WYNNE's "INFALLIBLE" Hunter Meter User manual

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The  " lnfallible "  Exposul Mcter is a,n Infallible                                *l.e
q5!___lnstantaneous Guide-To-Correct  ExpGureunder ali Conditione :-           MTYNN   t.'S
      From  the  Poles to the  Equator.                 ,.INFALLIBLE"
                ,,   .Sunrlre to Sunset.
               ,r   Brilliant  Sunlight   to Fog.
For Instantaneous   or Prolonged  Time Exporurce.                                                                                                                                                '  ,,  Open Landscape  or Dense Woodland.               TilUNTHRMETER  ,,  Phctographic  Studio  or Dlmly  Lighted   lntcrior.
  i,  Copying or Enlarging.                                      Sole Agents for  U.fl.A.-  ,,  The  nrort  raptd or thc Slowect  platec.
    And with   all  Diaphrag:ms,  from  the  largest             GEOncE MURPHY, Inc.,
                        to the  sdelle.st.                                              57, East etlr Street,
                                                               New Yorh.
Esrnct Erposurc found Simultanaoualy foravary stop by
        lhe einplc novlnant of the one.9cale,-

a \
                   10                                                                     1 1
lowing numbers give the corresponding F numbers:                                                      out of 20) are either Landscape  with  strong  U . S . 1 - F 4 ; 2 - F 5 t ;  3 : F 7 ; 4 - F 8       ; 8 : F 1 1 ;
L2-F 14 ; 16:F 16 ; 24:F 20 ; 32:F 23 ;64:F 32 ;      Foregrounds,  Buildings,  Living  Obiects out                                                            of Doors, views under Trees, Shady Lanes,128:F 45 : 256:F 64.                                              Copying Photographs,  Studio  Work  or  Ir-  The top scale is interchangeable so that Scales                                                                *I teriors  generally,  and. the instrument is prim-according to the U.S., Goerz,br any other systems,                                                                    arily constructed. for this  class of  subject.  Theor specially divided. Scales for Autochrome Ex-                                                      adaptation of the instrument to other exceptionalirosures,canbeinstantly substituted.for one another.                                                     classesof subjects will be treated.further on.  These special sczrlescan be srrppliedto ord.er.                                   Iq                                                  4.-The  sensitiveness  of the plate  :-  Sparediaphragms can be quickly mad.eby cutting
them out of thin black  sheets of  celluloid., and    *     fnstead. of expressing the sensitivenessof a plate                                                  by an arbitrary number,  it is expressed.by the sizeenlarging hole to size required with any pointed.                                                              of diaphragm  through  which  the  plate wouldinstrument.                                                       require the Actiuometer time for  its correct ex-  J.-Character   of the  subiect:-                                                 posure upon  a normal  subject.  Thus  llford,  The great majority of Photographs (probably 19                                                          ord.inary Plate, No. F 56, means that an ordinary
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    PHOTOCRAPHTNCEXCEPTTONAL                               SUBJECTS.          !                 re      '   *b'$'iililTr"
     The  foregoing  rule  gives  the  exposure  for  a        I      For Portraits  or Groups when at a dis.
    ngr.mal   sub;ecl,  but The  followin$  exceptional             tance of less than 20  tt. from Camera     t*
    subjects require the variations given 6elow:-                                                                For  Dark  Coloured. objects,  Old. Oak,                                                  Divide Normal
                                                           ot                      Oil Paintings, when at a distance
      For Cloud Negarives..     ..               l:n"-i;"                          of less than 20 feet from Camera   2
             ,,  Sea and Sky                       10             The  variations  for  exceptional  subiects  wilt be
              it   Ditto, with Ships or lightforeground.    4             found. engraved. on the acti-nometer diJc.
             ,,  Copying Engravings,  &c.;  in Black                                  . When copyir-rg (or where the object Photographed.
            and White                         4                  is very near-), the camera has to be racked. outr-and
             ,,  Snow  Scenes,  Glaciers,   White                   the d.istance from  the lens to the ground. glass is             Statuary  ..                        4   ,  #,rythen  greater  than  the normal  equivalent  focus  of
            ,,  ExtremedistanceinopenLand.scape-Views                   4              the lens.    If  this increased. distance  is less than  I
             ,,  Panoramic          or open Lands-                     of tbe normal equivalent focus of the lens it may be
t       capewithnodarkobjects  inforeground   2             neglected, but  ii the d.istance is increased

