Pentacon Praktica LTL Руководство по эксплуатации User manual

O6cnyxxBaplqxe qacrr Kamepbr
PRAKTICA tTt
l9a6t6- 9V6Va(nt





 1  fonoexa ycraHoBKh BbrAepxeK
 2  Vst"tepnrenbHar racra
 3  CnycroBar KHonKa
 4  PyxonKa aBrocnycKa
 5  CnycxoBae KHonKa aBrocnycKa
 5  lonoexa o6parxoi  neper'rorxr
 7  Pyxoarxa o6parxoi nepemorxx
 8   Knerr,rrrrta
 9  Cpe4nr,ri xoxraxr
10 Ormerxa BbrAepxeK
11 Kypxoesri B3BoA
12  Lllrana qyBcrBhrenbHocrh nneHKh
13 Merxa qyBcrBhrenbHocrh nneHKh
14 C.{erqnx KaApoB
15 Pyunar KraBhura 4raQpar,r,rhpoBaHht
16 Konsqo Afle ycraHoexx paccrornri
17 Konsqo Anr ycraHoexx AhaQparMbr
18  Lllxana rny6nnu pe3Kocrh

l                                             www.butkus.us
i    O6cnyil(xBapr4h qacrh Kamepbr
    PRAKTICA tTL





    19 Bhnxa o6parnoi nepeMorx),,t
   20 fxesAo Ane Kaccer
    21 Merannh,{ecxxi uqeneeoi :araop
   22 Be4yuqni 6apa6ax
   23 Koxrpnnaxxa
   24  Hal,tarurearour,ar KaryulKa
   25 Orrraerxa BnoxeHhg nneHKh
    26  fiosrnuxure cxo6ur
    27 Onpaaa c MecroM cMeHbr nphHd,qnexsocrei
    28 Cnycxoaar KHonKa 4nr o6parHo; nepeMorKh
    29  Kpstluxa Ane hcroqHhKa 3Heprhh
    30 floAcoe4rneHhe Anr rrrarhBa
   B rexcre  hHcrpyKLlhh yKa3aHHbre r-laQpsr o6cnyxNearcu4hx
     qacrei Aatorcr B cKo6r(ax.
                                                                                                                                                       aJ

Msr pa4ur, qro Baul eur6op Bbrnan Ha coBpeMeHHyto KaMepy
,,f1PAKThKA-JlTtl" h xenaeM Bar'r 6onuuhx ycnexoB c ero;
coBpeMeHHoi eepxanxoi.
Ho 4o toro, KaK Bur HaqHere cHhMarb, npochM Bac roqno
npoqecrb hHcrpyKtlhrc no o6cnyxrraaxhlo. 9r!i^A Bur ycrpaxrre
Hey4aqy B npaKrhKe h noMexh B KaMepe.
4

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PRAKTICA LTL    aro manoQopaaarHar 3epr{anbHae KaMepa                     -Qoprr,raror'a 24 trx\36 MM c aBroMarhKoi axcnoHnpoBdHls  u
BHyrpeHHhM h3MepeHheMr y xoropoi  coeAhHeHbr BbrAepxKd,
4iraQparrvra A |./.y9ct})'trenbHocrb nneHKh. flpx  ero,r,r nphMeHeH
Me7O4 qacrhqHoro hHTerpanbHoro h3MepeHh9, nphqeM L{eHTp
h3MePeHhr pacnonox{eH B none h3MepeHhg, Haxo.qtulerocr B
cepeAhHe BhAohcKaTent AhaMerpoM oKono 20 ,r,ra,r. f]o  aror,ry
paGnoptAKy nonyrlaerCt H3MepeHhe, COOTBeTCTay;gqee O6lex-
Ty, raK KaK B STOM Ahana3oHe y 6ontunHcTBa MoThBoB Ha-
 xopsrc,  eaxxeiuJhe Aeranh. Bce HaxoArlJr,hecg BHe nont
Hecyur,ecTBeHHbre,qeranh  $oroa,rerpht{ecKh HenooL{eHhBaroTct
h He Moryr hcnopThrb pe3ynbrar h3MepeHh9.

