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Agfa Formulas for Photos Product booklet
Product booklet for Agfa Formulas for Photos. 32 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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- Agfa
- Model / document
- Agfa Formulas for Photos
- Document type
- Product booklet
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 32
- File size
- 1.8 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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G H E M I S T R Y F O R T H E ' P H O T O G R A P H E R
p H O T O G R A P H E R S e v e r y w h e r e worth while to consider first the compo- '
rcalize the importance which chem- sition and function of the developing
istry holds in photographic work, but solution to see what it contains and what
often consider the subject too formidable it does to effect development.
and involved for application to their own
When a photographic emulsion is ex- work. This discussion has been prepared
posed to light, the silver salt (silver bro- to help dispel that fear, and to show
mide, chloride or iodide) which the light that theoretical knowledge is unimpor-
reaches, undergoes a definite though in- tant if the photographer knows in a prac-
visible change to form what is known as tical rryay, what is in a developing or
the latent image. It is not yet definitelyfixing solution, why it is there and how
known just how this change takes place, it accomplishes its own particular job.
but it is believed that the exposed parts
The general structure of photographic of the emulsion gain a certain "activa-
film, its components of nitro cellulose tion" that makes them susceptible to the
(or acetyl cellulose) base, emulsion coat- reducing action of a developer. When
ing of gelatine which contains suspended placed in a developing solution the ex-
particles of light-sensitive silver salt, posed, "activated" particles of silver salt
and auxiliary layers for such purposes are reduced chemically to black metallic
as prevention of halation, are common silver, leaving the unexposed particles of
knowledge among photographers. The silver salt unchanged. Reduction in this
chemistry involved in this branch of the sense does not have the meaning com-
science is held under precise control by monly thought of in the photographic
the manufacturer and causes the photog- field, namely, the lessening of densit5r in
rapher little concern. Photographic a film negative. This chemical reduction
chemistry begins to affect the photog- is a conversion of the silver salt to free
rapher more directly in the developing silver and for the reaction one or more
and fixing operations carried out with rcducinp agents - which photographers
film and paper. It is therefore well call "developers," are necessarJr.View original page 3Page 4 · Read text
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THE DEVETOPER'sBASIC GO'NPONENT may use a larger ratio of metol to pro-
There are many chemicals which are duce softer results.
reducing agents, but most of them are It is obvious therefore, ttrat great
too powerful to be used for developing care should be taken in the preparation
because they reduce all the silver salt in of developing solutions, for a slight error
the emulsion without regard to the latent in the type or amount of the developing
image which exposure in the camera has agents (or the other constituents too, for
produced. Therefore a reducing agent that matter) may have a serious effect
must be selected which is satisfactory as on the behavior of the developer. Most
a developer and which confines its action successful photographers have found
to the exposed particles of silver salt, that it is far wiser to use the formulas
leaving the remainder unaffected. Of recommended by the manufacturer and
the reducing agents that are satisfactory to make sure solutions are carefully and
for photographic use, metol, hydroqui- accurately mixed, than to spend time
none and pyro are most commonly used, on individual experimenting or research.
and there are in addition other develop- The use of recommended formulas is
ing agents such as glycin, amidcil and undoubtedly one of the most important
rodinal frequently employed. There are helps to getting good results in film
also several developing agents on the development.
market under different names than
OTHER INGREDIENTSOF THE DEVELOPINGmetol, but which are basically the same soruTroN
chemical - monomethyl - para - amino - The function and importance of the
phenol-sulphate. developing agent in the developer have
As has been indicated, ttre chemical both been mentioned - but there are
action of these developing agents is fun- three other components which also play
damentally the same. The photographic an important role in any developing solu-
effect, however, depends to a large extent tion. The first of these is the alkali-
on tJle particular developing agent and which is ordinarily essential for develop-
the way in which it is used. Thus many ment. Most of the developing agents in
developers contain a combination of de- use today are neutral or slightly acid in
veloping agents, and one formula may their normal state, and in this condition
have, for example, a high percentage of give little or no developing action. How-
hydroquinone to produce brilliant pho- ever, when an alkaline salt like sodium
tographic images while another formula carbonate is introduced into the solution
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Y
containing the developing agent, a very specified, as too much may cause fog in
interesting change takes place. The de- developed negatives; too little may result
veloping agent forms what is called an in slow,soft development. It is important
alkaline salt which in a photographic to remember when using carbonate, that
sense is a more active material, and it is the potassium salt is generally available
this alkaline salt of the developing agent only in the anhydrous form, while the
that actually reduces the exposed grains more generally used sodium salt can be
of silver salt to metallic silver. The alkali obtained as (r) the anhydrous salt con-
has a secondary effect in the developing taining about z/6 water, (z) the mono-
solution which is also important. It helps hydrated salt containing about r5/s wa-
the gelatine emulsion to swell and thus ter, or (S) in crystal form containing
facilitates the penetration of the devel- about 6S7o water. The anhydrous and
oping solution throughout the network crystalline forms are both unstable at
layer of the'emulsion. ordinary conditions of temperature and
It is obvious that the alkali is a really humidity, and must be kept in tightly
important component of the developing sealed containers and used with great
solution and it is likewise evident that care to prevent considerable absorption
care must be exercised in using the right of water from the atmosphere by the an-
kind and correct amount of alkali. So- hydrous salt, or loss of water by the crys-
dium carbonate is normally recom- talline form. The monohydrated form
mended though potassium carbonate is of sodium carbonate is stable and there-
sometimes used in its place. The caustic fore preferred by most photographers
alkalis, sodium hydroxide and potassium for accurate preparation of developing
hydroxide, should not be substituted un- solutions.
