Zeiss Ikon Maximar Trona User manual

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                                     +Maximar 9X12 cm +  t     tr  +              smpzg9t

  a = Spring catch for holding      k = Spring for the retention of     the base-board closed              the focussing screen or the
                                           plate-holder
  b = Brilliant  view  finder  for     use at waist level                 1 = Screw thread for the tripod                                              for horizontal exposures
  d = Sighter (not to be seen       in the illustration)       m = Screw thread for the tripod                                              for vertical exposures
  e = Focussing scale                    (not to be seen in the                                                illustration)
ggt = Knobs for pulling out the      p:  Knob  for  actuating the      front carrying the lens                                        cross front movement
   ft = Knob for actuating the         s = Struts locking the opened      rising front movement             base-board
     j   = Frame view finder (Icono-      z = Knob actuating the rack      meter) for use at eye level        and pinion movement


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                                          + Trona 6.5X9 cm    4-                       +tf           +                              |                                        f   gr                      p                          yzg                 s m                        w
  a = Spring catch for holding   m = Screw thread forthe tripod      the base-board closed               for vertical exposures
  b:  Brilliant  view  finder  for          (not to be seen in the
     use at waist level                     illustration)
  d = Sighter (not  to be seen     p = Knob  for  actuating  the       in the illustration)                 cross front movement
  e:  Focussing scale                s = Struts locking the openedggr = Knobs for pulling out the          base-board      front carrying the lens                                                releasingthe infinity                                 u = Knob  h = Knob for actuating the                                             position      rising front movement     j   = Frame view finder (Icono-    w= Knob releasing the single      meter) for use at eye level          extension
  k = Spring for the retention of        Jz = Locking device for the rack      the focussing screen or the        and pinion knob for the
      plate-holder                        focussing screw z
    I = Screw thread forthe tripod      z = Knob actuating the rack       for horizontal exposures         and pinion movement

With the Trona Camera 6.5x9 cm the lock (y) is
not pulled out, but simply swivelled outwards and in-
wards. Furthermore, when desiring to photograph at near
distances with this camera it is necessary to release the
infinity catch by exerting pressure on the knob u.
   Thefocussing can be done also without usingknob(z)'
by pressing with one hand the scale (e) inward and
drawing the front forward with the other hand till the
edge of the pointer, which runs over the scale, rests on
the number which corresponds to the distance from the
object. For very accurate focussing or stand work the
focussing screen should be used in preference to the
scale: Set the shutter on time and open it. Give the lens
full aperture to get as much light as possible on the
screen. Unfold the hood of the screen, pull out screw (z)
and by turning it move the lens forward till the picture
on the ground glass becomes sharp.                                                      \ \.   ,      t(                                           r u>The double Extension ftJ+Kv'6
is useful in all cases where large figures are to appear
in the picture and where the desired result is achieved
either by approaching the object or by a variation of
the focal length with the aid of supplementary lenses.
   For use as supplementary lenses we recommend the
Zeiss Distars and Proxars, in conjunction with aZeiss
Tessar or a Dominar Anastigmat, and the Zeiss Ikon
Delta lenses with a Novar
   Distar  lenses require a camera with a long
                                                   the( double )  bellows extension I they increasefocal length of the camera lens, according to their
different strengths, at the highest nearly twice,
diminishing the image field while the objects contained
in this field are enlarged.
  P roxar lenses shorten the focal length of the camera
lens, and when used with a single extension camerat
show a larger image field, while the objects contained in
this field are reduced in size (wide angle exposures).

When used with a double extension, they permit a
much nearer approach from objective to object, thus
enlarging the object, according to their different
strengths, at the highest to nearly double its natural size.
  While pressing the scale (e) to one side with the
middle finger, use index and thumb to pull out the lens                         'l
carrier by the two pegs (ggr ) to the extreme end of the
base runner as far as it will go, and actuating the rack
and pinion movement with the aid of the knurled head                      ,.j
(z\ focus sharply on the ground glass screen. When
pulling out the front of the Trona 6.5x9 cm seize the                                                           Iknobs gg, (with thumb and middle finger) and at the
same time exert pressure with the fourth finger on
the knob w.
  When using a supplementary lens, focus at full aper-
ture of the diaphragm, but, except for portrait work,
reduce it for the exposure to get a good definition all
over the plate and a better depth of focus.
  With Trona camera and Tessar 1 : 3.5 the focussing
has to be done very carefully, as these extra luminous
lenses have a limited depth of focus, and the full opening
should be used only for portraits, highest speeds or very
bad light conditions.
The finders
The well known "Brilliant" or reflecting view findercalls for no special explanation.  It is normally in posi-
tion for a vertical picture and turns on a pivot for hori-
zontal pictures.
  Take care that it is returned to its normal position
before closing the camera.
   In addition to the Brilliant finder the camera has a
direct vision ("Iconometer") view finder which consists
of a wire frame at the front and peep-sight at the narrow
side of the camera. The wire frame is hinged on one
side and is swung into position as required. The sight