hamepenle npohcxoAr'r npn cte,r,ro,{xoi Aha+parMe, Ha Koro-
pylo HalKaroi rsa,rephrenbHo;  racro; ycraHaBnhBaercr o6uex-
rhB. Tacra pacnonox(eHa y KoflbLla ,qhaQparMy.poBa{ue. Snaro-
4apr  ei  BKnloqaercg sneKTphqecKag 4enb. flpzuexN,r,rut Bce
o6rexrraur c HHrepHa4hoHarbHoil anHroBori xapeaxon PRAK-
TICA M 42X1. BcrpoeHxaq B KaMepe aBroMarrxa 4eicrByer
raK, Lrro o6rexrxgur c HaxhMHoi 4naQparMo; (ADB) craxoarrcn
o6rexrxeaMh c npbrrarorqei AhaQparMoi. flpx aroa,r 4xa$parMa
3aKpbtBaeTct TonbKo Bo BpeM9 3KcnoHhpoBaHht Ha BenhqhHy,
nonyqeHHyro B pe3yflbTare h3MepeHh9.

Hoeuri MerannhqecxNi craopqaro-u,eneeoi sareop c6eraercr
qepe3 KoporKyo cropoHy KaApa h oxBarblBaeT Ahana3oH 3Kc-
no3u\nA BbrAepxeK or 1 cex Ao 1!1000 cex. Ox crxxpoHu3vlPo-
BaH Ang naMn-BcnbruJeK h ocBeThTenbHblx hMnyrbcHblx naMn,
V'lz-za oco6exxo 6urcrpo c6erarcu.t,nxct crBopoK MoxHo pa6o-
rdrb nph ocBerhrenex c ra3opa3pgAHbrMh raMnaMh c npx6n'
1'125 cex. Cpe4nnh KoHraKr no3Bonrer 6ecxa6enuHoe no.q-
coeAhHeHhe K KAMepe OCBeThTent.

PRAKTICA LTL aocraBflrerce co BcrpoeHHbrM aBrocnycKoM
r 6es xero.
B xaa,tepe BcrpoeHo nph3MeHHoe ycrpoicrlo,  n chcreMa ycra*
HoBKh KaApa Aaer nplr noMol{,h nhH3br CDpexeng cBeTnoe Bo
Bcex yrnax xao6paxexre  BhAohcKareng, B KoropoM BhAHar
TaKxe h3MephTeflbHag cTpenKa h yKa3aTenb roToBHocTh,
Ha4exxar  r  6utcrpan HaBoAKa Ha pe3Kocrb rapaHrhpyerce
MhKpopacrpoM h MaroBbrM creKnoM. B coe4useHw4 co BceBo3-
MoxHbrMh nphHagnexHocreMh KaMepa PRAKTICA LTL ,r,roxer
hcnonb3oBarbct 4nr 6onuuoro  qrclra cnellhdnbHu,x :a4axri,

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       Orxpuru 3aAHKrto creHKY
        Fonoaxy o6parxoi nepeMorKh nfleHKh (6) eut-
        ABhHyrb BBepx Ao ynopa.

        Kaccery Brorxhrb B rHe3Ao (20)' l-onoaxy (6)
         BAaBhrb, Haqano  nneHKh  Btloxhrb   HahcKocb
        cBepxy Ao ynopa no4 KoHrpnnaHKy (23) vepes
         ae4yquit 6apa6ax (22). llepe4ani't xpail t3brqKa
          nfleHKh Bnol+thTb nph  3TOrv{ Ha OCHOBy HaMATbl-
                KaryuKh (24) ao geneHoi orr*erxlr(25)'           "urou-r.;
        IloexnuHHe cxo6u 126l HamarHBalol4ei Ka'
         ryulKh He AonlKHbl crotrb KBepxy.

         3axpurru 3aAHPlo creHKYo
          ['lprroroanrbct K cbemKe
         3aaecrr xypxoeuti B3BoA h cnycKdrb' noKa
           c'{ert{hK *ujpo"  (14) xe noKaxer qIQPY ,,1"'o
         Ycraxosxrb qyBcrBhrenbHocrb nneHKh
        Konuqo c naxarxoi KHonKh ycraHoBKh Bbl4ep-
                 (1) nprano4narb h Bpautarb' noKa BenhqhHalo   xex         qyBcrBhrenbHocrh BltolxeHHoi nnenxr He orcd-
         )Kerce nporhB ycraHoaneHnoi orMerKh (13).