less definitely specified as they are much THE TIVIPORTANGEOF A PRESERVATIVE
stronger and can easily cause fog. Nor- It is a characteristic of many photo-
mally they are used only in special-pur- graphic reducing agents in alkaline so-
pose developers giving high contrast. lutions to combine freely and easily
Borax and similar alkalis which are less with oxygen. Because of this "hunger"
energetic are often specified for fine-grain for oxygen, alkaline solutions of the de-
development in which grain size must be veloping agents spoil very quickly when
controlled by softer development. exposed to air. To increase their useful
The amount of alkali should of course life, to allow the developing agent to do
be weighed accurately to the amouqt its work on the exposed silver halide asView original page 5Page 6 · Read text
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/
desired, and to prevent the occurrence action of the restrainer is such that an
of stains, a preservative must be added increase in the concentration of potas-
to the developing solution. sium bromide in the developer tends to
slow down or "restrain" the development Sodium sulphite is ordinarily used as
the preservative, though in developers of the photographic image. The concen-
prepared for stock in two solutions, pr€- tration of potassium bromide in the solu-
servatives which are slightly acid in so- tion is obviously important, for too much
lution such as sodium bisulphite and po- may retard development excessively and
tassium metabisulphite are preferred. indicate an apparent loss of speed while
Because developing agents keep better in too little may permit development of fog.
acid solution than in one which is alka-
THE IMPORTANCE OF A SHORT STOP
line, it is common practice to use one of
As negatives or prints are removed these acid sulphites as the preservative
from the developing solution they carry in the developer part of the stock solu-
with them considerable amounts of al- tion. In single-solution developers, so-
kali and other chemicals which can con- dium bisulphite is never used alone as a
taminate the fixing bath and interfere preservative since it neutralizes some of
with its action. ffsed-up developer car- the alkali in the solution and would re-
ried along with negatives and prints can sult in softer development. One other
also cause troublesome stains if sorne interesting point about preservatives is
method is not used to stop development that in some cases the preservative per-
instantly and completely. The best and forms a secondary function in the devel-
most reliable way of doing this is the oper. fn some fine-grain developers, for
well-known short-stop bath of dilute instance, a large amount of sodium sul-
acetic acid which neutralizes any alkali phite is used to aid in keeping grain size
remaining on negatives or prints and pre- at a minimum.
vents contarnination of the fixing solu-
The fourth and final important com- tion. Yet it is surprising how many
ponent of the typical developing solution photographers still try to get along with-
is the restrainer, potassium bromide. out this intermediate bath between de-
This necessary constituent of the devel- velopment and fi,xation. It is true that
oping solution acts as a "brake" on the an acid fixing bath will give satisfactory
chemical reaction of development and results without the use of a preliminary
keeps the operation under control. The short-stop bath, but its useful life is se-
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verely limited when a short-stop is not monly known as "hypo" (from its older
used. name of sodium hyposulphite), for in
Photographers frequently ask why solution this useful chemical has the
acetic acid is used for the short-stop property of dissolving light-sensitive sil-
bath and fi.xing bath instead of other ver salts. The method by which the
common acids like hydrochloric or sul- silver salt is removed is generally con-
phuric. The answer lies in the fact that sidered as, first, a conversion to a soluble
a relatively large amount of acid must double salt by the hypo, and second, the
be available but the solution must not washing out of this soluble salt with
be too strongly acid. Consequently a water.
