Kodak Stereo No. 1 User manual

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          Picture taking with the
     STE,REO
    .KODAK
             Moonr-





                                    Publ,ished, by
        EASTMAN KODAK co.
                       Rocnesrnn, N. Y.
,\.

Picture tak,ing with the
STEREO KODAK
      Moopr No. 1





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               e





                Published by
 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
            RocnBsren, N. Y.

S tereo Kodak
              Model No. I
            For Stereo Pictures
pIEFORE loading or attempting to take any pic-
I-D tures with the Kodak read the following direc-
tions carefully and become thoroughly familiar with
the instrument, taking special care to learn how to
                                                                                                                                                   -operate the shutter. Work it for both time and in-
stantaneous exposures several times before threading
up the film.
  A most important thing to be remembered  is that
no white light (including gas or lamp light) should
reach the film for a fractional part of a second until
it has been developed and fixed. Therefore, extreme
care must be used to keep the duplex paper wound
tightly on the spool so as to protect the film while
loading and unloading the Kodak.  It is best to select
some place where the light is not too bright, to insure
safety.
        Loading the Kodak
  The film for the Stereo Kodak, Model No. 1, is
known as No. 2 Bulls-Eye cartridge, size 31k*3%,
No. 101, and is put up in light-proof cartridges so
that the camera can be loaded and unloaded in day-
light. It is best that this be done in a subdued light,
not in bright sunlight. After the seal is broken, it
must be borne in mind that care must be taken to
keep the duplex paper tight, otherwise  it may slip
and loosen sufficiently to fog the film.
  1. To open the Kodak, grasp the instrument with
the left hand, and remov.e the back by pressing in
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simultaneously with the thumb and second finger of
the right hand on the two metal catches, then lift up
the back.
  2. The Kodak having been opened, an empty
spool with a slit in it will be found in the winding
end of the camera. This is the reel onto which the
film is wound after exposure. The full spool of film
is to be placed in the chamber at the opposite end of
the Kodak. To accomplish this pull out spool pins
at each end of empty chamber until the inside ends
are flush with the inside of the spool chamber.
  3. Place the film cartriclge into the chamber so
the duplex paper unwinds from the outside or off
the top.
  Be careful to get the top of the spool at the top
of the camera. The top is the winding side of the
camera. Each cartridge is marked with the word
"Top",on the duplex paper near the top of the spool.
If the cartridge  is inserted wrong end up, the duplex
paper instead of the filn will come toward the lens,
resulting, of course, in the absolute loss of the pic-
tures.
  4. Push the spool center pins back to their original
positions. The center pins now act as an axis for the
spool to turn on.
  5. Remove the gummed slip that holds the end of
duplex paper; pass the paper over the aluminum roll-
ers and thread into the slit in the windins reel. Turn
the key one or two slight turns-just enoLrgh to bind
the paper on the reel-and no more.
  Be careful that the duplex paper is started straight
for should one edge bear against the flange harder
than the other, it will not wind evenly and will cause
trouble. See that it is perfectly centered.
  6. Replace the back on the Kodak, being careful
to put it on right side up (the wide catch at the top),
and snapping the springs at the top and bottom fully
                          6

into place. Care should always be taken to handle
         the back of Kodak carefully, especially when it  is
         detached from canrera, as even a slight bencl would
          nrake it fit badly, resulting very probably in a leak-
         age of light and consequent loss of film.
           Throughout the foregoing from the time the gum-
       med slip is cut on the fresh roll of film until the
        Kodak is closed, see that the duplex paper is wound
           tightly on the spool. If the paper is allowed to loosen,
           light will be admitted and the film will be fogged.
            7. Turn the winding key slowly until the figure 2
         appears exactly in the center of the red window in
         the back of Kodak, which signifies that the film is
            in position for the first exposure.
           For all exposures use even numbers,  i. e., 2, 4, 6,
          8, 10, 72, as each Stereo exposure makes two sepa-
          rate negatrves.
           - Press in slightly on the winding key when turning              it so as to make sure that the web on the kev stavi
           rvithin the slot in the top of spool.
           Load your Kodak with Kodak Film
            Look for this Trade Mark on the box