         YcraHosrrb ButflepxtKy
          Bpau-1aru ronoBKy ycrdHoBKh BbrAeplKeK Ao rex
         nop, noKa eur6pauHag Bbl.qepxKa He oKalKerct
        nporhB opaHxeBoro rpeyronbHraKa (10)  Ha
        aepxnei KpbturKe.

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         Aerocnycx
         Pyxorrxy aBrocnycKa  (4) esaecrra BBepx nepe4
              Anj't nOCne 3aBOAa  KAMepbr. Haxarreru Ha
         KHonKy (5) aerocnycr cpa6oraer.


       Cmexa nneHKh
       Haxaru Ha KHonKy (28) nocne nocneAxei
         cbeMKh. Orxrxyrs pyKorrKy o6parxoi nepe-
        MorKh nreHKlr (7) x noaoporoM B HanpaBneHhq
         yKa3arene nneHKy nepeMoraru. Orxputrb 3a,q-
           Hloro creHKy h BbrHyrb Kaccery.

       Cmexa o5uerrrea

        Cremxx c QoroecnbrurKamh

        Cmexa hc?or{HhKa tHeprhx

         Stxog ra xamepoi

       06aop nphHaAnelxnocrei
         Kparxoe pyKoBoAcrBo oxBatrbrBaer Bce rnarBHbreooocc           nyH KTbr o6cnyxr eax h c. To.-rH r,re AaHH bre iraox<Ho
         B3rrb A3 nocneAypu-{ero no4po6xoro pyKo-
          BOACTBa.

Orxpurru 3aflHplo creHKy
 [Surrrnyru ronoBKy o6parnoi nepeMorKh (5) ao ]KecrKoro ynopa.
TaxN,r,r o6pa:o,r,t oTonpeTcr 3aAHtlt cTeHKa h ee Molt(Ho 6y4er
orKpbrrb. Cqerqrx KaApoB (14) aaror*arhqecKh ycraHoBhrcg npu
3TOM Ha nepBoHaqa.nbHoe noflolKeHhe.





MorxHo nphMeHhrb Bce copra nepQoprpoeaHHoi r*anoQopuar-
noi nneHxh B hMepulytxcg B roproBne craH,fleprHbrx Kaccerax,
B Hnx hMeercr nnenoqxuri Marephan na 35, 20 nnu 12 xa4poe
Qopararom 24 u,r,rN36 aar'r. Llro6sr zs6excaru npoHlaKHoBeHrat
cBeTa B u.{enb KacceTbl, HaAo 3apt)ltdTb He npx nonHoM coflHeq-
HoM cBere, a B reHh (reHu or Kopnyca rena),
hs-sa npeAbr.qyqero orKpbrrhr saAHei creHKh n  ear-rnnyroil
rofloBKh (5) 6urna Bbr,qBhHyra raKxe  Bi,,lfiKa (19) ns rHe3.qa Kac-
cerbr, B Koropoe Molxer 6srrs anox(eird Kaccera.
h renepu nph oAHoBpeMeHHoM BpaqeHhh TyAa A crcAd cHoBa
BAaBhrb rofloBKy o6parxoi nepeMorKh nneHKh. flpr  rro,r,r BhnKa
3dqenhrce sa 6o6urr.uxy.
Butcoeutsatouquilcn  )43 t4enrl Kaccerbr q3brqoK nfleHK,t BABhHyrb
cBepxy Ao ynopa nog KoHrpnflaHKy  (23), pacnonolKeHHyrc HaA
BeAyur,hM 6apa6axoa,r (22). llpn 3roM Haqaflo nreHKh AonxHo
HaxoAhrcr Ha 6o6une npNHr,r,tarcu-1ei HarylrJKh (24) nporhB
selexo;  orlaerxx (25).
Iosxnrrac  cKo5a [26] npxxxr,tarcr4ei Karyurx, He flonxHa
CTOtTb BBepX, Ecnra ece-raKh TatKoe cflyrr449a",To HaAo BpauJ,aTb
KaryuJKy sa xparZ c naxarxoi, noKd o6e cropoHbr He 6ynyr pac-
nono)XeHbt B cTopoHbt,

