Film cameras
Rolleiflex 2.8C User manual
User manual for Rolleiflex 2.8C. 56 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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Document details
- Brand
- Rollei
- Model / document
- Rolleiflex 2.8C
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 56
- File size
- 9.7 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 4 · Read text
eqripped with the "high-efficien cy" Schneider
Xenotor f :2.8 lens fhe Rolleiflex 2.8 C offers q
new ond higher degree of photo grophic perform-
once. Io the olready well known clnd distincfive
conyeniences of the Automolic Rolleiflex ore now
qdded new consfrucfionol features, designed fo
meef fhe most exocfing professionol demqnds.
Truly, tr new Rollei leoder hos orriyed.
fhe following poges confoin a fully defqiled de-
scriplion, with illustrqtions, of the operofion of
the come ra. A csreful reoding should serve fo
speed fhe new Rollei owner on his way to ocquir-
ing on eosy proficien cy in fhe proctical use of his
comero. Helpful rules ond hints ore olso included.
We hope fhqt fhis book will serve to help open
new poths so thof the msny possibilities of the
Rolfeiflex 2.8 C moy be eosily and fully explored.
F R A N K E & H E I D E C K E
B R A U N S C H W E I GView original page 4Page 6 · Read text
TO TOCATE THE MOST IMPORTANTPARAGRAPHSQUICKTY
Poge: P o g e : Poge:
6 l. A Brief Rolleiflex-Anolomy 28 lll. looding qnd Film 49 Plonts
Tronsporl 49 Color Pictures Automotic Film Tronsportl0 The Multiple Exposures Bock 28 ry n ism Mecho 5l Ponoio,mos 30 lnserting the Film Spool
5l Rollei'qrid Lens12 f l. Rolleiflex?,S C in Operqtion n Threod the Film Leoder
lZ Ever Reody Cose 32 Film Tronsport 525l CoreMicrdPhotogrophyof Comero
12 Neck Strop 35 lV. Floshlighf Technique 52 In Cose of Domoge to the
12 Lens Cop 38 Flosh Photogrophy Tips Co mero
Holding the14 Cqmero 40 V. Tips on Picture-Toking16 Focusing Hood Tobles:
16 Focusing Mognifier 40 Londscopes
17 Direct View Finder 42 Poriroits 2l Depth of Field
l8 Focusing 43 Children 23 Speed of Moving Obiects
l8 Diophrogm 43 Animols ond Shutter Speed U Snopshots 36 Flosh-contoct ond Shutter19 Depth of Field 45 Sports Speed
24 Shutter ond Shutter Releose 46 Theotreond Music-Holl 52 Speed of Emulsions
26 Self-Timer 46 Nioht 53 Procticol Accessories
26 Exposure 47 CoFying 54 Rollei Filters
27 Film Reminder 48 ReflectingSurfoces 55 Rolleinors
This Rolleiflex instruction book offers you the bosic informotion necessory fo'r the use of the
comero. Procticol motters of technique ore odequotely discussed, usuolly in the form of concise
tips covering the most importont phoses of picture toking. Eosy to use,-highly informotive tob'les
ore olso included. lt will therefore remoin o source of informotion of permonenl volue to you.
