Leningrad 4 User manual

I   exposure meler window    -
  2 -  measurer poinler
  3 -  measurer sca le  4   changeable ligured scale of measurer    -  5   beginning of working portiorr of measurer    -       5Ca te
  6   zero mark of measurer scale    -  7       speed scale in GOST (or A5A) unils   -(ilm 8*  film speed scale in DtN degrees
  9    film speed setting dial    - 10   auxiliary scale    - 1l   [ixed index of auxiliary scale
 12 -  seiling ring of auxiliary scale   - 13   frame speed scale   - t4    lens aperlure scale   - 15    shuller speed :cale   - l6   measurement range switch knob   -


           GENERAL DIRECTIONS

  Before handling Your exposure meler, please
sludy directions for  use and procedure o{
operalion.

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               APPTICATION
 The photoeleclric exposure meler "Lenin-
grad 4"  (lO11i4) serves   f o   f ind the shutler
speed or lens aperlure in faking both black-
and-white and colour piclures.
  The exposure meler can be used for movie
pu rposes,
  The exposure meler is able lo operale in the
brighl sun and arlificial  light, bolh outdoors
and indoors.

               DETIVERY SEI
Exposure meler lO11tt4
Opa I  g lass
Cord
Ca se
Packing box          'andDireclions for  use       acceplance  cerli-
 f  i caie                                     .1

                  DESIGN
  The pholoelectric exposure meler comprises
a selenium pholocell, a measurer with  its
scale and a calculator,
  The exposure meler has lwo measuremenl
ranges for  brighlness and lwo measuremenl
ranges  f or illuminatron.

The measuremenl ranges are chanqed over
by means of a built-in diaphraEm coupledwilh a control gear provided with-a knob.
  When measuring the    il luminalion in eilher
 ra-ng.e, introduce an opal glass inlo lhe melerwindow.
 .. The pholocell is exposed fo  lighl throughlhe mefer window and a currenl gEnerated 6y
the lighi slarls  f lowing in the ci-rcuil of lhephofocell associated with the measurer.
  The more infensive is  il lumination the pho-
focell  is. subjecied lo, the higher is lhe cur-rent and, hence, lhe measuier poinler willshow lhe  f arther def leclion.
 . The. shuller speed or lhe  lens aperlure isfound with the help of lhe calculalor com-
posed of  two dials (upper. and lower), The
upper dial  is coupled with lhe   f ilm' speed
selling dial, and the lower one   wilh theilng,                                      -
  The upper dia I is gradualed in lens aperlure
values from 1,4 to 22 and in film speed va_
lues from 4 to 1000 GOSI units (or from 3 to
800 units ASA) and  f rom 6 lo 30 deqrees DlN.
  Intermediale divisions on the    f ilm speed
:::1.__1ou._rpond to values  il,  22, 45, 90,' lg0,350, 700 GOST units.
 The lower dial  bears a scale of  shuller
speeds from 1/1000 lo l5 sec., fraclions of  asecond- being indicaled as whole numbers,(e.9.         implies     2                  t/2.sec.                           etc.)                                 in black                                                  figu_-se_res   on                 background,      a             light                                     who,le                           while

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conds    in  light     f igures on a dark back-ground.-  The same dial also bears the frame
speed scale ranging from 8 lo 54 frames per
second wilh inlermediale divisions lo  indicale
24 and 48 frames per second, and an  auxi-
 liary scale figured from I lo 14; lhe  first
measuremenl range is from  l lo  I and lhe se.
cond measuremenl range from 8 io  14.
  Ths exposure meler meels requ irements of
GOST 98st-58.
  HOW TO FIND SHUTTER SPEED OR IENS
                APERIURE
  There are two basic methods to lind shuller
speed or lens aperlure:
   1. A method of   ref lecled   light  (ob ject
brighlness); in  lhis case lhe exposure meler
is used to measure inlensity of light ref lecled
into the camera by the object lo be photo-
graphed.
 To find lhe exposure conditions, place lhe
exposure meler al  fhe camera localion and
direct  its window to ihe objecl of  inlerest.
  2. A melhod of incidenl light  (il lumination
of oblect).  In  lhis case lhe exposure meler
is used lo measure intensily of the lighf   i I lu-
minaling the object lo be photographed.
 When using this method, place the exposure
meler at the oblect locaiion and direct  its
window lo lhe camera, the opal glass being
inserled in lhis case.