10

3a4xroro KpbnJJKy chnbHo nphx(arb K KAMeper .qepxacb 3a
cropoHy c 3aMKoM. oHa saxpoerca  caMa,





Kyprcoeuri B3BoA (1 1) r,r,reer npeAB.tphrenuxsti xo4 npr6n. 15"
r  alo>xet 6stru BbrBeAeH h3 nepBoHaqaflbHoro nonolKeHhg    Et
noflolKeHhe roToBHocTA, npu KoTopoM Mox(Ho xopouro B3rTbcq
3a pbrqar npu cepuilHbrx cbeMKax.
Oraecrh pbrqar Ao ynopa, BepHyrb ero h cnycrhrb KaMepy
xnonxoi  (3). floeroprru  ro )Ke caMoe h erJ4e pa3 3aBecrz.
Teneps .rBroMarhqecrcui cqerqhK KaApoB (14) noxaxer r4rQpy
,,1". C,{er9hK KaApoB ycraHaBflhBarb He rpe6yercr, TaK KaK nph
gaKpbrBaHhr sa4xei  KpbrtrJKh oH aBToMarhqecKh  Ha'.{hHasr pa-
6oraru.
Ans saulurbr or HenpeAycMorpeHHoro cnycKa ecrb cnycKoBae
KHonKa (3) c 6noxrpoexoi. Cnycx sa6norrpoBaH, ecllh KpacHdt
oTMeTKa Ha KHOnKe h KpaCHar oTMeTKa Ha OnpaBe OKalKyTCg
Apyr nporhB Apyra. Bpau4exreM KHonKh na 90') 6norcrpoexa
CHHMAETC9.





12

0
,Qnr aaro,raaTrr.u SKcnoHhpoBaHhg HaAo ycTaHoBhrb BenhqnHy
qyBcrBhrenbHocrl,i nneHKLr. d,nn aroro Konbll,o c HaKarKoil ro-
noBKh ycraHoBKh BbrAepxeK (1) npnnoaHerb A Bpau-larb .qo rex
 f,op, noKa qratFpa qyBcrBhrenbHocrh npr.,r,tenre,uoX nfleHKh
(DlN xnr ASA) Ha uKane (12) ne oKdxercr nporhB 6enoir
orMerKh (1 3). flocne onycKaHr,le Konb4o c xaxarr<oi Srxcr.,rpyercr
y ycraHoBneHnoi qrQpsr rlyBcrBhreflbHocrh  nfleHKh.





Merannxqecrcri creopqaro-uleneeoi saraop Mox{Ho ycraHoBhrb
Ha Bbr4eplxKh or 1 cex go 1/1000 cex. f'lpx ycraHoBKe Ha ,,B"
3arBop ocraHercg Ao rex nop  orKpbrrbr,ra, noKa cnycx (3)
Haxar. Ans AnhHHbrx BbrAepxceK qenecoo6pasao pa6oraru
cnycKoBbrM rpochKoM c 6norcxpoexoil, xoropsti BBhHqhBaerct
B Hape3Ky, naxo4rr4yrocr Ha cnycxosoi KHonKe. flnr ycranoaxr
BbrAeplxKh nph cbeMKax c QoroBcnbrrtxaMr cM. a6:aq (0).
,{,nranxure BbrAepxKh or 1 cex Ao 1,15 cex or,ller{eHbt Ha r.JJKane
ronoBKh ycraHoBKh Bbrgep'+(eK (1) opaxrxeaoi xpacrcoi. [lp,
cbeMKax c raxoi  Bbr4epx<r{oi xyxen  [urarhB. Koporxre  aur-
AeplKKh ot 1 130 ceK Ao 1/1000 cex o6osFraqeHbr 6enoh xpacrcoi.
Ana ycraHoBKh Bbr4eplKKh noBopaqhBarb ronoBKy (1), noKa
)KenaeMat qh+pa He oKaxerce nporhB pacnonox(eHHoro  Ha
KpbnJJKe opaHx(eBoro rpeyroflbHhKa. flpu arorn HaAo cneAhrb
3a reM, qro6ur .qhcK c naxarxoi xe 6srn nphno4Hrr, TaK KaK
h3MeHreTc9 qyBcTBhTeflbHocTb  nneHKh, h aBToMaThKa 9KcnoHh-
poBaHhr KaMepbr PRAKTICA LTL noKaxer  HenpaBhnbHbre
pe3ynbrarbr.
Vcraxoexa BbrAepx(Kh Mol(er 6urrs npor3BeAeHa Ao h nocne
3apr4Kh KaMepbr. YcranoeoqHag rofloKa u-{enKaer y Kax.qoro
qHcna. llpomex<yroqHbre BenhqhHbt He ycraHaBnhBarorcr.
14