compound is used which is weak in acid- The conventional fixing solution gen-
ity but which has available a high erally contains other chemicals in addi-
reserve of acid to neutralize alkali. A tion to the hypo. Acetic acid is often
correspondingly larger amount of the included to aid in regulating the acid-
weak acetic acid may therefore be used ity of the fixing solution and to pre-
than could be used of a strong acid. vent stains. I{owever, a hypo solution
containing much acid is apt to precipi-
GOMPOSITION AND FUNCTION OF THE
tate sulphur, so another chemical, so- FIXING BATH
dium sulphite, is added to prevent this
The procedure of fixation is relatively
unwanted reaction.
simple but it should be carried out with
An additional component of the usualconsiderable care as it can be the source
fixing bath is the hardening agent whichof much trouble when improperly han-
prevents frilling and softening of thedled. The photographic film negative
gelatine emulsion. White potassiumupon removal from the developing solu-
tion is still sensitive to light, as it con- alum (potassium aluminum sulphate) is
tains undeveloped silver salt in the usually employed for this pulpose
shadow portions of the image. To make though some photographers prefer potas-
the negative image permanent by re- sium chrome alum used with a small
moving this undeveloped silver salt, as amount of sulphuric acid. Care must be
well as to make it clear and transparent used with chrome alum as the hardener,
for printing, the action of the familiar however, as it rapidly loses its strength
fixing bath must be employed. The and is only truly effective when a fresh
principle constituent of the fixing soilu- solution is used.
tion is sodium thiosulphate, more com- Fixing baths will seldom if ever give
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trouble when properly prepared from commercial grades of every chemical
pure chemicals. If a bath turns milky used in photographic processes can be
after preparation it indicates that obtained, but many of them contain im-
sulphur is precipitating because of too purities which are detrimental to perfect
much or too strong an acid, too little results. Chemicals which are marked
sulphite, too high a temperature of the "C.P." (Chemically Pure) and those
solution, or improper mixing. A milky which are marketed for photographic
appearance of the bath during use is due purposes by reliable manufacturers are
to the presence of excess alkali and indi- always safe to use, and can be depended
cates that the bath should be replaced. upon. Chemicals marked U.S.p. may
It is important not to overwork the fixing be suitable if the amount of impurity
bath, because a nearly exhausted fixing present is known to be insignificant. This
solution will not completely remove the can be determined by looking up the
silver salts, and prints or negatives may U.S.P. standards for the chemical in
turn yellow or stain on aging. A gallon question by consulting the edition of the
of standard strength fixing bath should United States Pharmacopia, tenth edi-
fix roo 8 x ro" double-weight prints or tion (1925) or eleventh edition (rggS)
their equivalent. When the bath froths as indicated by the number X or XI
or foams it should be replaced. Many which follows the U.S.P. on the chemical
photographers have found a convenient, container label.
certain and economical method of insur-
The second most important rule foring complete fixation lies in the use of
trouble-free solutions is perhaps that oftwo fixing solutions. Fixing is carried . mixing all components of a solution inout first in the more used of the two baths
the order listed in the formula. This isand finally in the fresher solution. When
extremely important and lack of atten-the older bath becomes exhausted, the
tion to this point can easily result in thepartly used solution takes its place and a
formation of precipitates which will notfresh fixing bath is prepared for the sec-
dissolve in the solution. A worth-whileond solution.
corollary to this rule is to wait until each
SUGGESTIONSFOR TROUBIE.FREE'VIIXING chemical is thoroughly dissolved before
The first and perhaps most important adding the next component of the solu-
point to follow in the preparation of solu- tion. In most single-solution developers
tions is that of using chemicals which the preservative sodium sulphite is usu-
are "photographically pure." Cheap ally added immediately after the devel-
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oping agent but before the hydroquinone quart of developer, for instance, is to
if this chemical is used. When two de- start with about z4-z8 ounces of hot wa-
veloping agents such as metol and hy- ter (r25" F.) and after the addition of all
droquinone are used, the addition is chemicals, to add sufficient cold water to
generally made in the order metol, sul- bring the total volume up to 32 ounces.
phite, hydroquinone. Flowever, with Another point well worth remember-
developing agents like glycin, the sql- ing is that of weighing and measuring
phite and carbonate are dissolved fi.rst' all quantities as closely as possible. Par-
as the glycin dissolves with great dififr- ticular care should be taken to avoid
culty otherwise. errors in small quantities, as a ten-grain
A third important rule for any pho- error is obviously a very serious one on
tographer is to use the purest water ob- a fifty-grain quantity, while on a half-
tainable. fnnumerable troubles in de- pound quantity it might not have harm-
veloping and fixing have been traced to ful effects.