lmportont: Before ottempting to use or hondle the comero we urge you fo reqd corefulty
pqges 12, 16, A ond 28.View original page 6Page 7 · Read text
www.butkus.us I. A BRIEFROLLEIFLEX-ANATOMY The Automotic Rolleiflex is o comero chorocterized obove oll by two speciol design feotures: the rigid construction of the twin lens reflex ond the outomotic film tronsport mechonism. These technicol odvontoges do not form merely o bosis for very high performonce but ot the some time contribute moteriolly to the simplicity ond eose of use for which the Rollei is iustly fomous. It tokes but o glonce of the construction of the comero to recognize the simple elements of its procticol operotion. Consfruction of fhe Twin lens Reflex In the Rolleiflex two seporote comeros ore ioined in o twin-comero with o common sturdy die-cost body: the bottom holf is the loking-comerq, in which the film is exposed, ond the upper holf is the viewing-comerq, which is designed on the mirror-reflex principle. lts speciol iosk is to moke the focusing visible on the ground gloss ond to supply o control imoge essentiolly similqr to thot of the prospective picture.View original page 7
Page 8 · Read text
The imoge forming roys ore tronsmitted by the fully open viewing lens, proiected on to the ground gloss screen vio the mirror ond the result is o right-side-up, but loterolly reversed ground gloss imoge, in the full size of the originol picture. This viewing imoge is visible ot oll times ond every detoil of composition ond froming moy be wotched even during exposure. The ground gloss screen is ruled with o number of verticol ond horizontol lines moking it possible to detect errors, such os lines which converge but should be porollel or o slonting horizon, in time to notice ond correct them. lt is eosy to stroighten or level the comero by meons of the lines on the ground gloss screen. Above oll, the ground gloss screen provides the meons for focusing the cqmero. This is occomplished by rototing the focusing knob. Both lenses, which ore inflexibly coupled to eoch other by meons of o sturdy common front plote, ore thereby odiusted simultoneously: o shorp viewing imoge therefore guoronteeson equolly shorp picture. Since the Rollei- flex is equipped with o fost viewing lens ond on opticolly prepored ground gloss screen, the viewing imoge is extremely bright ond cleor ond focusing con be done very criticolly. The focusing hood, which is designed for one-hond operotion is kept in both open qnd clesed positionsView original page 8
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www.butkus.usby spring tensio,n. lt is equipped with o swinging mognifier, odiusto,ble to the individuol eye-sight. It offers ot opproximotely 2.5 times mognificotio,n of the entire ground gloss imoge, o still more precise meons for focusing the comero. lf the front ponel of the focusing hood is pushed inword, it is tronsformed into o direcl view finder through which the subiect moy be seen in nofurol size moking it porticulorly eosy to follow fost oction. In this cose it is still possible of oll times to mointqin control over focus: this is mode possible by meons of o second,qdiustqble mognifier in the bock of the focus- ing hood, ond o diogonolly mounted mirror. A slight roising or lowering of the Rolleiflex is oll thot is required to olternote between the right-side-up open view in the direct finder, ond the reversed center portion of the ground gloss focusing imoge. The foct thot the two finder openings ore locoted so close together, enobtes quick froming of the subiect ofter focusing. The usefulness of the open direct view finder is thereby enhqnced for sports pictures. Focusing the front lens ponel throughout the ronge from oo (infinity) 40 inches (distonces meosured from the focol or film plone to the subiect) is oc- complished by one full turn of the focusing knob.View original page 9
Page 10 · Read text
The speciol design of the focusing mechonism (o com- drive bosed on the principle of the orchimedic spirol) insures uniform movement of the lens ponel in both directions without ploy or bocklosh. Tied in with the movement of the lenses is o simple sliding mechonism, locoted beneoth the ground gloss, providing completely outomotic porollox compenso- lion. Consequently,the finol picture is olwoys fromed exoctly os originolly viewed on the ground gloss screen. Similorly complete control is hod even when using supplementory Rolleinor lenses for close-up work becouse of the Rolleipor which is built into the Heidosmot-Rolleinor. Diophrogm openings ond shutler speeds ore regu- loted by smoll knurled wheels on the front ponel while observing the scoles in the single window ot the top. Involuntory movement of the control wheels is prevented by the outomotic orresting slide. Thus, oll monipulortionstoke ploce with the comero in operoting position qnd ore eosily checked with but o s i n g l e g l o n c e . Since the two lenses ore of identicol focol length (f -80 mm) it follows thot the imoge in both sec- tions of the comero will olwoys be criticolly focused on the some portion of the subiect simultoneously.View original page 10
Page 11 · Read text
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The Xenotor f : 2.8 is o five gloss construction with The Automotic Film fronsporf
two cemented elements (modified Gouss-type) ond Mechonism
feolures outstonding correction for block ond white The conslqni reodiness of the Rolleiflex, o noturol
ond color pictures, while the viewing-Heidosmot result of its odvontogeous lwin-lens design, is further
f : 2.8 lens meets with the speciol requiremenls for enhonced by the outomotic film tronsport mechonism.
