Zenith EM User manual

ZENIT-EM is a 35 mm reflex camera fitted with an instant return
mirror. It is designed for nraking various amateur and special kinds
of shooting on black-and-white or color films.
The camera has a built-in exposure meter using a photocell, a  t.tt-
timer, a shutter setting lever, a synchronizing device for flash bulbs
and electronic flash. The camera accepts interchangeable lenses with
M42xl thread and mechanical back focal distance of 45.5 mm.
With the help of extension tubes ZENIT-EM camera may be used for
reproduction works. It allows to take pictures of small'size objects
with large magnification and at short distances (macrophotography)
as well as to take pictures with the help of a microscope (microphoto'
graphy).

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ZENIT-EM camera has a number of certain advantages over the pre-
vious models:
-  the camera and HELIOS-44M lens are provided with a mechanismof automatic pre-set diaphragm. The shutter release button being
pressed, the diaphragm automatically closes to the pre-set value;
-  Fresnel lens and diaphragm, fully open at the moment of viewing,ensure uniform image brightness of the object to be photographed in
the viewfinder; micropyramids in the centre provide for perfect image
sharpness;
  exposed film is rewound with the shutter disengaging bush being-fixed;
- a new kind of a take-up spool simplifies the process of film loading;
-  the back door lock latches automatically;                                     camera  eyeS, makes the camera-  the carrying strap, attaclied to thepossible to carry without its case.

ATTENTION!
The present Instructlon Manual contains the basic 'characteristics and
essential operating principles of ZENIT-EM camers, but it can not bc
regarded as a hand-book on photography.
Before using the camera make thorough study of its handling rules
given in the present Manual.
Due to ever-advancing development in camera construction, minor
differences may occur between the text and your camera.
Load and unload the camera in subdued light avoiding direct sun
rays.
Do not rotate the shutter speed dial within the interval between "8"
and "500".
Do not rotate the shutter release button for no reason to avoid disen-
gagement of the shutter cocking mechanism.
wind the shutter by two-three small turnings of the wlnding tever
until stop to avoid blank exposures.
Do not keep the camera for a long period of time with the shutter
cocked since this is likely to cause deterioration of the shutter.

iffiRfl I





                        I              lever; 2-self -timer release button; 3-release button with           -self-timer        bush for cable release; 4-flash unit connector socket; 5-photocell


\-=-

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                                           Digitally signed by mike
                                   butkus
                                 DN: cn=mike butkus,  mike        o=orphancameras, ou=29,
                                   email=mike@butkus.org,
                              c=US
                                      Date: 2018.01.24 20:01:10  butkus -05'00'



                                        l?1*l'
  k      \r


O-synchronization dial; 7-shutter speed dial; 8-shutter disengaging
bush; 9-exposure counter dial; lO-exposure meter needle; ll-calcu-
lator pointer; t2-film sensitivity scale; l3-calculator shutter speed     scale; l4-calculator aperture scale; l5-film rewind knob

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23-lens mounting ring; 24-aperture scale; 25-depth-ol-field scate;
26-distance scale; 27-focusing ring; 28-dlaphragm setting rlng;
        29-automatic pre-set diaphragm lever; 3O-pusher
With the diaphragm lever set at index mark "A", the spring-loaded
d iaphragm operates in automatic mode. This device provides for
focusing with the diaphragm fully open. At pressing the shutter release
button the diaphragm automatically closes to a pre-set value.
To check the depth of  f ield set the diaphragm manually. In such
case bring the automatic diaphragm lever opposite to index mark "M"^
or press the shutter release button till a definite stop.

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 LOADING THE CAMERA
The camera  should be loaded in the  following
 order:
a) pull the lock latch upward to open  the back
 door;
b) pull ths film rewind knob up and  place the
cassette with film in its seat;
c) return the rewind knob to its original position
and fix it by turning in the direction-of the arrow;
d) pull the film loading end out of the cassette as
long as to the camera edge and insert it into the
groove         .o{ thp take-up spool in such a way that a
sprolket tooth would enter the film perforation hole;
e) close the back door;
f) cock the shutter by turning the lever as far asit will go and press the shutt-er release button. As
the shutter is cocked, the film is advanced by one
exposure. To transport nonexposed film to the film
gate, cock. the         two- times, pressing the               -shutterrelease button after each cocking.

Should the iilm be wound tightly in the cassette,
the film rewind knob will rotate when the shutter
is being cocked. If the film is loose in the cassette,
the film rewind knob will fail to rotate at the first
 f rames;
g) bring figure "0" of the exposure counter dial
opposite to the index mark. Set the exposure coun'
ter only when the shutter is cocked.