impurities present in the water. Many Finally and no less important for the
photographers find it a wise decision to order in which it is mentioned, is the
use distilled water for all stock solutions, matter of temperature. The need for
adding tap water for dilution. uniform regulation of temperature in all
The time required for the preparation processing solutions, and the mainte-
of processing solutions can be reduced nance of temperatures as close as pos-
materially by the use of hot water (about sible to 65o Fahrenheit (r8" C.) for film
rz5o F.) as most chemicals dissolve development and to 7oo Fahrenheit
more rapidly in hot than in cold water. (zro C.) for photographic prints, cannot
A convenient method of preparing one be over-emphasized. tle
IIl
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D E V E l O P I N G F O R M U I A S
AGTA 47
METOL HYDROGIUINONEDEVEIOPER
(Formerly 47o)
This is a long-life, clean-working formula which will give excellent results for eit-her tray or
tank development. It is a standard cut film developer.
Mekic Avoirdupois
Hot Water (ra5o F. or 52" C.) . .. . .Z5o cc. 24 ounces 3 quartr
Agfa Metol. .. . . r.S grams 22 grains 88 grains
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. ... ... 45 grams rl ounces 6 ounces
Agfa Sodium Bisulphite.. r gram 15 grains 6o grains
Agfa Hydroquinone. 3 grams 45 grains I oz.7o gr.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 6 grams 88 grains I oz. zo gt.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. .8 gram ra grains 47 grains
Water to make. .. . . .. . r liter Jz ounces r gallon
For developing times below, do not dilute for use.
TANK DEVELOPMENT: Normal development time, 6 to 8 minutes at 65" F. (r8o C.) with
occasional agitation. TRAY DEVELOPMENT: Normal development time 5 to 7 minutes at
6 5 " F . ( r 8 " C . ) .
AGFA 6I
't,I.H TRAY DEVETOPER
This developer is recommended for use with commercial film to produce negatives of normal
contrast. It may also be used satisfactorily for roll, pack and cut film for negatives of average
brilliance.
Mctric Avoirdupois
Hot Water (r25" F. or 52" C.) . :...7So cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Metol. .. . . r gram 15 grains 6o grains
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. rS grams ounce a ounces
Agfa Hydroquinone. 2 grams 30 grains il oz. ro gr.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . r5 grams }ounce 2 ounces
Agfa Potassium Bromide. .. r gram 15 grains 6o grains
Water to make. . r liter gz ouncelr r gallon
Do not dilute for use. Normal development time, 4 to 6 minutes at 65oF. (r8'C.).
t5View original page 15Page 17 · Read text
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D E V E I . O P I N G F O R M U L A S
AGFA 72
GTYCIN DEVETOPER
This formula is recommended, for use with commercial films in reproduction work and is also
suitable for development of roll, pack and cut film.
Sfock Solution
Metric Avoirdupois
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. 4| ounces r lb. r oz.
Agfa Potassium Carbonate ...25o grams 8} ounces z lb. z oz.
A g f a G l y c i n . . . . . : . . . . 5 0 g r a m s t* oz.8o gr. 6* ounces
W a t e r t o m a k e . o r r r i . . . . : . . . . . . . . . r l i t e r g2 ounces r gallon
TANK DEVELOPMENT: Take one part stock solution, fifteen parts water and develop ao
to 25 minutes at 650 F. (r8'C.). TRAY DEVELOPMENT: Take one part stock solution, four
parts water and develop 5 to ro minutes at 65" F.(r8' C.).
,,.";'J:lJ,.o,=*
This formula is recommended for development of Direct Copy and Direct Duplicating Films
to obtain results of normal brilliance.
S/ock Solution
Metric Avoirdupois
Hot Water (ra5o F. or S2o C.) ZSo cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Metol. ... . 75 grains t oz.75gt.
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous... ........35 grams r oz. ISgr. 4t oz.8o gr.
Agfa Hydroquinone. 3 grams 45 grains I oz.7o gr.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .. . 30 grams r ouncc 4 Ounces
Agfa Potassium Bromide. r gram 15 grains 6o grains
Water to make. r liter 32 ounces r gallon
'
For use dilute one part stock solution with one part water.
Normal developing time 5 minutes at 65" F. (rg. C.).
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D E V E T O P I N O ? O R f i I U I A 3
' AGEA 7e (TWO SOIUTION)
PARAFORMAIDEHYDEDEVETOPER
This is a standard formula recommended for development of Reprolith and Reprolith Ortho
Films. Agf.a 79 may be obtained in packaged form ready-to-use by ordering "Paralith Developer."
This developer has better keeping quality than when made in one solution.