.. To lake lhe opal glass out of  its seal inthe, meler.. case, press the glass projeclion
ano pu  | |  tt oulwdrds.
 . To insert lhe opal glass into lhe meler win-dow, bring lhe spring into {he slol providedtn lhe lower wall of the mefer window anopla::      the                glass                         into the winJow by             lpal.       pressinggenl le                     projeclion.                     ils

OPERAIION PROCEDURE

   l, Turning lhe fransparenl dial, set lhe re-quired   f ilm speed in GOST (or ASA) units,or degrees DlN.
  2. Depending on lhe method of  light mea-
surement, direct ihe exposure meler eilher lothe obieci  lo be pholographed, or  lo the
came ra.
    lf the measurer poinler  fails lo reach lhe
sca le mark "8",  pu  | | the range switch knob
oulwards as far as it  goes so as lo change
over lo  the more sensilive  (i. e. the first)range of measurement.
  3..Turning the  ring, sel lhe auxiliary dial
so lhat  its  fixed index appears in lhe same
position as lhe poinler on lhe measurer sca le,
  4. Take the reading of  the shuller speed
againsl the desired value of lhe lens aper-
ture.
  Jf you deal wifh a molion piclure cdmera,lake lhe reading of  the lens aperlurs value
against the desired frequency of  frames.
 The frame frequency shown on lhe scale
corresponds to the shuller opening angle of
some 180". For angles olher than-ihai  it   isnecessary to inlroduce a correclion.
                           .^-

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  In cameras ol  old makes the scales of
shufter speeds and of  lens aperlqre values
may differ from those of lhe exposure meler.
In this case, set ihe camera for such a shulfer
speed or a lens aperiure which is closesl to
lhal found wilh the exoosure meler.
  To avoid errors caused by  skylighl when
delermining lhe shulter speed by lhe reflecl-
ed light method at nalure shooting,  it  is ad-
visable thai lhe meter window should be some-
what inclined 1o lhe ground.





   Firsf Measuremenl Ranoe

In some cases, for inslance, at laking pic-
lures in back lighling, on lhe snow, a1 the
sea, in the mountains, wilh the use o{  lighl
lillers,  al  non-uniform illumination, elc.  a
correclion  is lo be inlroduced inlo the shuller
speed value read off from lhe exposure me-
ler sca le.
  For more defailed informalion on selection
of methods how lc  find the shulter soeeds,
and correclion faclors one should reler fo
specidl lileralure dealing wilh pholography
and exposure melering.


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  Second Measuremenl Range

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   The. " Lenirrgrad- 4" e.xposure rnele. is a high_ sensilive. measuring  inslrunrerrl lhal  requiies carelut handtinq.
  Al.ways protecl the exposure meler fromsudden jolls  and shocks.  ll  is advisable to
 use..the exposure meter wilhout laking  if  oulol  [t  cdse,

  ;o

   o



O-o<4

Regularly, prior lo using lhe exposure me.
 ler, check lhe measurer pointer for zero po-
 silion and adjust  il,    if  necessary. For this
purpose take lhe exposure meter out of lhe
 case and lurn lhe zero adiuslmenl screw pro-
vided on lhe underside to bring the measurer
poinler lo zero.See thal lhe exposure meier
window is lighf ly covered with some opdque
materia  l.
     ll should be borne in mind lhal at lempe-ratures exceeding 50o C the  phoiocell riray
get out of order.
  See that lhe poinler should never gel be-
yond lhe measurer scale with the rangJswilch
knob pulled oulwards.
  Keep lhe exposure meler in ils closed case.
  .Prolect the exposure meler and lhe opalg lass  f rom dust, dirt and moislure,
   lf- the opal glass or  the exposure meler
window glass gets dirfy, wipe il genlly witha clean soft cloth.
  The exposure meters may be repaired onlyin special workshops,



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