   SETTING THE FILM SENSITIVITY
On the film sensitivity scale there are figures lO,
12_,. _Q, .l_30, 250, 500, indicating fitm sensitivity in
|OCT-ASA units. The opposite side of the jcale
carries f.igures l3_,-16, 19, 22,2'o,28, indicating film
sensitivity in DIN grades.
To set film sensitivity (for example, 65 |OCT-ASA
units)., turn the diaphragm scate till figure 65 of
the film sensitivity scale-would appear Spposite to
the index mark oh the diaphragm^ scale.'The film
sensitivity is set in the same ivat' if the film ismarked in DIN grades.

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         COMPARATIVE TABLE
      OF FILM SENSITIVITY UNITS
 TOCT.ASA
16 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 130 t60 200 250 3?0 ,t00 500
13 14 15 16 17 18 t9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Dttt
EXPOS URE DETERIY1I NI NG
Direct the camera to an object to be photographed.
Match the calculator pointei with the'needi-e of ttre
exp.osure meter by turning the shutter speed scale.
Using the scales iind a nlmber of combinations of
shutter speeds and apertures. Each of these combi-
nations enables to obtain a negative of normal
density- Figures.,from 500 to 2 on the shutter speed
scale show shutter speed values in fractions 6f asecond and those from I to 30 show whole seconds.
Black figures on the shutter speed scale of the
calculator correspond to the figures of the shutter
speed scale of the shutter. ThJshutter speed and
the.appropr.iate                       chosen dependirig-      on the                -apertures
                                               co-rrespon-subject to be .photographed -should bedingly set on the camera and the lens.

For example, figure 125 of the shutte, ,0..J-scale
would mdtch ffure 5.6 of the aperture scale' It
means that with- the aperture of f/5.6 the shutter
speed of l/125 sec should be used; with the aperture
oi tl+    the shutter speed should be 1i250 sec;with the- aperture of f/8    l/60 sec and so on.                        -  to set the required aper-If necessaiy, it is possible
ture by a selected shutter speed.
Should the scales fail to match by half an interval,
the lens diaphragm ring should be set into a fixed
intermediate position in between the corresponding
values of the aperture scale.
Cases of sharply heterogeneous illumination of a
scene require special attention:
a) the main object of the scene is less illuminated
thantnan tnethe background.DacKgrouno. Such)ucn aa casecase usuallyusually, taKestakes
placeplace whenwhen takingtaklng picturesplctures againstagalnst sn(snow, sky or
waterwaterwater backsroundbackgroundbacKground lightedllgntedlishted withwithwltn thetherne sun.sun.sun.
ToTo obtainobtain thethe correctcorrect exposureexposure ofof thethe rmain (dark)
object open the diaphragm l-2  stops more as
compared with the exposure meter system reading;

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           the main object is more illuminated than the           ,b)
        DacKground (when photographing an illuminated         race ot _a person against a dark background and                                                                    -i;;        lo 9n) In such a iase ctose ttre affitri&;       l-2  stops.
          BRIGHTNESS MEASUREIT1ENT RANGE            OF EXPOSURE METER

                                                                      sec:                                      Shutter-"-:'   speed in         filq_se_nsitivity:rocr-ASA  ' DtN___
I        to       fq           rlg0 to l/5fl)     32                                           ii;m             !g        tru i;I     65   19     rgo   2?         rioottso a;i; ii;ooiFoo     250    21                 r',li26 to l'l5oo     500                                                  r'lzs} to                28 .        Beyo.nd                           range erpolur"               -the indicated                                           ."rr't.r'lioo a.-        termined by calculation taEles oi. in      olf,Ji",aV.                                   "nV
    SHUTTER SPEED SETTING
        Lift the shutter speed dial and turn it round its       axis until the required figure is opposite to-  t-fre

inrlt'r clot. Release the dial in such- a s'av that  it
wriultl drop inlo a Iixed position..
tractr iiguie, engravetl ,in the shutter speecl. dial,
                                              and.ori.rpd't,ls to i  ct'rtaitr fraction oI a second,
                                                             spee.d'                                       shutter                a hand-controlled              irrclicatcsletter      "'B"                                                          thc                                          opelr tilt              speed                             tlle shtrtter stavs            sltr-rtter,\t this
release button is Presserl.
                                                               setTo obtain a lrtng'clial('xposure ctlck tlte shutter,                                                   releasethe shtrtter speerl      at "8", press thebutton and turn it cottnter-clocku'ise as [ar as il
rvill go. 1'he expostlre over, return the button to its
nortrtal position.
Lrlrrg e\posures and "B" e\posure ar('recommenderl
to use riith the hclp o[ a tripod.
                 STOP SETTING
Tu obtain a necossarv aperture ntatch the index                                                                                                     I l; rurark u'ith one oI tlre figures (2; 2.8; 4; 5'6; 8;
 l6), engra','ecl on the diaphragm.. setting. ring.' .Forthis puip,,se rotate thc ring until a slight click is                                                        fixed i.r,,i,  r,1l.'i.1, it.iclicates thai the ring is in a
 oositiott.