Y o6rexrrBoB c aBroMarhqecKoi Haxh,raHoi .q,raQpar,r,ro; (ADBi
rpe6yerca ronbKo ycraHoBhrb 4za$parr*y Ha KonbL[o (17)
o6rexrhea nporhB xpacnoi orMerKH Ha onpaBe o6rexrhaa,
,{NaQparr*a ocraHerce npu 3roM noflHocrbto orrcputroi. Tonuxo
nph cnycKe oHa 3axpbrBaercr Ha npe4BaphrerbHo eur6paHxyro
Benu\uHy. Agro^ arNxa Aha+parMhpoBaHhe KaMepbr PRAK-
TICA LTL ,qe;crByer ror.qa, KorAa HaxhMHar 4ra$par,raa
pa6oraer KaK aBToMarhL{ecKar npbrrapu-{an 4raQparMa. He3a-
BVct/i/V.o or 6urcrporbr HalKdrht Ha cnycK (3) araaQparMa npblraer
Ha npeABaphrenbHo eut6paHHyto BenuevHy, qro6ut nocne c6e-
raHru cTBopoK ToTr{ac }Ke oTKpblTbct.
tlro6ur Bcer4a Mox(Ho 6urno KoHrponhpoBdrb rny6nuy pe3Kocrh
B Bl,rAohCKaTene, MHorhe o6beKThBbl MoryT nph noMoLttr pyvnoi
K.n aBLi r.rJh 4N aQparr"r hPoB aHr4 u  ( 1 5), Haxo4 r ulei c r  n a o6le xrr ee,
.qraQpar,raxpoBarbcr Ha eur6paxHyto  ) nv y BHyrpeHHero  vt3-
MepeHhr Ha )KgflaeMyrc BeflhLrhny. 9roro MolKjro AocThLlb oco-
6exx..r y.qo6Ho y KaMepbr PRAKTICA LTL rarxe h3MephrenbHo;
racroi   (2).





16

Aero^ arxxa eKcnoHhpoBaHhr KaMepbr PRAKTICA LTL npe,q-
naraeT ABe Bo3Molt(HocTh h3MepeHhr:
1. As*tepenue h3MeHeHheM r{hcna 4r,raQparaaur na o6reKrhBe
   nph npeABaprrenbHo aur6paxxoi BbrAepx(Ke.
2. Vzttepeane h3MeHeHheM Bbr4eplcKn nph npe4BaphrerbHo
   est6panxom  qhcfl e 4raQpar,r,rur.
flepeuri cnoco6 nphMeHrercu, ecn)/t, HanphMep, ycnoBHo h3-3e
ABh}}(eHhr CHhMaeMOro O6rexra rpe6yecrr onpeAeneHHar Aha-
Qparma, B To BpeMg KaK eropoi cnoco6 nplMeHcercst ecnu
HylKHo ,tcxoAtrb h3 onpe4enexxoi 4xaQparmsr, vro6sr AocrHr{r'
rpe6ye,uoi rny6unu pe3Kocrrr.