                 " If  it isn't Eastman
                                it ,isn't Kodah Film."
k,*

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       Operating the Shutter
   'I-hc scalc at thc bottonr of the shutter indicates
the openings of the Iris rliaphragnr, accorrling to thc
"-f." systeur.  'l'hc top scale of the shuttcr indicates
the cliffcrcnt spccds that can be usecl u'-hen making
exDosures,
  Wh"tr the inclicator "A" is nlaced over the letter
"T", tinle exposure of any  cl uration nray be macle.
Press the push-pin at cncl of cable relezrse "D" or
push dorvn on fingcr rclease "C" to open the shutter.
Time the exposure by a rvatch. l)ress thc push-pin
or finger release again to close thc shutter.
  "Bulb" or short tin'rc cxposures are mercle by plac-
ing the inclicator "A" over thc lcttcr "B".   Press
the push-pin "D" or finger release "C" to open the
shutter ancl release it to close the shutter. This
mahes the exposttra. Thc shutter  r,l'ill remain open
as long as the push-pin or release "C--" is uncler
pressrlre.
  The gracluations, 25, 50 ancl 100. represent the
specds of thc shuttcr for instantancous exposures.
  NOTE-Thc  lever "A"  should bc used at 100, only when
taking rnovir.rg objects in briglrt sunshine, and lever "8"  must
alrvays bc placed at f .7.7 rvhen taking this kind of a picture.
                            d

When making instantaneous exposures the camera
may be held in the hands. If time or "bulb" ex-
 posures are to be made, place the camera upon-   some firm support, like a tripod, table or chair.
  The shutter is self setting and works automati-
 cally. - Exposures are made by pressing push-pin atend of cable release "D" or pushing down on r-elease
"C". Avoid making too sharp a 6end in the cable
release as by doing so it will be liable to kink. Be
sure to hold the camera rigid, as a slight jarring will
cause a blurred negative.
        Stops or Diaphragms
_ The stop or diaphragm  is the opening which regu-Iates the amount of light passing through the lens.
  The opening for the lens aperture can be reduced
or enlarged in accordance with the strength of light
at the time when making an exposure.
  f-7.7-For instantaneous exposures on slightl5t cloudy days,
usingf.ll-Forspeed 25.all ordinarg instantaneous exposures when the sun
shines and use speed 25.
  f.16-For instantaneous exposures when the sunlight is un-
usually strong and there are no heavy shadows, such as in views
on the seashore or on the water, using speed 50; also, for interior
"Time" exposures, the time for which is giveir in the table on
pages 15 and 16.
  f.22-For instantaneous exposures of extremely distant views,
marine or snow scenes or clouds, in bright sunshine, using speed
25; also for "Time" exposures.
  l,32and 45-For interiors. Neaer for inslantaneous  exoosures.
For "Time" exposures outdoors in cloudy weather. The time
required for "Time" exposures on cloudy days with smallestgtop will range from rl  secotd to 5 seconds, according to theIight. The smaller the stop the sharper the picture.
   Absolute failure will be the result if you use tlire smallest
stop for instantaneous exposures.
    Use Stop f.ll and Speed 25
  For all ordinary out-door work when the sun is
bright, use stop/.11 and use speed 25. If a smaller



                                                                                                        cn=mike butkus,                          9  mike                      DigitallyDN:o=orphancameras,signed by mike butkus                                                                                                                            ou=29,
                                                                                                               email=mike@butkus.org, c=US
                                                                                                                        Date: 2018.10.02 17:25:01 -04'00'                     butkus