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is behind the wire frame and should be used as close
to the eye as possible.
  The idvant-ages of the "Iconometer" finder when
raising the camera above walls, hedges and other ob-
stacles, are obvious, another point of importance is that
the view is photographed at eye level.

       Spacg       The                                 Space        uSeo       reflecting     used fop
                                              hori5o:ntal      ,"{iL,       view                             wews       views        finder

The rising front movement
The front is raised perpendicularly by the screw (h).
This movement is very useful when photographing
high buildings, &c., or when it becomes necessary to
reduce foreground.
The cross front movement
has the same use for horizontal pictures and is moved
by using the screw (p). With the Maximar 10x15 cm
the cross movement of the objective is effected by
loosening the screw (t), which must be tightened again
to hold the front firmly in position.


                            The cross movement of
                                 the Maximar 10X15 cm

When using the rising or cross front, the camera should
 be on a stand, and the camera body must be always in
 a perfectly perpendicular position.
The Plate holders
 Plate holders of the single metal type and Film Pack
 adapters are used and fit in place of the focussing screen.
The plates must be inserted in the dark-room, but an
 examination of the holders should be made before load-
ing to see exactly how the plates will be inserted. A
 spring with two tongues is pressed back with the thumb,
 the plate is then inserted by stipping under the rebate at
the other end and pressed against while the spring is
released. The two tongues then cover the plate and
keep it in position.
The Exposure            Sull<us-u S
After having finished focussing, remove the focussing
screen by means of catch (k) and insert the plate holder.
   Regulate lens opening and shutter speed according
to the efficient circumstances (page 13-1G) and remove
the sheath of the plate holder.
   Take care not to touch the release till the very mo-
ment of exposure.
   Expose by pressure on the release. Return the
sheath into the plate holder, take this off and replace
the focussing screen.
Closing the camera
As each part and fitting is placed in the smallest space
possible, it is necessary to see that everything is in its
normal position before attempting to close the camera.
Then press on the two knobs (ggr) and the focussing
scale (e), push back the front as fafas it will go till  it ii
locked by the spring knob (gr), and by depressing the
two side struts (s), push the base-board against the


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        camera body till  it is locked by spring catch (a); if it
$       does not close easely, do not use force, look again and
       make sure that the parts are in their proper positions
           [the brilliant view finder in position for vertical pictures,        the front in the position marked by white dots, (zl or
          (y) pushed inward]. Be careful that the cable release,
       when being placed within the camera, does not damage
        the bellows.                                                                             I
   GENERAL SUGGESTIONS
       These suggestions apply generally to all plate cameras.r
     Keep camera and lens free from dust
         Dirt and dust are enemies of the photographer-espe-
           cially dust, and especially to the user of a small camera.
        Dust is particularly annoying, not to say disastrous to
        good results, in the case of small negatives. For where
          in contact prints a few dust marks on the negative may
       do no harm, when an enlargement is made every dust
       mark is enlarged, and makes an ugly blemish on the
         print. Be careful, therefore, frequently to dust out the
         inside of the camera with a clean, lintless cloth or
         camel's-hair brush, or both. The lenses should also be
         kept clean, and should be unscrewed from their mounting
         occasionally, and carefully and gently wiped off with a
          soft cloth (an old but clean linen handkerchief is good)
        and afterward dusted with a camel's-hair brush. Be very
         careful not to scratch the lenses.
      Important to focus correctly
            It is a good plan to train one's ability at focussing before
        depending on the scale in actually making exposures.
       With the camera on a tripod or other firm support, open
        the lens and focus for various distances. Select some
         object that you judge to be ten feet from the camera,

