrayflex picture is seen slde
correct and in consequencefollowlng a lubject one hasthe
natural movement,but the imageis upsidedown.
Holding the Wrayflex
It is obvious that the camerashould be held as steady'theas
possible,as the slightest shake, even if not seen In
original negative,will becomevisible in the enlargement.
Always stand with your legs apart.
A.particularlysteadyhold of the camerals necessarywhen
working with the long-focuslens (see p. 8). ln this cise the
centre of gravity is further forward and it is therefore
desirableto hold the cameraby graspingthe helicalfocusing
mount wlth the left hand, while the right hand steadiei
the cameraand operatesthe shutter relelse.
' As the Wrayflex ls horizontally built, it obviously-inlends
Itself most simply and naturally for photographs this
position. Hold it in the right hand wtth the right index
flngqr-ol th9 shutter release,thumb on camerabick, using
the left hand to manipulatethe film transport key, actuate
the helicalfocusingmount of the shutter and to support the
camerawhen releasing.
For upright shot, hold the camera againstthe forehead. _
Support it with the right hand from underneath,witt the
rlght thumb on the releaseknob. The left hand mar.,pulates
the film transport, the focusingmount and finally supports
the camerawhen releasing.
To releasethe shutter (seep. l8) pressthe shutter-release
button wlth the ball of the right forefinger. Use finger
pressure_only,keep the hand and its grlp steady on the
16 camera. The' actual pressing down wili- hive to'be done
www.orphancameras.comView original page 15Page 16 · Read text
slowly,and smoothly.Th.eslower the exposuretime, the
smoothermustbe the release.
For slow exposuresin the hand it is advisabreto rest the
elbows againstsome support or at least lean againstsome-
thlng stable.In this way i/10 secondor more cin be risked
without incurring camerashake.
gf a tripod-ls.necessarywhen taking time exposures Yl.
and it is recommendedfor sieeds from li25 to ri2'second
and Instantaneousexposures-ofl/50 secohdwith'the long-
focuslens.
The Camera Cradle
A wrayflex cameracradle is avallablcwhich pracesthe tripod bush
centrallybelow the lensand hasa secondtripod bush brougni forwiiJ
to balancethe camerawhen usedwith the 9 crh.Lustrarlens.ihe camerals placed 9n tlre.cradlewith the film transporckey openedana flaceoIntothe slot of the large.rotating.d.iscof the cradle.tt d cameraretiinlng
screwls screwedinto the tripod bushof the camera.The film is transl
porlgd.(and the shutter, etc. reset) whlte the cameraremainson the
cradleby glvlnga halfturn to the laigerotatingdisc (Seep. Zl).
Shooting with the Wrayflex
l. Wind film transport.
7. Set shutter speed.
3. Focusand determine picture frame.
4. Set stop.
5. Releasd.
l. To advancethe fi|m,.give the film transporr key half a turn in an antl-clockwised i rection.
2. set the shutter speed by lifting up the miiled ring whlch carries
the.shutter.speediengravedonl-t and turning it in Eitt Ji direction
unut tne chosenexposuretime comesto lie oppositethe index
mark on the camera.lody..Letthe ring springuaiti in this position.
The shutter speeddial cah be turned t6 the filure 2 on Jne side and
1,000at the'other end. The stutiJ. may uFiei o.
Slteg_tr.alsporting.thefilm. The speedfilures LOOO,"it-r,J.'u"ror"jOO, 250, |00;
l0r 2-1 10,5,2 indicatefractionsoiseconis and standttrerefoiefoi
f/f000, l/500, 11250,l/100, ll5O, llZS, tlt}, tli..a *-i-i"ra. 17
..,;;{-e+-View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
Longer Gxp$ure tlmes than I secondare made with the Ehutter
set to B. The B settlng is found on the shqtter speeddial between
500 and 250 closeto 500. When set to B the shutter remainsopen
as long as the releaseis depressed,and closesagaln when pressure
from the releaseis removed.
3, Focusand determinethe pictureareaas describedon p. 14.
4. Adjust the iris diaphragmby turning stop-ring (the milled ring on
the front of the lens mount) until the stop required is opposite
the index mark.
The lens is fitted with click-stops,you can therefore distinctly
feel the iris ring click into position at each stop. This facilitates
setting the aperture by feel without looklng when the camerais
held at eye level. After havingfocusingwith full aperture-let us
saywith the f2 lensyou only haveto turn the iris ring to the thlrd
"click" if for example stop f5.6 is required. After some practice
an)raperture canrhus be selectedin an instantand without remoyinS
the eye from the camera.
The purposeof the iris diaphragmis to adjustthe effectiveopen-
ing of the lens. The smaller this opening (i.e. when the lens is
stopped down) the greater the depth of fleld. At the sirmetime, as
lesslight can piursthrough the_lensin any giventime, the exposure
time must be longer (see p. 54).
5. To releasethe shutter gently pressthe releasebutton. To do this,
use the first joint of index finger of your right hand to pressthe
button. At the sametime the thumb should be placedagainstthe
back of the camerairs support. Speedsfrom l/25 to l/1000second
are instantaneousand can be taken from the hand. lt is advisable
to usethe slower range, l/25 and even l/50 second,as sparinglyas
posslble,as there is somedangerof jerking the camera,and even a
ilight ierk, six or eight diametersenlarged,resultsin unsatisfactory
definitlon. On the other hand, if you have a steady hand and a
chanceof leaningagainsta wall, etc., or-eyen better--+upporting
the cameraonsomethingsolld,not onlythe l/25 but l/10 and l/5
secondexposurecan, with care, often be releasedwithout shaklng.