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stop is used for ordinary snapshots, the light will be
so much reduced that it will not sufficiently impress
the image on the film and failure will result.
  When making portraits out of doors, when the
sun is shining bright, place the subject in the shade
of a building or large tree, but with clear and un-
obstructed sky overhead-then use stop f .7.7 anduse speed 25. By following this rule unpleasant and
distorting shadows on the face will be avoided.
  In views on the water when the sunlight is un-
usually strong and there are no heavy shadows, dia-
phragnr  f .16 and speed 50 may be used.
    If a smaller stop opening than/.16 is used for snap-
shots absolute fa'ilure zuill result, except that f .22 may
be used for extremely distant views, marine or snow
scenes or clouds, in bright sunshine, using speed 25.
      To Focus the Kodak
  Open the bed by pressing the hidden button on
the top of the Kodak. Pull the bed down until the
side brace springs lock it, so it is firm.
  Do not allow the sun to shine directlv on the lenses
with the bellows folded-this will fog the film and
cause a white spot or moon on the center of the print.
  Grasp the lever at the bottom of the front stand-
ard and extend the bellows by pulling out the front
to the limit of motion, then clamp the front by push-
ing the lever to the left. The indicator will then be
in a position over the 100 foot mark on the index
plate. When focusing on subjects that are closer to
the camera, use the pinion controlled by the milled
head at the edge of the bed of Kodak, and rack front
forward until the indicator is over the division on the
scale which corresponds to the distance at which the
principal subject is to the lenses. The index plate on
the camera bed is divided f.or 6, 10, 15, 25 and 100
feet. The index plate is scaled both for feet and
                        10

meters and care should be taken not to confound
them. Before closing the Kodak see that the pinion
is turned back to the limit of motion. as otherwise
the bed of Kodak will not close properly.
  NOTE-The subjects for stereoscopic views are
always best when they have sonre figure close in the
foreground, approximately twelve to twenty feet
away.
How to Use the Stereo Kodak as a
        Fixed Focus Camera
  Focus the Kodak at 25 feet, set the stop midway
between /.11 and f.l6 and use speed 25, then thelenses furnished in the Stereo Kodak will cover sharp
any subject as close as twelve feet up to any dis-
tance. It is necessary, however, that the subject be
in brilliant sunlight, in order to obtain a fully timed
exposure. Generally speaking, this rule is the best
one to follow when making stereoscopic views unless
you particularly wish some one subject close in the
foreground to come out strong and have the rest
fade away.
    Instantaneous Exposures or
                                      t t Snapshots "
 When making instantaneous exposures, better
known as "snapshots" the camera is usually held in
the hand. The subject should be in bright sunshine
and exposures made from about three hours after
sunrise to three hours before sunset. Earlier or later
than these hours time exposures should be made.
See "Time Exposures in the Open Air", page 16.
  Never make an bxposure with the Kodak pointing
toward the bright sun. The light should come from
behind the operator or over the shoulder, shining
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         IMPORTANT
  When making' instantaneous exposures'
hold the camera firmly against the body

                       L2

I





             as shown in illustrations, and when oper-
           ating the cable release or pressin$ the
            exposure lever, hold the breath for the
             instant.
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 directly on object to be photographed.  If it shines
 into lens the picture will be blurred.
  Do not try to photograph moving objects at less
 distance        than               twenty-five                            Endeavor                            feet.                                       to catch
them       an angle                                  forty-five                                        degrees,      at                                                  or         !                  of about
 coming toward the camera. When photographing          I a tall building at close range and pointing the camera
 upwards, lines in the photo will be found very ir-
 regular and to converge towards the top, on account
 of the top of the building being at a greater distance
from the camera. When possible, you should be in
a position as near as you can to the horizontal line of
the center of the subject. The same rule applies to
 srnall objects, such as a dog, when the camera should
be lowered to center of object to be taken.
  When ready to make an exposure, hold the camera
firmly, and as neariv level as possible. Locate the
object in the finder by looking squarely down into
 it, (not at an angle), and then release the shutter by
pressing push-pin at end of cable release "D"  or
finger release "C", using care not to jerk the camera.
This will uncover the lens a fractional part of a
second. This mahes the exposure.
  .After making the exposure, press in slightly on thewinding key and turnlt untiithe next eirenhumber
appears exactly in the center of the red window in
the back of the camera.
   It is advisable to get into the habit of winding the
film as soon as an exposure is made, which will avoid
the-possibility of making two exposures on the same
surlace.
        Time Exposures
  When making time exposures some judgment must
be used as to the proper length of time for the ex-
posure. This is governed by the amount of light
                         t4