criticol ground gloss screen focusing. Both lenses ore The quick octing cronk coupled wiih on outomotic
ireoted with obrosion resistont cooting. The boyonet geor mechonism performs five importont functions
receptocles circling the mounts qre intended for with eoch pendulum swing;
ottoching fhe lens hood ond supplemeniory opticol 'l
occessories, which in ihis woy will be held in . Advonces film to next frome
opticolly correct position ond form o solid unit with 2. Advonces film frome counter
lhe comero. 3. Tensions the shutter
4. Releoses shuiter lock The removoble combinotion bqck is ottoched to the
comero by meons of two hinges with outomotic lock 5. Engoges film lock.
ond ot the bottom it contoins the tripod socket ond The shutter releose ond film odvonce cronk ore locked
the sofety bock lock. lts odoptobility for the two ond unlocked olternotely, thereby oftering full insu.
picture sizes 21/aX21/+", and 24 X 36 mm is the result ronce ogoinst double exposures or skipped fromes.
of the odiustoble film pressure plote which con be
'120 For intentionol double exposures the cronk must be set for (B ll8)-film (with poper bocking), or for
unlocked ot lhe cronk boser Turning the cronk o full 35 mm film (without poper bocking) when used in
tu rn to the left cocks the shutter ogoin witho,ut
coniunction with the Rolleikin 2 C ottochment. In both odvoncing the film.
coses q film chonnel is creoted with o width ihot
corresponds to the thickness of the fflm being used. Automotic stops limit fhe extenl of cronk swing. With
Thus the film con be properly held in the focol plone, the increosing thickness of the film on the toke-up
ond olso con slide through without undue friction spool the cro,nk swing decreoses from 3rt of s turn
when odvonced. in the beginning to lust under l12 'turn ot the end
r0View original page 11Page 12 · Read text
of the roll. Thus the film is olwoys odvonced exoctly one full frome. In oddition to this, eoch swing of the cronk outomoti- colly brings up ihe next number in the film counter window. The position'ing of the film so thot the first frome is correctly ploced olso is occomplished outomoticolty. After inserting the full film spool in the bottom chomber, the poper leoder must be possed through the two feeler rollers ond drown up on to the empty toke-up spool. The feeler roilers will ollow uninterrupted possoge of the thin bocking poper. only when the increosedthickness(ot the point where film ioins poper) goes through the rollers, does the outomotic tripping mechonism oilow the counter to go into oction. The cronk continues briefly ond then stops, firmly - the film hos reoched the position for e x p o s u r eN o . l . T h e p r e s s u r e o f t h e r o l l e r s i s r e l e o s e d i m m e d i o t e t y o f t e r t h e p o s s o g e o f t h e f i l m ' s b " g i n n i n g s o thot the rest of the rotl will slip through freely. After the twelfth exposure, the counter mechonism outomoticolly disengoges ond the cronk turns freery, permitting the complete winding up of the fully exposed film.View original page 12
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Holding fhe Co mero ing (l). In this position diophrogm ond shutter con-
trols moy be operoted comfortobly with two fingers.
Bosic rule: comero honging oround the neck with
tout strop ond the comero held firmly by both honds. The Ccrrying Slrop is odiusted to o comfortoble
length, so thot the comero moy be corried on the
The right hond grosps the comero ot the bottom,
shoulder when not in use. In order thot the shutter
the index finger on the shutter releose, the thumb moy be releo'sed with tout strop to ovoid comeno
supporting the uplifted cronk (quick hondling of the movement, loop the strop oround the right hond,
film tronsport: p.34). The left hond does the focus- th us shortening it to ochieve normo I viewing
tit 14View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
distonce (2). Further shortening of the strop when Woist-level or eye-level positions for the comero ore using the mognifier con eosily be effected by moking considered normol for most pictures. The extremely use of the left hond in the some woy (3). flexible Rollei, however, reodily permits exposures Coulion: o wrong or uncomfortoble "grip" moy of or neor floor level, overheod, shooting stroight couse you to lift inodvertently the honging top of up or down, ond occosionolly,surprisesnops "oround the evereody cose. the corner". The illustrotions (4-7) show o few possi- In order to ossure solid contoct when working with bilities for such pictures with the comero in different o tripod, do not use the ever reody cose. positions.View original page 16
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1
Focusing Hood Focusing Mognifier
To Open: lift the reor edge of the focusing hood To Rqise: pull releose lever in the open focusing
cover - Spring tension keeps it open (l). hood upwords the mognifier springs into posi-
To Close: pull bock focusing hood (2). tion (3).