set the focus byscale at ten feet, and then see by looking
at the ground glass whether your guess was a good one.
  Do this for longer and shorter distances, verifying
your judgment with a tape measure; and after a little                l
practice of this kind your ability to judge distances will
be greatly improved.                                                                                                                                      I"l
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   il\
Use of the ht* pack
The pack is certainly more quickly loaded than roll film,
and the changing of film between exposures is at least
as quickly effected. Then is the advantage, the pack
affords, of ground glass focussing when desired    this                                                    - longbeing particularly valuable in cameras whose
bellows extension can be used for close range work
only when the operator can focus on the ground glass.
   Certain characteristics of film pack must be borne in
mind, however, and certain precautions observed, to
get best results. Film does not and cannot be expected,
because of its flexible nature, to present such a perfectly
flat, plane surface as does a glass plate. Therefore it is
advisable, when using film packs, to employ a rather
smaller lens opening than would be used with a platethe added depth thus obtained compensating to a large-
degree for any slight unevenness in the film surface.
It is well, also, not to leave the slide out of the film
pack holder any longer than necessary, for this allows
more air to reach the film. If the air is warm and damp,
the film that is exposed to it will absorb moisture, and
will swell, thus causing it to bulge out. This may be
overcome to a certain extent by changing the film, that
is, drawing a new section into position, just b e f o r e
instead of just a f t e r the exposure. If the film pack
holder slide is withdrawn before the bellows is extended,
the suction caused by extending the bellows is apt to
cause the film to bulge.


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EXPOSURE SUGGESTIONS
Right exposure lies at the very foundation of all success-
fufphotography. The following are exposures for com-
mon subjects that will probably be not far out of th9 *aY:
They ar-e calculated for a lens-opetitg 9! f t0.1 Itdstrould give fairly full light action on fast film or pla-tq,
   Each succeeding larger opening requires only half
the exposure of the foregoing,  i. e. if f 16.g works at
 t/uo of a second, f 14.5 will do the same at 1/roo, and
f 13.5 at tlroo.
Outdoors
 Intense sunlight, no shadow detail required, such as
 open landscapes or views on the water, 1/roo-second...   '    Bright suriligtrt, open view, but some shadow detail
 required   -Open r'luo second.        viLw in light that would be called "cloudy
 brigtit", or view with near objects ttgttq4 by sun, -but con-taining more or less shadow details which should be
 plainly shown,          l/ru second. -                'lruto   Under trees o? on a--porch, where principal part of
 view is in shadow, whether partly illuminated by direct                  tluto 1/ro second. sunlight or not,
Indoors                   3rr''    U \ Portrait near window, well lighted and using"t5'reflector or                                                                           l second' having light from windows on two sides, 'luto Interi-or v-iew, well lighted by two or more windows, light
 not shut off by trees or other objects, 2 to L0 seconds.
 In the case of-interior views it is usually advisable for
 the sake of depth (securing both near and distant objects
 sharply focused) io use a stop not larger than f lL6 and
 tengitrln the exposure accordingly. Remember that

each successively smaller stop requires a doubling of the
  exposure, so that with flL6 a well lighted room would  require an exposure of 12 seconds to 1 minute. Most
  interiors require a much longer exposure than that.
    Overexposure isn't nearly so much to be feared as
  underexposure in the great majority of subjects.
  -  Fortunately for the photographer who cannot always  determine the absolutely correct exposure for the parti-
  cular subject, the plate or film provides considerable
  latitude. If the right exposure for a given subject were, 'let us say, one second, probably anything from half a
 second to four seconds would give a very satisfactory
                                                          result.
, Camera should be held steady
'.Much of the amateur photographer,s trouble can be
 . traced to an unsteadiness of the camera at the instant
 of exposure. This results inevitably in a blurring of the
 details in the picture. It is especially importanf in the
 case of small negatives from which enlargements may
 be desired, that the camera be very steady when the
 exposure is made. The use of the flexible release is less
 likely to jar the camera than the trigger, and the re-
 flecting finder is usually better to use than the direct
 vision finder for comparatively slow exposures with the
 camera held in the hand. Steady-handed people are
 readily able to make as slow an exposure as 1/ro or even
  l/u second without jarring the camera, but t/rulr about
 as slow as most people are sure of without a firm sup-
 port for the camera.
 Use a tripod whenever you can
 There is no law against using the camera on a tripod.
 It is really best to use a tripod or other firm supporl for
 even a very small camera when it is at all possible or
 convenient.