 .r:+-.-ls;; il-ts

      i:Y: $'.brt;iT:\-qsS Eri::::r(s.ji

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 hrmepexre c npegBaplrenbHo au6paxnoi aurgepxxoi
 Bur6pars BbrgepxKy Ha ronoBKe ycraHoBxh BbrAepx(eK (1). flon-
 Hocrblo Haxarb Ha x3Mepr.rrenbHyro racry (2) oxono cnycxoeoi
 KHOnKh B HanpaBneHnh R Kopnycy KaMepbl Ao ynopa n npK
 sroM Bpar4arb Konbllo ycraHoBKH Bbr4epxeK (17), noxa BnAnMae
 B BAAd,tCKaTene CrpenKa He oKaxercr B cepeAhHe xpyrnoi
 orMerKh. Oraepcrxe o6uerrrea orKpbrBaercr. AnA 3aKpbrBaercg
 cooTBeTcrBeHHo ycTaHoBKe Konblla 4xaSpar,r,r. Y o6uexThBos
 c aBroMarxqecxoi xaxxmxoi graQpar,r,roi ono orKpbrBaerct
 nocne H3MepeHhr npu nocTorHHoM oTnycKe oT HaxhMa Ha
 H3MephrenbHyrcl Tacry, .{ro6st 3aKpbrrbct aBToMarhqecKh TonbKo
npH 9KCnOHhpOBaHhh Ha nonyqeHHyro nph h3MePeHHn Aha-
 tpparmy.




                    --T
                                                                                1




l. hcxogroe noror(etrxe crpenxrr
2. Crpenxa HtctpoeHa fla xpyrryb orlrerry

                                                                 19

hrmepeuxe nph npef,BaprrenbHo eu6pauxoX gxaSparme
YcraHoeNrs guaQpar,r,ty cooTBercrBeHHo ycnoBhqM cbeMxh Ha
KonbLle (17) o6rexrhsa. Halxarb Ha h3MephrenbHyto racry, KaK
onhcaHo Bbnuer h ycraHoBhrb ronoBKy ycraHoBKh asr4ep>xex  (l)
Ao Hacrpoirxn ustaeprrenuxoi crpenKh Ha cepe4hny xpyrnoi
orMerKh. flpN rrom HaAo ycTaHoBhrb QNxcr.rpyrou-{hecr  Benh-
r{hHbr Bbr.qepx<eK, Her calurcna ycraHaBflhBarb Ha npoMe}Kyror.{-
nute, Ecnr nph gToM He Aocrhraercq nonHoe BbrpaBHhBaHhe
MelKAy crpenxoi n xpyrnoil orraerxoi, To ,qonlxHo nocne,qoBarb
MerKoe hcnpaBneHhe KonbqoM ycraHoBxt 4xaQpara,r o6uex-
TLrBa, 34ecu MolKHo ycraHoBhrb npoMexyror.{Hbre Bennq'4Hbt
Mex4y Qrxcrpyrcu4r'1Mt1ce  BeflhqhHaMt,qraQpara,r.





                           &                             r&"
                                     FSF{    T,:A  s  {}'N

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Ilpxmexexre o6temheoe 5er aBromarhKl gxatpparlAhPoBaHrt
Ecnx nprmeHrtoTct o6rexrregt 6es aerol arra.{ecxoi  xax<rrtrxota
4raQparmbr, To oH ocraercq 3aTeMHeHHbtM Ao cn/cKa. B nxre-
pecax roqxoi HaBoAKH Ha pe3Kocrb 4enecoo6pasxo HdBecrh
 Ha pe3KocTb nepeA h3MepeHlreM cBeTa nph nonHocTblo oTKPbl-
 ro^'r o6rexrree.
 As-sa KoHcrpyKl-lhh onpaBbr HeKoropbre o6rexr*$it  crapoi
KOHCTpyKLIAA BCTaBnilOTCT BO BHyTpb KaMepbr TaK AaneKO, r.lTo
aBroMdrhKa 4raQparMhpoBaHlre xe cpa6arbrBaer. Hg pa6oraer
TaKxe 3epKaflo h 3arBop. Henusc pa6oraru H c h3Meputentaoi'
racroi (2). llooro,r,ry npochM He nphMeH Arh cunbt, raK KaK Mox(Ho
noBpeghrb xa,uepe! Taxxe o6rexuEsr, KoHcrpyKLlHro onpaBbl
KOTOpbTX noKa3brBaeT pr4oM HaxoAgu{a9c9 KapTHHKa, He nph-
MeHHMbr K KaMepe PRAKTICA LTL.