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                                                                           Firstly-to   use a Rapid. Plate and lens capable     posure.    For  instantaneous  photogtaphs,    if   it  is                                                        where necessary of  working  with  a large     found. absolutely  necessary, the Actinometer  time                                                                   aperture, not less than F 8,    may be set one, or two,  plate speed.numbers higher                                                          Secondly-to use a Reliable Shutter.     than woulti be calculated. for time exposures; but                                                                     Thirdly-t-o. uqe the  shutter at the lowest speed,         if  atter  doing  this  the instrument  shows that  the                                                                  the subject will aLlow.     speed. of  the  shutter   is   stiil  too  quick  to  give                                                                                                            ti                                                                                                                                          r t    Fourthly-to   use the shutter whenever possible at a      sufficient exposure with  the  largest stop,  it may be       .                                                               constant  speed, and regulate t[e variations     concluded tbat  it is useless to attempt an exposure,                                                                                 *.. 4 -          of exposure by the size of Stop used.  The     which  would. only  result  in  failure through under                                                                     variations of exposure due to the sizesof Stops     exposure. The speed.<.,f the  shutter  can be easily                                                         can be calculated. for  exactly, but the  vafi-    and  accnrately   ascertained  by  makiug  a  Trial                                                                   ations of the speed.of a shutter cannot be so     exposure   with   the   "  fnfallible    Shutter   Speed                                                                d.etermined.without a special test.    Tester."-See page 33.                                                                      Fifthly  (and most important)-to  use an  .. In-     The secret of successful exposures in  instant-                                                                                fallible  "  Exposure   Meter,   which   will    aneousphotography is :-

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, 2 +                                                                     25r       show at a glance the ptoper Stop to use urrd.er
              all couditions.                                                                    If the light  is poor and time is an object, the             If  the slowest speed of  shutter   is  say                                            116of  a       exposure_can be expedited. by using the lighter
     se_cond.the Exposure  ^\[eter will  show at a glance           tiut, of the Actinometer insteaii of the d.arker-one.
     w-hat Stop correspond.s with  that speed for any  set       As, however, it takes only one fourth  of the time
      of conditions.                                                 to colour to this tint, a Stop four times as large or
                                    I NTERIORS.                         four numbers lower than the plate speedd.iaphlagm
       fn photographingfnterjors the best method.to       Tuqt b_eemployed-the  lens 6eing ie-capped wllen
     pursue is to employ a Stop of the same size as the        the lighter  tint  is reachetl, as before explained.
     Diap_hragm n-uryber of the  plate  used., ancl uncap                                                    The                                                                                                     tint may be used.at any time and for                                                                               lighter      the Lens antl the Actinometer  at the same tirne,                                                     any subiect   if the speedof the platd be calculated.
      placing the Actinometer  in  the darkest  part  uJtere      as four numbers lower than the diaphragm number      detadl                required,, but  with  the  sensitive paper            _is                                                                gjy_u_t.Thus, instead of calculating Pagef XXXXX,      turned. toward.s the  light  which  illuminates   this                                          XXX  and XX   Plates as F- 78, F  :J2, and
       part.   When  the  Actinometer   has d.arkened, to      F 28, they must be calculated.as F'Bg, F 16, and      the stand.ard.tint,  re-ca,p the Leus.
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26r                                                                          27    g  74, respectiYely. To-avoid' complications, how-
       ..-"",'it   is' recominend.ed'only  to use it when the         The  simplest  method.  of  proced.ure  is  to  once
      Iight is very weak.                                           ascertain by  trial  the time  of correct exposure  of
                                                         an enlargement  from  a  particular   negative,  and.            ENLARGEMENTS.                                                                    also the Actinometer  Time  d.uring  the  Exposure
        fn making d.aylight enlargeng{g  the be* plan is       and to mark the Negative  with  both  these Times.
     to al,ways   tAe sime Bran-tl of Plate ot Bromid'e      Thus suppose the Actinometer  Time was 8 seconds                      "i    Paper i,nd.                the same stop in  the Lens used' for       and bhe Time  of Exposure 16 second.s the negative
     enl^arsinE.  This onlv l6aves the two  factors of        should. be marked. on the eclge thus  :-
     Ligtt? oiia tu" printi{g   quality  of the negative                                                                           16 Exposure                       consid'erat'ton'                  into      be taken     to                           of the light  is easily tested pX                                                     '     8 Actinometer              .                  value            aetinic      The
     the  actinometer aB before  explained' and  the             ff then the Time  of Exposure 16 seconds be d.ivid.ed
                quality  of^ the  negative  then only       by  the  Actinometer  Time  8 second.s, the  result      frintlng
     iemains to be allowed.for.                                equals  2.    This  shows  that   for  that  particular
                                                            Negative  the  exposure  for   similar    efllarge-
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