Solution r
Metric Avoirdupois
Water. . . .75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. I gram 15 grains 6o grains
Agfa Paraformaldehyde. .. . .. 30 grams r ounce 4 ounces
Agfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . . . . ro.5 grams I oz. 45 gt. rl oz.6o gr.
W a t i r t o m a k e . . . . . . . . r l i t e r 3 2 o u n c e s r g a l l o n
Solution z
Water. . . .75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . .. . .,tzo grams 4 ounces r pound
Agfa Boric Acid. 30 grams r ounce 4 ounces
Agfa Hydroquinone.
n A g f a P o t a s s i u m B r o m i d e . . . . . . . . . . . 6 g r a m s 8 8 g r a i n s 2 o z . z o g t .
Water to make. . 3 liters 96 ounces 3 gallons
' For use mix one part Solution r with three parts Solution a.
Normal development time a to 3 minutes at 65 to Zoo F. (r8 to zro C.).
AGFA 79 (ONE sOlUflON)
PARAFORI'IATDEHYDEDEVEIOPER
This single solution formula is recommended for greater convenience. For better keeping
quality the two solution formula is preferred.
2
, Metric Avoirdupois
Water. ..2ooo cc. 64 ounces
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. . .. . .. ,zo grams 4 OUnCeS
Paraformaldehyde. 30 grams r ounce
Agfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . ro.5 grams I oz. 45 gr.
Agfa Boric Acid Crystals. . 30 grams I OUnCe
Agfa Hydroquinone. 90 grams 3 OUnCeS
Agfa Potassium Bromide. .. 6 grams 88 grains
Water to make. . ... .. , 4 liters r gallon
Dissolve chemicals in the order given and use solution full strength. Normal development
time z to 3 minutes at 65o to 7oo Fahrenheit (r8 to zro C.).
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D E V E T O P I N G F O R M U I , A S
AGFA TO3
UNIVERSAT FIt't[ AND PAPER DEVEIOPER
(FormerlyN-lO3,t
This formula may be used both as a developer for film and as a developer for Convira and
Brovira papers when cold, blue-black tones are desired. It may be had in package form by
ordering Agfa ro3 Developer.
Slock SolutionF Metfic Avoirdupois
Hot Water (rz5o F. or 52'C.) ....75o cc. 24 OUnCeS 3 quarts
Agfa Metol. .... 3.5 grams 5o grains ], oz. 95 gr.
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . . . . .., 57 grams r*, oz.50 gr. 7i ounces
Agfa Hydroquinone. .., rr.5 grams t oz. 55 gr. rl ounces
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. .., 78 grams . zL o2.35 gr. rotr ounces
Agfa Potassium Brgmide. r.2 grams r8 grains 72 grains
Water to make. ...{.. r liter 32 OUnCeS r gallon
FILM: Dilute one part stock solution with two parts water. Normal development time 5
minutes at 650 F. (r8'C.).
For Convira or Brovira, and similar contact and bromide papers dilute r part stock solution
with z parts water. Develop t to {f minutes at 7o" F. (zr" C.).
For slower, softer fevelopment of Brovira clilute r to 4, Develop r/2 to 3 minutes, at
Z o o F . ( z r ' C . ) .
AGFA 1063 vl|ARfiI-TONE DEVETOPERFOR. CHIOR,IDE PAPER
k This developer is recommended for producing(FormerlyN-86)pronounced warm, olive-black tones with Con-
vira and other Chloride Papers.
Metric Avoirdupois
Hot Water (ra5o F. or s2o C.) ... ..ZSo cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
p AgfaAgfa Metol.Sodium .. Sulphite,. . anhydrous. . . rr.5.Z gramgrams ro.5* oz.6ograins gr. 4ar* oz.20grains gt,
Agfa Hydroquinone. 3.S grams 50 grains I oz. 95 gr.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. ... ro grams I oz. g5 gr. xl oz.3o gr.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. 2.4 grams 35 grains * oz.3o gt.
Water to make. ... ... . r liter 32 ounces r gallon
Do not dilute for use.
Normal development time, r minute at 7o" F. (zr'C.).
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D E V T t O P t N O ? O n m u t A g
AGFA ITO
DIRECT BROWN.BTACK PAPER DEVELOPER
(FormertyB-lO)
Beautiful warm tones may be obtained with this developer on both contact and projection
papers.
Sfock Solufion
Metric Avoirdupois
Hot Water (ra5" F. or S2o C.) .....75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quafts
Agfa Hydroquinone. ... 22.5 grams * ounce g ounceg
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. ....., ST grams r2 oz. So gr. 7* ounces
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. a. . ... .., 75 grams z* oz. ro ounces
Agfa Potassium Bromide. ... . i. 2.75 grams 40 grains I oz.5o gr.