up-gn the object to be photographed and varies at
          The following rule should be observed: place theI           different times.
         where there will be no danger of moving it during/         camera uponatripod, table orsomeother 1irm support           the time the exposure is made; center the subiect  ii
          the finder; set the shutter for time exposure as de-
           scribed ,on pagg 8, then press the push-pin at end of           cable release "D" or finger.release-"C", once to open
         and when sufficient tirne has elapsed once to close
                          of course, not to jaf the camera either          -using.care,            i1 o.penilg or,closing the shutt-er. Do not point the        Kodak directly at a window. Be sure, if^ using a
           chair or table, to place the Kodak not' more tfian
         two or three inches from the edge, so as to avoid in-
          cluding part of the chair or table in the picture.
       Time Needed for Interior Exposures
          The following table gives the time of the exposure
          required under varying conditions of light with the
          stop /.16 in the lens. If the stop /.11 i1 used, give
          only _one-half the time; with siop f.7.7 give 5ne-           fourth. the t_ime, and, if the stop'/..52 is tsed give
           four times the tirne of the table,-and with /.45 [ive           eight times the time of the table. The smaller"the
          stop the sharper the picture.
        White walls and more than one window:
                           bright sun outside, 4 seconds;
                        hazy sun, 1O seconds;
                         cloudy bright, 20 seconds;
                          'cloudy dull, 40 seconds.
        White walls and only one window:
                             bright sun outside, 6 seconds;
                      hazy sun, 15 seconds;
                         cloudy bright, 30 seconds;
                         cloudy dull, 60 seconds.
                                    15

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Medium colored walls and hangings and more
                                                                                                                                                                                         I    than one window:
               bright sun outside, 8 seconds:.
             hazy sun, 20 seconds;                                                                             l*

                                                                                                                                                                                         I                   '    cloudycloudy bright,dull, 8040seconds.seconds;
Medium colored walls and hangings and only
    one window:
               bright sun outside, 12 seconds;
             hazy sun, 30 seconds;
              cloudy bright, 60 seconds:
              cloudy dull, 120 seconds.
Dark colored walls and hangings and more
    than one window:
               bright sun outside, 20 seconds:
             hazy sun, 40 seconds;
              cloudy bright, 80 seconds;
              cloudy dull, 2 minutes, 40 seconds.
Dark colored walls and hangings and only one
    window:
               bright sun outside, 40 seconds:
             hazy sun, 80 seconds;
              cloudy bright, 2 minutes, 40 seconds;
              cloudy dull, 5 minutes, 20 seconds.
  The foregoing is calculated for rooms whose win-
dows get the direct light from the sky, and for hours
from three hours after sunrise until three hours be-
fore sunset.
    If earlier or later the time required will be longer.
  Time Exposures in the Open Air
  .Whgtl the stop /.45 is in the lens the light ad-        tmitted is so much reduced that time exposures out
of doors may be made the same as interiors. but the       T
exposure must be much shorter.
                           l6

With Sunshine-Open and close the shutter as          quickly as possible.
            yi.th Light Clouds-From rh to 1 second will be            sufficient.
         With Heavy Clouds-From 2 to 5 seconds will be
          required.
          The foregoing table is calculated for the same hours
         as mentioned for Interiors, page 16, but for objects in
         the open air. For other houis or'for objects in the
        shadow, under porches or under trees, no accurate
          directions can be given; experience only can teach
         the proper e"porrr""" to give.
        Time exposures cannot be made while the
       Kodak is held in the hand. Always place it
         u-po-n some firm support, such as a-tripod,         chair or table.
         For exceedingly short time exposures as above
         described use the "bulb exposure". See page 8.
                  Rising Front
         The Stereo Kodak is provided with a rising front,
        which may be utilized in cutting out an unddsirable
          for.eground or to assist in taking in the top of a high
          building, etc.            -The.fro.n!            .           ryuy be raised by turning the key to the          left,,which is located under the shutt=er and directlv
       over the pinion used when focusinq the Kodak.
      When through using the rising froit, center the
          lenses by turning the key to the iight, to the limit of
         motlon.
          Experience alone can teach the manv-compbsingwavs in        which the rising front may be used for
           artlstrc plctures.
        IuponreNr-Do not fail to center the lenses be-Il        fore.closing_K_odak,  as ot!erwise there is danger of
         ruining the bellows when folding them.
                                    T7