fle nprimeHxa                           npxl{eHrt

Pa5oqxi Ahana3oH aBtoa athKr gxaQparrlhPoBaHxt


Vs cneAylot4nil ta6nnllbr BhAeH Ahana3oH Bbl4epx(eK Ane onpe-
AeneHHo ycraHoBnenxoi vyecrBhrenbHocrh  nrteHKH, B KoroPoM
pa6oraer aBToMarhqecKae  4laQpar,r,ra. Bxe troro Ahana3oHa
BKnroqeHo h3MephTenbHoe ycrpoicrao. Taxxm o6pasom, crpen-
Ka HaxoAhrct B hcxoAHoM nonox(eHhh Hhxe xpyrnoi orMerKh.





LlyacrarrenbHocrb nneHKh                   BsrAepxxx
DIN             ASA
12                        12         1  cex...11125 ceK
15                      25         1  cex...1l25O ceK
18                      50         1  cex...1l5OO ceK
21                     100         1   cex...1,'1000cer<
24                     200             112 ceK...17'1000cex
27                     400             114 ceK... 1/,l000 cerc
30                     800              1 8 ceK...171000cex
33                                              I 600              1/15cex...111000cex

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Ilpr:,r,rexxoe ycrpoicrao KaMepbr PRAKTICA LTL o6opy4o-
aaxo nrxgoi (bpexean, B cepeAhHe xoropoi uaxo4lrcr o6a
ycrpoicrea HaBoAKh Ha pe3kocrb:
   pacnoroxexHuri a cepeAlHe MhKpopacrp h
-  oKpylxalou{ee ero Konbqeo6paaxoe MaroBoe nore,-Haao4xa Ha pe3xocrb npoh3BoAhrcr B hHrepecax gurculei roq-
HOCTh nph no'HocTblo oTKpbtToM o6uexrrae. Y o6rexrxeoe c
aBToMarhqeckoi naxlunoi Ara+parMo; lTo BcerAa raK nph
xexarxatoi h3MeprrerrbHoi racre.
Ecn, nprMeH*rorcr o6rexrleur 5es aeroMarhqecrcoro Aka+par-
MApoBaH.u.e, KaK yxe onhcaHo e n,(14), To HaBoAKa Ha pe3Kocrb
npohcxoAhT npr,r ca,raOi Manoit Benhqhne g',laSpara,rur (nOnnoe
oraepcrr,re) nepeA h3MepeHHeM cBera.





   crrHaI   noA(aeqtBa-       rrxPo-   aaroBoe   xpyuat
           oqar x:o6pax.    nPX3l{.  Korbqo     otfferFa
               rr83a (Dpef,em     Pacrp

Haeogra Mxrpopacrpom
Toqxac pe3Kocrb Ka.qpa ycr.rHoBneHar ecnn KarprhHa BHyrpH
none MhKpopacrpa BhAHa ecHo ),1 6es  ensxaxhr. B ApyroM
cnyqae KapThHa oKa3blBaeTcr pa3roxenxoi^   Ha 3reMeHTbl pa-
crpa h MenbKaer. HaeoAxa Ha pesKocrb MhKpopacrpoM npoh3-
Boqurcg npehMylJ4ecrBeHHo nph cnoxoilaatx nnn Mano ABhlKy-
lqhxcr cHr4MaeMbrx o6uexrax.