Water to make. .. . .. . . r liter 32 ounces r gallon
For use dilute one part stock solution with 5 parts water.
Give prints 3 to 4 times normal exposure and develop from S to Z minutes at 7oo F. (zr" C.).
AGFA II3
A'I,IIDOL PAPER DEVETOPER
(FormertyAM-3)
. This formula is intended for tray development only and nzusf be mixed tresh each time. ft
ii recommended only for small lots of prints.
Metric Avoirdupois
Agfa Amidol. ... 6.6 grams 96 grains
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. .. ....., 44 gramg rI oz.9o gr.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. .S5 gram 8 grains
Water to make. ... ... . r liter 32 Ounces
Do not dilute for use. If hot water is used for dissolving chemicale the sodium sulphite and
potassium bromide should be dissolved first and the amidol added only after the solution has
cooled.
Develop r to e minutes at 7oo F. (zro C.).
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D E V E I O P t N G F O N T i U T A S
AGFA I25
DEVELOPERFOR BROIIIDE PAPER
(FormertyB-5)
This formula is rec-omme-nded -for development of Brovira and other--_-- projection papers. It
mav be obtained in package form by ordering Agfa ra5 D;;bp;;.
Sfoc/< Solution
Metfic Avoirdupois
Hot Water (re5" F. or 52" C.) . ....25o cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Metol. .. . . 3 grams 4s grains I i". 7o grs,
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . 44 grams r* ounces 6 ounces
Agfa Hydroquinone. r2 grams * oz.6o grs. r* oz.2o grs.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. 2 grams 3., grains f oz. rogrs.
Water to make. r liter 32 ounces r gallon
. ^{ot use, dilute r part stock solution with e parts water. Develop I to 2 minutes at 7oo F. ( z r ' C . ) .
For softer and slower development dilute r to 4, and devel op ry2 to 3 minut$ at ?oo F. ( z r ' C . ) .
For greater brilliance, shorten the exposure slightly and lengthen-the the development time.
For greater softness, lengthen the exposure slightly-ani sfrort"., development'time.
AGFA I3O
UNIVERSAI PAPER DEVETOPER
This formula is a universal developer for all projection and contact papers. It gives rich
black tones with excellent brilliat"" detail. Agti r3o provides unrrsuil iatitude in- develop-
ment and is clean-working even with "trldlong developing times-.
S/ocft Solution
Metfic Avoirdupois
I{ot water (rr5'F. or 5ao C.) . . 75o cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
A g f a M e t o l . . . . 2.2 grams 32 grains I oz. zo gra.
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous . .. So grams r* ounces 6* ounces
Agfa Hydroquinone rr grams I oz. 5o grs. r* ounces
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated 78 grams ei ounces ro* ounces
Agfa Potassium Bromide . . S.5 grams 8o grains il ounce
Agfa Glycin .... rr grams i[ oz. 5o grs. r1 ounces
Water to make. r liter 32 ounces r gallon
The prepared stock solution is clear but slightly colored. The coloration in this case does
not indicate the developer has deteriorated or is-unfrt for use.
For use dilute r part stock solution with r part water.
Normal developjng time_at_7oo F. (z:o C.) for Brovira and Portrait Enlarging 2 to 6 minutes,
for Indiatone, Convira and professionai Cyko r* to 3 minutes.
Greater contrast can be obtained by using the developer stock solution full strength. Softer
results can be obtained by diluting r part ltock solution *iif, e paiis-watet.
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D E V E 1 O P E R SA N D S H O R T S T O P S
AGFA T35
WARM.TONED PAPER DEVIIOPER
(FormerlyW-5)
This formula may be obtained in packaged form ready-to-use by ordering W-5 Developer.
This developer is recommended for rich, warm-black tones with chloride and bromide papers.
Stock Solution
Metric Avoirdupois
Hot Water (ra5o F. or 52" C.) ...,, 7So cc. 24 ounces 3 quarts
Agfa Metol. . ;. . r.6 grams 24 grains g6 grains
Agfa Sodium Sulphite, anhydrous. . . 24 grams t oz. zo grs. g* oz.
Agfa Hydroquinone. . 6.6 grams g6 grhins * oz. 6o grs.
Agfa Sodium Carbonate, monohydrated. 24 grams *oz.2ogrs. 3*oz.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. 2.8 grams 40 grains l[ oz. 5o grs.
Water to make. r liter 32 OunCeS r gallon
For use, dilute r part stock solution with r part water. A properly exposed print will be
fully developed at 7o" F. (zro C.) in about 11 to z minutes. Complete development may be
expected to take slightly longer with rough-surfaced papers than with semi-glossy or luster-sur-
faced papers. For greater softness, dilute the bath with water up to eqiral quantities of devel-
oper and water. To increase the warmth, add bromide up to double the amount in the formula.