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 In so doing you set the value, to which the diaph-
ragm will automatically close, when the shutter
release button is pressed (the diaphragm lever
 should be in the automatic mode position ''A"). The
diaphragm stays fully open untii the moment the
shutter release button is pressed.

FOCUSING
Focusing the lens as well as its setting by distance
scale is performed by turning the lEns- focusing
ring.
In the centre of the viewfinder eyepiece field of
view one can see a microraster with a- ground glass
ring. Turn the lens focusing rins untll the itaseseen in the circle (microrasler) ind ground glaisring becomes sharp.
In cases where several objects are to be included
in the shot and the distances between obiects and
the camera vary, the depth-of-field scale 6hould ba
used. The scale consists- of the lens aperture num-
bers repeated on each side of the main index martl.

When the diaphragm is set and the lens is focused,
the limits of depth of field can be read against
these number pairs on the distance scale.
For example, with the lens focused at 3 m and the
aperture set at f/8, the image of objects, placed
within the limits |rom 2.2 m to 4.5 m, will be-sharp
on the film. Approximate depth of field limits cah
be determined visually as well.
With the shutter release button pressed till definite
stop before the moment the shutter operates, the
diaphragm closes to the pre-set value. In  this
position it'is possible to determine what objects are
gharp in the viewfinder eyepiece field of vi6w.
When infrared film is used, the red dash with
letter "R" serves as the reading index of the lens
distance scale. After focusing tFe lens the distance
scale value, set against thJusual index mark on
the lens_, should be set against the red dash with
letter "N,".

PICTURE TAKING
To take a picture cock the shutter, set the shutter
speed and the aperture, having brought the auto-
matic diaphragm lever to a required position: "A"
   automatic mode or "M"   manual operation.-Focus the lens and smoothly-  press the release
button.

        UNLOADING THE CAMERA
When the exposure counter dial shows 36 shots, the
exposed film should be rewound into the cassette.
To do this:
a) press the film rewind knob and turn it against
the direction shown by the arrow. In so doing the
knob should go out of its seat;

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b) disengage the shutter mechanism by turning the
shutter disengaging bush in the direction, shown
by the arrow;
c) rotate the film rewind knob in the direction
shown by the arrow until the feel of the applied
force indicates that the end o[ the film has left the
spring of the take-up spool;
d) open the back door of the camera;
e) pull the film rewind knob upwards and remove
the cassette.

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OPERATING THE SELF-TIMER
To use the self-timer mount the camera on a tripcld,
cock the shutter and wind the self-timer mechanism
by turning its lever until it points straight down.
Set the shutter speed and focus the lens. Set the
required aperture, having changed preliminarily  the
diaphragm lever fronr the position of automatic
mode to that of manual operation (from "A" to
"M"). Press the self-timer release button till stop
and take 1'our place in front of the lens.
 l-he shutter operates in no less than 7 seconds alter
pressing the button.

OPERATION OF FLASH
                 SYNCH RONIZER
To take pictures in conditions of poor illumination
flash bulbs are used. To use a flash bulb set the
synchronization  dial opposite to letters "MF". When
an electronic flash is to be used, set the svnchro-
nization dial against letter "X". Setting the syn-
chronization dial see to it that the dial dash is
matched with the dash of index "MF" or index "X"
with the accuracy of half of a dash thickness.
Only the shutter speed of l/30 sec. (when gating
is full) may be used when photographing with
either flash bulbs or an electronic flash.
Hand-controlled exposure "B" is not desirable when
using flash bulbs, since a considerable amount of
stray light (after flash) gets into the camera and,
may result in a blurred image.
N o t e. When operating without flash bulbs, the
synchronization dial index mark should be set
against the release button.

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OPERATION WITH
INTERCHANGEABLE LENSES AND
PHOTOGRAPHING AT CLOSE
DISTANCE
The camera accepts various interchangeable lenses
provided with M42Xl mounting thread and mecha'
irical back focal distance of 45.5 mm, which are
designed for ZENIT type of cameras with focal
plane shutter.
HELIOS-I4M lens should be screwed in or out by
the lens mounting ring only.
If an interchanseible lens h-as'no automatic diaph-
ragm mechanisir, the diaphragm should be handled
manually.
When lohg focus lenses are used, a slight cutting
of the leff or right edges of the image on neg_ative
is likely to take-place. When using lenses MTO'500
and MTO-1000 th-e camera exposure meter can not be
used since the outer mount of these lenses overlaps
the photocell window.

With the help of a special stand the camera can be
used for making reproductions of drawings, manu-
scripts, photographs and so on. When making
reproduction works, use should be made of exten-
sion tubes by setting them between the camera
body and the lens. In so doing either one tube or a
combination of some tubes can be used.
When using extension tubes, the lens diaphragm
should be operated manually and the automatic
diaphragm lever should be set at index "M".