Time exposuresshould be made with the cable release,which
screws over the release button. After having taken all pictures
(the numberof exposurestaken is automaticallycountedon the film
counter) the film has to be rewound into its cassettein order to
remove'it from the cameraand replaceit by a new film. Both these
operationsshould be done in subdueddaylight (see p. 20). lf the
film key cannotbe movedthe completehalf turn, this is an indica-
tion that you have come to the end of the film. The film counter
will also have stopped somewhere in between two figures and
therefore no longei showsthe correct number of exposuresmade.
Do not try to force the film key, you would only tear the film end
from the cassettecentre spool,which meansyou haveto removethe
film In the darkroom. lf you feel a -r,eslstance,stop windlng on and18 rewind the film as describedon p. 20.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 17Page 18 · Read text
SHOOTING VYITH THE WRAYFLEX
,/
key to advance the film and bring the mirror into
Left:Focusby turning the lens mount and determine the view included in the
finder.
Right:Set the aperture.
Right: Release the shutter by
gentlypressingthe releasebutton.
Don't iab it or ferk the camera.View original page 18Page 19 · Read text
Unloading the Wrayflex
l. Turn reversing lever to R.
2. Rewind film into cartridge.
3. Open camera back.
4. Rdmove fllm in cassette.
5. Turn reversing lever to L.
6. Close camera back or reload.
l. After all exposureshave been taken turn the revercing lever In
the camerabaseplateto R.
2. Turn the rewind'keyon the top of the camera(marked"rewind") In
a clockwise direction. This winds the exposed film inslde the
camerafrom the take-upspool back into the cassette.Turn untll a
stight resistanceis felt,'wind over this resistanceand give 2 or 3
more turns. The film end comesoff the springof the take-upspool
and ls wound back into the cassette.
3. Open the camerabackasdescribedon p. ll, No. l.
4. The cdsette with the exposedfilm can now be taken out by pulllng
up the rewind key. After removing the cassettepush back the
rewind key.
5. Closethe cameraback as descrlbedon p. ll, No.6, or reload as
instructedon p. I l.
Changing Partly-ExpoEed Filmg
Changingfrom a paftly exposedfilm to anotherone (as
mighthappenif you want to take a few colourphotographs
in betweensomeblackand white pictures,or usea slow-
speedfilm insteadof a fast one) li an easymatter In the
Wrayflex.
l. Check number of exposedframes.
2. Rewind film.
3. Unload and note number of exposures.
When reloading:
4. Load as usual.
5. Advance fllm to requlslte number of exposurei
with lens cap on lens.
l. Check on the film counter how many frames of the film to be
removed are exposed.
2. Now rewind the fitm backInto its origlnalcassette(seeabove).
20 Be carefulto wind only until a slight reiistancels felt.'ln the ordinary
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,{View original page 19Page 20 · Read text
UNLOADING THE WRAYFLEX fop left: When the fllm is finished, set the reversing lever to R, ready for rewinding. Iop centre:Turn the rewind key to rewind the exposed film lnto its carsette. Topright: Open the camera back. Bottomleft: Lift up the rewlnd key and lift the cassette with the film out of the film chamber. Eottomcentre: Move the reversing lever back to L, ready for the next film. Sottomrighu Close the camera or reload. 2lView original page 20
Page 21 · Read text
way thls resistancewould have to be overcome in order to pull thc
fil# end from the take-up spool. To do so in this instance would
rewind the whole film intb the cassette, when the film would have
to be extricated in the darkroom in order to reload it later on.
3. Remove the rewound film from the camera. On the beginnlng of
the film note for reference the numberofexposures taken and then
put it into a container or wraP it up. Now you can load the camera
with another type of film.
4. To use the partly exposed film again, it has to be loaded into the
camera in tlie usiral way (see p. I l).
5. As many exposures as have already been taken on the film must now
be exo6sed'with the lens cap on the lens. To be on the safe side it is
advisdble to altow one or t*o frames more. When making "blind"
exDosures it is wise-in addition to covering the lens-to stoP lt
fuliy down and to set the shutter to the highest speed.
Cutting Off Exposed Lengths
tf a film whichis only partlyexPosedhasto be processed,
it canbe cut off in the dark room or in comPletedarkness.
l. Wind on film and oPen camera.
2. Cut film.
3. Remove film from take-uP sPool.
4. Reload remaining Portion.
l. After the last exposurewind the film transpolt once mcre, then in
the dark open the cameraback.
2. Cut the film about I in. awayfrom the cartridge.
3. Removethe exposed part on the take-up sp99l by pushingthe
reversinglever in the 6ottom of the cameiato R, winding the film
off the t-ake-upspool and wrapplng it up in three layersof black
oPaquePaPer.
4. The remaining film in the cartridge can now be re-inserted, the
reversing levJr is set back into L position and the cameraclosed.
lf the relinsertinghasbeendone in'the dark-roomno further bllnd
exDosureis nece-ssary;if the film has been re-insertedin daylight,
mike two blind exposures.Advancethe film counter by two to
allowforthe lossof film in cutting and re-insertingit. lt shouldbe
noted that some colour film makerswho include the processing
chargefor the film in its purchaseprice are not equippedto process
22 short lengthsof film.
www.orphancameras.comView original page 21Page 22 · Read text
Rewind
key Eyelet
Eack Reverring Trans- Lens
lock lever porr
key
Howto lood: pogell Howto loodcossettes:poge26
Howto shoot: Poge17 Howto tokeclose-ups:Poge68
Howto unlood: poge20 Howto usef,osh: Poge73
FOR FULL REFERENCESEEPAGE78View original page 22From the M. Butkus archive. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
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