The quantity of bromide specified in the formula, however, assures rich, warm, well-balanced
tbnes.
ACID SHORT.STOP BATH
, This solution is recommended for use between developer and fixer, to prevent staining of
film negatives and prints.
Metfic Avoirdupois
Acetic Acid z87o . : .. .. 45 cc. r$ ounces
Water to make. . r liter 32 ounces
Glacial Acetic Acid (gq.S/o) oray be diluted to the z8/o concentration by mixing three parts
of Glacial Acetic Acid with eight parts of water.
CHROME AIU'IA HARDENING BATH
This bath may be used in place of the regular acetic acid short-stop to give additional
hardening to film. It is particularly desirable in hot weather, for tropical development, and for
negatives which have to be enlarged wet.
Metric Avoirdupois
Agfa Potassium Chrome Alum
Water r liter 32 ounces
#, Films should be agitated thoroughly when immersed in the solution. Maximum hardening
will be obtained with about three minutes treatment.
The solution should be used fresh as it does not keep well. Formation of a greenish sludge
is an indication that the solution should be replaced by a fresh bath.
If the Chrome Alum used is such that a sludge is formed when the bath is first used an addi-
tion of concentrated Sulphuric Acid (a cc. per liter or * dram per 32 ounces) can be made to the
solution to overcome this condition.
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FIXING AND REDUCIN@FOR TUIAS
t s ,ltflq
rf AGFA 2O3 NON.HARDENING I'IETABISUTPHITEFIXER
This fixing bath is recommended for use when hardening is not desired. It is highly de-r# sirable for accuracy of registration in color work with Printon Film.
Metric Avoirdupois
Hypo ...r9oo grams 4 pounds
Agfa Potassium Metabisulphite. . ... 27o grams 9 OUnCeS
Water to make. 4 liters r gallon
The Metabisulphite should be added only when the Hypo solution is cool. Do not dilute
for use. Normal fixing time 5 to ro minutes at 65" F. (r8'C.).
FARINER'SREDUCER
This is a cutting reducer for lessening the density of heavy negatives and at the same time
increasing their contrast. . ft is especially valuable for reproduction films to clear the whites.
Solution t
Metric Avoirdupois
F { y p o . . . . . ; . . . . . 2 4 o g r a m s 8 ounces
Water to make. . r liter 32 ounces
Solution z
Agfa Potassium Ferricyanide. .. . ... rg grams I oz. 55 gr.
Water to make. .25o cc. 8 ounces
For use mix one part Solution a and four parts Solution r in 3z parts water. Solutions r
and a should be stored separately and mixed immediately before use.
FTATTENING REDUCER
This reducer is useful for lessening the density and contrast of heavy negatives.
Solution z
Mettic Avoirdupois
Agfa Potassium Ferricyanide. .. . ... 35 gramt t 02.75 grs.
Agfa Potassium Bromide. ro grams I oz.4o gts.
Water to make. . r liter 32 Ounces
Bleach in Solution r and after thorough washing, redevelop to desired density and contrast in
Agf.a 47 or other negative developer except fine-grain developers. fhen fix and wash in usual
rnanner. Conduct operation in subdued light.
27
tffi
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INTENSIFYING FORfiIUIAS
IIERCURY INTENSIFIER
This intensifier is recommended for increasing the printing density of tfiin, flat negatives.
Metfic Avoirduwis
Agfa Potassium Bromide. ro grams I oz. 35 gr.
{'Mercuric Chloride. .. ro grams I o2.35 gr.
Water to make. r fiter I 32 Ounces
Do not dilute for use. Negatives to be intensified must be very tfioroughly washed first or
yellow stains may result on the intensified negative. Immerse negatives in above solution until
thoroughly bleached to the base of the film and then wash in water containing a few drops of
hydrochloric acid. Redevelop bleached negatives in s/o Sodium Sulphite or any standard
developer. Surface scum which forms during storage of the bleaching solution does not affect
the bleacher but should be removed before using the solution.
* Poison-Danger.
. 'YIONCKHOVEN'S INTENSIFIER
rhis rormura gives very srea:i::"H::::t::rt::*. ror rine drawing and harrtonc
reproduction work.