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Automatic shutters Derval and Klio
Derval  for  long and short time exposures and instantaneous
        speeds of rlzs, 1/lo and l/tooth of a second
Klio     for long and short time  exposures and instantaneous
        speeds of 7, 1/2, r/s, 1/n, 7/zS, l/so and l/too th of a second


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                                  E
Long Time exposures
set the dial (R) at T (Z), open by pressure on Lever (D)
or preferably by the flexible release; a second pressure
                                          [closes the shutter.Short Time exposures
set the dial (R) at B and open the shutter by pressure on re-
lease, immediately this pressure ceases, the shutter will close.
Instantaneous exposures
first of all set the diaphragm scale (E) to the "stop" or
aperture required; then set the dial (R) till the intended
speed is opposite the indicator, and the shutter is ready.
The exposure may be made by depressing the lever (D-)
or by using the flexible release inserted at (O).
The lens apertures or stops are altered by moving the
small lever (E), the diaphragm scale will be found en-
graved on the plate immediately above lever (E).

                              I3

Compur shutter
                              gives Time, Bulb and various
                            instantaneous exposures.
                         J For instantaneous
                                                     lY exposures
                                    first of all set the diaphragm
                                scale (E) to the stop (aperture)
                                required, then set the dial (?,)
                          with the letter M (I) against
                                thepointer, revolvethe dial (R)
                            in the direction of the arrow,
                          (from right to left, never in
                        the opposite direction or it
 will be damaged),  till the intended speed is opposite the
indicator, then depress the lever (J) and the shutter is set.
The exposure may be made by a pressure on the lever (D.)
or by using the flexible release inserted at (O).
Long time exposures' " "'
Set the dial (T) at Z (T), open the shutter by pressure
on lever (D) or on the flexible release. A second pressure
closes the shutter.
Short time exposures
Set the dial (T) at D (B) and open the shutter by pressure
on release. Immediately this pressure ceases, the shutter
will close.
IVofe. The shutter is automatic for Time and Bulb
exposures I lever (-[) becomes then locked and no attempt
must be made to use it.
The lens apertures, or stops, are regulated by the small
lever (E), the diaphragm scale and indicator will be found
at the top of the shutter, behind the dial (R).


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Compur Shutter Model                       "S"(WITH DELAYED ACTION RELEASE)

                   I
           Y                 A = Index showing the ex-                                        posure times
                          D = Finger release for the                                               shutter
                          E = Diaphragm indicator
                                 F = Setting button for the                                       delayed action release
                                                          f = Setting lever for auto-                                       matic sPeeds, and for
                                           exposures with the de-
                                         layed action release
                           O = Bush in which to screw                                            the flexible release
                          R = Rotating ring for regu-                                                    lating the sPeeds which
                                            read offagainst index A
     E                      fPrl'{\uJ "t5
When delayed action release
is n o t in use Proceed as follows:
T Long lfime exposures
Turn ring (R)  till  letter T  is on the index tnark (A).
 Pressure on lever (D) or on the flexible release inserted
 at (O) opens the shutter' which will remain open till
a second pressure closes it.
B Short Time exposures
Turn ring (R)  till  letter B is on the index tnark (A).
 pressure 1n  the release opens the shutter, which will
 close as soon as this pressure ceases'

Instantaneous exposures
Turn ring (R) till the speed chosen is on index mark [A).
 Set the shutter by moving lever (f)  to the right to the
 limit of motion.   Release the shutter by a pressure on
 the lever (D) or on the flexible release. - Lever (I) is usedonly for instantaneous exposures. When the shutter is                                                                d{,i.
set for T or B, this lever is locked.                                                                                      ;l'c
 Besides the engraved speeds of l,  rlz, rls, rlrc, rlzs, rf5s arrr6                H
 r/too of a second, intermediate speeds can be obtained
by placing the index (A) between two of the engraved                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ;I,{speeds. This remark does not apply to speeds higher                                                  ,t
                              than r/rooth of a second.The  Iris  d.iaphragm
Set the diaphragm scale indicator (E) to the number re-
                                                                                                                                        Jpresenting the aperture of the iris it is desired to use.                          ,{-!
When using the delayed
action release proceed as follows:
Instantaneous Work with the delayed action re-
                                         1/rooth of a second.lease for speeds from  l up to
Set shutter as previously described by means of lever (f).
Then push button (F) aside in the direction of the arrow
and move lever (/) a little farther on, till  it is arrested
a second time.
A pressure on lever (D) witl set the clock work of the de-
layed action release in motion and after about 12 seconds
the release will discharge the shutter at the set speed
indicated on dial (R).
N O T E. The delayed action release is notavailable for use with time exposures norfor speeds higher than                                 rh00 th of a second.When setting the shutter particularly when
using the delayed action release anil higherspeeds, it  is advisable to exert a counter-pressure on the shutter bearer in order to
avoid excessive rrear of the mechanism and of
the metal parts of the camera front.

    737                            in Germany
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