Haeogra no ,{atoBomy Konbr4y
SIHAA cnoco6o,r,r ycraHoBKh pa6oraror rorAa, Korga HaAo ycra-
HoBhrb xa 6onee ABhltyqhecc o6rexrur. 3ror cnoco6 Lleneco-
o6pasex raKx(e nph MaKpo- A M)4tpocr'eMKax.
Maroeoe nore nhH3st cDpexene He npeAycMorpeHo Ant Ha-
BOAKh Ha peSKOCTb.
fny6rxa pe3xocrh paccqhrbrBaercq nph noMolJJ,h pacnonolKeH-
xoi xa onpaBe o6uexrrea cnpaBa h cneBa or KpacHoi or,r,rerrl
uKanbr rny6nau peaxocrx (18).
B ro spemg KaK paccrogHhe Ao cHhMaeMoro o6rexra pacnono-
xeHo nporhB xpacxoi orMerKh, orcqhrbrBatorcq rpaHhllbt Aha-
na3oHa rny6uxvt pe3Kocrh Ha uJKane paccroeHhi nporre LtxQp,
KOTOpbre coorBercrByl{,T BenhL{hHaM AhaQparM o6uexrxaa.
Prcyxox noKa3brBaer KaK nphMep An9 paccrogHn'' 3  ,r,r r 4ra-
                                                                                                                                      a,r.Qparrvrur 8- Axanagox rny6nnu pe3Kocrh ot 2 m, ,qo 5
llpr  xaxaroi  xsmeprrenuxoi  racre (2) hnu racre pyqHoro
4r,ra$par,rnhpoBaHhe (15), Koropac hMeerce y  6onuulrHcrBa
o6rexrheoB, MoxHo onpeAenhrt rny6uny pe3Kocrh no hso6-paxeHhro B BhAohcKaTene.                             ?
Ans HaBoAKh 6es oqKoB nnoxo BaAA.\)4M Mox(Ho BcraBHTb
                                           creKno                                 KopphrhpylolJ-lee                   3peHhlo                hxcoorBercrByloqee                                     B Ha-      Irna3HhK, xoropsri                Kpenhrcr                   K                          oKynrpy (cm. nynr<r                                                          ,,f1ptxa4-
nexxoctr").
l-lp,  rnQpacrea,txax xeo6xogrmo MenKoe hcnpaBfleHhe nph
HaBo,qKe Ha pe3Kocru. Benx,{rHa paccroA*nst Roropat nocne
HaBoAKh Ha pe3Kocrb crohr nocne KpacHoi orMerKh, Bpal4e-
HheMFKonbqa (15) nepecraBneercr nporhB xpacnoi rouxr (xx-
Qpaorrr,rerxa). Taxr,r,r o6pasoaa Kopphrhpyerce nono*(eHhe
npoh3BeAexxoi rx$paKpacHbrMh nyqaMu KaprhHbr h nneHKh.
24

www.butkus.us





Mrxpopa(rp ilerbKaer                 Mrxpopaqrp He aerbxaeT
:  Hepe3Ko                                              :  pe3Ko

f'lepe4 cnycKoM o5parxre, noxanyicra,  BHhMaHhe:
l.  l-lpoaeprru, paa6noxrpoBaH nh cnycK (3) (cu. nyxxr  l-)
2. Ecnn e BhAohcKarene creBa BhAeH ChrHan, TO KaMepa He
   roToBa K cteMKe.
   3aeecrLr xar,tepy!
3.  ,{,nr eur4epxeK ot 1115 cex h AnhHHee rpe6yrorcr uJrarhB
   h cnycKoBoi rpocrx.
Ha4o 4epxarb KaMepy PRAKTICA LTL KpenKo B pyKax, qro6br
y4o6xee pa6oraru co cnycKoM.
Hax<rrr,raru Ha  ( cnycKoByro KHonKy (3) B nerKonpoxo4hMoM
Ahana3oHe Ao Tex nop, noKa He cnycThTc9 3aTBop.
CooraercrBeHHo pacnonox(eHhrc h3MepHTenuxoi racrur cnycK
Moxer npouzoirn  rorqac xre nocne h3MepeHhr cBera npr
xaxaroii  racre, nphqeM pa6ovae 4raSpar,r,ra ocraerca 6es
h3MeHeHhr nnn cnycTnTcc TonbKo oAHa KHonrca. TorAa o6rex-
rhB rhna ADB ocraHercg orKpbrrbrM Ao gKcnoHhpoBaHhr.
['locne cnycKa B Br'Aoncrarene BhAeH cHoBa chrHafl KaK 3HaK
K HoBoMy 3aBOAy KaMepbr.