Solution z
Metdc Avoirdupois
Agfa Potassium Bromide. 23 gfams I ounce
x Mercuric Chloride. 23 grams I ounce
Water to make r liter 32 Ounces
Solution z
Cold Water.,... . .. .. A r liter OUnCes 32* Potassium Cyanide. grams .. , 23 t ounce
Agfa Silver Nitrate. .., 23 grams I ounce
The silver nitrate and the potassium cyanide should be dissolved in'separate lots of water,
and the former added to the latter until a permanent precipitate is produced. The mixture
is allowed to stand r5 minutes, and after filtering, forms Solution a.
Place negatives in Solution r until bleached through, then rinse and place in Sdlution z. If
intensification is carried too far, the negative may be reduced with a weak solution of hypo.
* wARNTNG-Because of the deadly poisonous nature of this intensifier, it chould be used
with care and bottles containing it should be suitably marked. Never mix cyanide solutions with
acids or use them in poorly ventilated rogrrls. Discard wqste solutions inlo running wafeg.
2E
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INTENSIFYING AND TONINC FOR'IIUIAS
GHR,O'IIIUftTINTENSIFIER
This formula is recommended because it is *"""T:;;' '." and sive;"T;;:it results'
Agfa Potassium Bichromate. . . . ... ... ... '| , *,.-" *t --t""
Hydrochloric Acid. 6 cc' r'6 drams
Water to make. r liter 32 ounces
Immerse negatives in this solution until bleached, wash for 5 minutes in running water,
and redevelop in bright but diffused light in a Metol Hydroquinone developer such as Agfa
No. +?. Negatives should then be given a r5-minute wash before drying. Intensification may
be repeated for increased effect.
If any blue coloration of the film base is noticeable after intensification, it may be easily
removed by washing the film for two or three seconds in water containing a few drops of ammonia,
in a S7o solution of potassium metabisulphite, or in a 57o solution of sodium sulphite. This
treatment should be followed by a thorough washing in water.
AGFA 22I
SEPTATONER
- This toner is recommended for warm-brown sepia tones.
Solution t
Metric Avoirdupois
, roTo Potassium Ferricyanide Solution ....5oo cc. 17* fluid oz.
I ro/sPotassium Bromide Solution.... .....roo cc. 3] fluid oz.
ro% Sodium Carbonate Solution. .. .2oo cc. 7 fluidoz.
Water .. .2oo cc. 7 flwidoz.
Do not dilute for use.
Solution z
Agfa Sodium Sulphide. .. . ... 45 grams 14 ounces
Water to make. .,.... .5oo cc. 16 ounces
For use as described b'elow, dilute one part solution z with eight parts water.
IMFORTANT-Be sure to use Sodium Sulphide, not Sodium Sulphite, in compounding tJre Re-
Developer. Also, use clean trays, free from exposed iron spots, especially with Bleaching Bath.
Otherwise blue spots may form on prints.
. Prints should be washed thoroughly and then bleached in Solution r until the black imase is
converted to a very light brown color (about r minute). Prints should then be washed for ro to
15 minutes and redeveloped in diluted Solution z.
Redevelopment should be complete in about r minute. After redevelopment the prints should
be washed for about 3o minutes and then dried. If the toner should leave sediment which
results in streaks or finger marks on the surface of the paper tJre print should be immersed for
a few seconds in a S7o solution of acetic acid. A washing of about ro minutes after this procedure
is necessary.
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In ordering chemicals be sure to specify AGFA "Laboratory-
Tested" Chemicals. Prepared especially for photographic use,
. Agfa Chemicals are clean, free running, easily soluble and of highest
purity. Consult catalog P-S6 or price list P-rz for complete listing
of Agfa Photographic Chemicals.
.
J If you prefer the convenience and time-saving advantages of
prepared developers, ask your dealer for AGFA prepared develop-
ers and fixers. Supplied in several sizes, these prepared chemicals
are ready-mixed and need only to be dissolved in water to make
them ready for use. The following are a few of the preparations
available:
AGFA 17 (Fine-Grain) Developer
AGFA r7A Replenisher
' AGFA 47 Developer "
AGFA 47A Replenisher
AGFA ro3 (N-ro3) Developer for Film and Paper
AGFA ra5 (B-S) Paper Developer
, AGFA r3S (W-5) Paper Developer
AGFA 3ao Deep'Tank Developer
AGFA 32oA Deep-Tank Replenisher
AGFA Acid Hypo
AGFA Rapid Fixer
AGFA Rodinal
AGFA Direct Sepia Toner
AGFA Brovira Toner
AGFA Mercury Intensifier
A G F A A N S C O C O R P O R A T I O N
B I N G H A M T O N , N . Y .
Pl9-98-20 1[:. r. M. REG.
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From the M. Butkus Camera Manual Library. Original publisher and archive notices are retained.
Check the model and edition against your equipment.
PDF verified 2026-10-10.