To Lower (before closing the focusing hood): push
The push-button ot the reor of the focusing down mognifier flop by pressure on the side of the
hood serves to hold the Rolleikin ground frome until it snops into position (4).
gloss screen mosk or the Rolleigrid lens. Use of the Magnifier: use the mognifier os close
to the eye os possible.View original page 17Page 18 · Read text
Direcf View Finder Focusing Mognifiers for Added Convenience To Open (ofter roising the mognifier): push the direct Both mognifiers con olso be view finder flop inwords until it snops into ploce (5). focused by persons with To Close: depress mognifier flop slightly the foulty eye-sight, but not w€o'rihg glosses by tilting direct view finder ponel immediotely returns to normol mognifiers out of their nor- position (5). mol position: grosp mogni- The subiect is viewed ot eye-level through the direct fier ot he sides, lift ond fo- view finder ond focusing moy be checked by meons cus criticolly on the ground gloss screen lines.of the second mognifier.View original page 18
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The Diophrogm
,,o,o9,,s,s,,s*s,,
The diophrogm controls the omount of light possing
through the lens. lt hos o double effect:
Stopping down
i n c r e o s e s t h e d e p t h o f f i e l d o n d
r e d u c e s t h e e f f e c t i v eo m o u n t o f l i g h t
Therefore the exposure must be increosed corres' I
ponding ly ot smolter diophrogm openings. The
following toble gives the rotio of exposure ot the
different openings: i
Focusing Diophrogm 2,8 4 5.6 8 1l 16 72
Focus the Rolleiflex by turning the focusing knob, E x p o s u r e 1 2 4 8 1 6 3 2 6 4 -
of the some time criticolly observing the shorpness
of the ground gloss screen imoge. The footoge scole Notice thot eoch succeeding smoller stop requires
serves olso to indicote the depth of field, o motter exoctly double the exposure of the preceeding one'
which need not concern you too much of first. The diophrogm scole itself is eo,silyseen, block figures,
The mognifier focilitotes the most criticol focusing. in the peep window obove the viewing lens. The dot
lmportont: before t 222 indicotes the position for f :'16.
Focus so thot the greotest degree of shorpness Setting the Diophrogm: turn the smoll knurled wheel
prevoils of moin subiect distonce. while depressing the orresting slide simultoneously.
r8View original page 19Page 20 · Read text
Depfh of Field
Most picture subiects require thot occeptoble
shorpness extend somewhot before ond behind the
exoct distonce focused on. Londscopes, for instonce,
require consideroble "depth of field". Two foctors
influence the extent of the shorp zone: distonce
octuolly focused on ond diophrogm opening.
ln controst to close-up focusing the shorp zone is
mony times greoter when the lens is focused on
l o n g d i s t o D C € :
l. The depth of field increoses with the
toking distonce.
In ony cose, however, the shorp zone of the picture
m o y b e i n c r e o s e d c o n s i d e r o b l yb y s t o p p i n g
d o w n t h e d i o p h r o g f f i : Depfh of Field Scole
2. The depth of field increoses when On ond next to the focusing knob two scoles ore
stopping down. visible: the movoble focusing scole with figur,es
indicoiing feet ond the fixed depth of field scote with
As o procticol rule the second olternotive is pre- the diophrogm volues. The diophrogm stops 4_22 ore
feroble ond only in emergency coses should the orronged in poirs symmetricolly on both sides of the
toking distonce be increosed becouse of loss in centrol focusing point ! . The 5,6 positions ore in-
imoge size. dicoted by dots.