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         Closing the Kodak
  When through using the Kodak fold the bellows
by reversing the operation described on page 10,
and press down on arm locks on each side of bed.
The bed will now close readilv.
   Avoid making too sharp a bend in the cable release, when
closing the camera, as by doing so it will be liable to kink.
        Flash-Light Pictures
  By the introduction of Eastrnan Flash Sheets, pic-
ture taking at night has been wonderfully simplified.
A package of flash sheets, a piece of cardboard, a pin
and a match complete the list of essential extras,
although a Kodak Flash Sheet Holder is a great con-
venlence.
  With flash sheets; no lamp is necessary, there is a
minimum of smoke and thev are far safer than anv
other self-burning flash -"dir-,   besides giving  isofter light that is less trying to the eyes.
  Many interiors can be taken with the flash sheets
that are impracticable by daylight, either by reason
of a lack of illumination or because there are win-
dows in a direct line of view which cannot be dark-
ened sufficiently to prevent the blurring of the pic-
ture.
  Evening pb.rties, groups around a dinner or card
table or single portraits may be readily made by the
use of our flash sheets, thus enabling the amateur to
obtain souvenirs of many occasions which, but for
the flash-light, would be quite beyond the range of
the art.
  Preparations for the Flash-The camera should
be prepared for time exposures, as directed on page
15 of this manual (stop /.11 must be used), andplaced on some level support where it will take in
the view desired.
                          1g

Pin a fla.sh shect by one corller to ir picce of carcl-
            lroarcl rvhicl-r l-ras previously bcen fixed in a perpen-
           <licular position.  If thc carclboarcl is n'hite it $'ill act
t        as a reflector erncl incre:rse the strcngth of thc flash.        Thc flash sheet shoukl alit,trys lre blacecl two feet
 I        behind an<l tlvo or three fcc-t ti onc.icle of the canr-
          erel. If placecl in front or on a line with front of
        Kodak, tl-re flash rvould strike the lcns ancl blur thc
         picturc. It shoulcl be placecl at one side as rvell as
            bchir"rcl, so as to throrv a shaclow etr-rd give a little re-
            lief in the lighting. The flash shoulcl 6e at the sarne
         height or a little higher than the celnrera. Thc sup-
           lrort upon rvhich the flash is to bc macle shoulcl not         projcct far cnough in front of it to cast a shadow in
         front of thc liorlal<. An extra piece of carclboarcl a
         foot square placccl rrnclr:r thc fla.sh shect rvill prevent
       any sparks fronr the flash cloing rlanrage. Horvevcr,
         b1' using the Ko<lak Flash Shect Llolclcr, all these
         contingencics are taken c--arc of, ancl rve strongly acl-
            \'lsc rts Llse.
                    The Kodak Flash
                          Sheet Holder
                                             'I'his hoklcr may be
                                                                               lrt'lr I irr t hc ha  rrr l, aizuo ys
                                              ltetzueen you and the flash                                                   slteet, or it may be used
                                on irr)y  t ripod, beirrg ltro-                                                          r irlt,<l u'itlr a sockt't [or
                                       this purposc. l'he sheet
                                       is plrrt'etl in position in
                                the center of the lrrrgcr
                                pan over thc rouncl open-
                                ing u'hich has ir raiserl
                                     szrw-tooth cdge extencl-
                                  ing half way arounrl it.
                                      Press rvith  tl-re thunrb on

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the sheet so a slight break is made and a portion
of the sheet projects partially through the opening.
Then to insure the sheet being more securely
fastened, press around the notched edge, forcing this
portion of flash sheet firmly into position on the pan.'  To set off the flash, merely insert a lighted match
from behind, through the round opening in the
center.
        Takin$ the Picture
  Having the Kodak and the flash sheet both in
position and all being in readiness' open the camera
rh,rtt"., stand at arm's length and touch a matchfrom behind through the round opening in the
center.
  NOTE-If you are not using the Kodak Flash Sheet Holder'
place the matih in a split stick at least two feet long.
  There will be a brisht flash which will impress the
picture on the sensitive film. Then close the shutter
ind turn a fresh film into place with the key, (the
 next el.)en number), ready for another picture.
        The Flash Sheet
  The size of the sheet required to light a room varies
with the distance of the object farthest from the
camera, and the color of the walls and hangings.
       For ten feet distarfff;lnt *.rr. and hanginss
           use one No. 1 sheet
       For ten feet distance dark walls and hangings
           use one No. 2 sheet
        For fifteen feet distance light walls and hangings
           use one No. 2 sheet
        For fifteen feet distance dark walls and hangings
           use one No. 3 sheet
  NOTE-Never  use more than one sheet at a time in the
Kodak F lash Sheet Holder.
  To Make a Gioup-Arrange the chairs in the
form of an arc, facing the Koda-i<, so that each chair
 will be exactly the same distance from the camera.
                        20

Half the persons composing the group should be
 seated and the rest should siand nenina the chairs.
 If the.group is large, any number of chairs may be
 used, but none of the subjects should be seated on
 the floor, as is sometimes ieen in large pictures, be-
 cause the perspective would be too v-iolent.
  Backgrounds-In making single portraits or
 groups, care should be taken to have a suitable back-
 grg.uld against which the figures will show in relief  ;
 a-light backgr-ound is better than a dark one, and
 often a single figqre or two will show up well against
a lace curtain. For larger groups a inedium light
 wall will be suitable.
  The finder on the camera will aid the operator-effect. in composing the groups so as to get the best        In
 order to make the image visit,le in the finder, the
room will have to be. well lighted. The lights'may
 be left on while the.picture is being made,-provided
none of them show in the finder.
  Eastman Flash Sheets burn more slowly than
flash powders, producing a much softer light and
are,- therefore, far preferable in portrait w6rk; the
subject however, should be warned not to move, as
the picture is not. taken instantaneously, about one
second being required to burn one sheet.
     Eastman Flash Cartridges
  Eastman Flash Cartridges may be substituted for
the sheets if desired. We recommend the sheets,
however, as more convenient, cheaper and capable
of producing th9 best results. Th6 cartridgei ard
superior.only when absolutely instantaneoul work
rs essentlal.
       Removlng the Film
  No dark-room is required for changing the spools
in the Stereo Kodak. Make the chang"e ifr a                                      "ubiued
                          27

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light, not in the direct sunlight, so as to avoid any
-possibility of fogging the eclges of the film.  When the last-seition of film has been exposed,
continue to turn the winding key until the duplex
paper is all wound onto the winding spool.
  Next, open the camera, the same as when loading,
(page 5), and take hold of the end of the duplex pap_er
with thumb and finger of the left hand, then turn the
winding key so as to draw the paper taut on the
spool. After this is done, the spool of exposed_ film
may be taken out by first pulling out-the.spool-pit
and winding key the same as when loading. Fo,ld
over half inCh ar end of duplex paper (so as to make
subsequent breaking of the seal easy), and then seal
with the sticker. The ro11 of exposed film is now
ready for developing and printing.
  The empty spbolihould be placed in the winding
end of the camera and adjusted in position. It is to
be used as a reel for winding the next roll of film.
            Important
  Film should be developed as promptly as possible
after exoosure.
  The quality of the image on all sensitized Pro-
ducts is- retained by immediate development  after
exposure.   '            " Cinch Marks "
    If the film and paper loosen up a trifle when taken
from the camera,-many amateurs are likely to take
the cartridge in the hand and wind it as closely as pos-
sible, "cinJhing"  it tightly with a twisting motion.
There's nothing rnorc likely to injure the negative          Ithan this tight-drawing  of the fihn as it abrades the
surface, miking. fine parallel scratches running
lengthwise of thE film, which in some cases,-wil.l ruin
the negative. Do not "c'inch" the cartridge.  -It simplyneeds io be wound tightly enough so that the duplex
                          22