The extent of the depth of field ot ony distonce moy The center of eoch footoge figure indicotes the correct
be reod off on the focusing knob. setting for thot distonce.View original page 20Page 21 · Read text
www.butkus.us ln Procfice After focusing, the neor ond for limits of the depth of field moy be reod off directly below the line morks indicoting the diophrogm opening chosen. The section of the footoge scole brocketed between the mqrks representing the identicol diophrogm opening indicotes the exoct zone of shorp focus. I. Exomple: focusing to 12 ft with diophrogm opening 8 gives o depth of field l0ft to l5ft. Focusing to 12 ft with diophrogm opening t , 22 gives on the other hond o depth of field from 7,5Ft to 40ft. opprox. (Stopping down improves the depth of field !) Consideroble stopping down necessitotes greotly increosed exposure time. To obtoin depth of field with the lorgest possible diophrogm opening, o different method of focusing must be employed: 2. Exomple: the subiect requires shorpness from 8 ft to l5 ft. (Other distonces, if unknown, con be reod directly oft the scole ofter focusing seporotely to the limits required.) Procedure: the focusing knob is turned until both footoge volues ore locoted o p p o s i t ei d e n t i c o l d i o p h r o g m o p e n i n g s o, n d i n t h i s w o y t h e m o s t f o v o r o b l e d i o p h r o g m opening is obtoined, in this cose f : ll.View original page 21
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Since the shorp zone in ?he picture does not end ln order to obtoin o correci perspective impression
obruptly, but groduolly chonges to something less of 10" (o comfortoble viewing disionce) o whole
shorp, it is generolly sufficient lo reod ihe depih Rollei negotive would hove lo be enlorged 3.1 X to
of field in round figures. With this in mind the scole 7tleX71 la". Enlorgements of this size, viewed ot 10",
on the focusing knob hqs been colibroted for quick deiermine the bosis for the minimum occeptoble
ond procticol use, shorpness. With this in mind the size of the circle
of confusion is computed ond the limits of the ,,1
lf exoct figures ore desired, fhese moy be found in depth of field oscertoined. Negotives mode in this a
the toble on poge 21. woy will permit enlorgements olso to lorger sizes,
while still retoining the some impression of shorpness.
This is becouse the viewing distqnce is olwoys cor-
fhe Depfh of Field loble respondingly increosed.
For normol use the u p p e r of the double row of With enlorgements from porlions of Rollei negotives
diophrogm figures is used os in the cose when on or from Rolleikin negotives, the requirements wilh
enlorgement is to be mode loler from the entire regord to shorpness ore more criticol. ln lhis cose
21/a,x2%, negotive. (These diophrogm openings ore depth of field is colculoted using o smoller circle of
bosed on o circle of confusion of 1/1400 of the confusion. In procticol use ihe required depth is
focol length.) obtoined through lhe use of o smoller diophrogm
o p e n in g .
On the other hond if enlorgements ore to be mode
itself the comero on (or scole of the Rolleikin The effectiveness portion negotive of ihe o smollfrom by t merely monner in the some I o w e r row be extended by the moy odvisoble lo go negolives), it is
of diophrogm openings (circle of confusion :fpm). using the next smoller diophrogm opening thon the
one indicoted for the desired zone.
Explonolion: the degree of shorpness required from
o negotive is exclusively dependent on the mognifi- lf enlorgements of very greot size ore io be mode
cotion of the prospeclive enlorgement ond its subse- use o diophrogm opening two stops smoller lhon
quent viewing distonce. the one indicoted.View original page 23Page 25 · Read text
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Tripod Pictures: Hond-HeldPictures:
Time Exposure I Slow Speeds Fost Speeds
1 1 2 l l s I / l 0 1l2s l/5O l/100 11250 l/500sec.
Shuffer ond Shutter Releose
The Synchro - Compur-shutter is q between-the-lens The shutter releose is sofeguorded by on upword
shutter ond operoles with the obove mentioned speeds. movement of the swinging releose guord ond un-
l/50th sec. stonds os lhe most commonly used iinston' locked by o downword movement. When lhe releose
toneous shutter speed with little risk of comero mo- button is pushed down lhe shutier opens only ofter 'li25th
vement. Shutter speeds longer thon sec. ore in overcoming o slight but distinct resistonce. The
generol possible only with o tripod. Avoiding un- depressed releose button con olso be locked in this
shorpness due lo movement: see toble p.23. position for long time exposures. - A cqble releqse
The shutter speed volues oppeor in the peep window moy be screwed into the releose button ond con
os r e d figures - reod lhem os denominotors of the be used whether the releose is locked or not.
froction volues, i. e. 25 - l/25th sec. Intermediote
speeds moy be set of ony points between I sec. ond The cqmero moy be ottoched to o tripod by meons
l/l0th sec. ond between 1/25th ond l250lth sec. Due of the threoded socket on the bottom. C o u t io n r
to o supplementory spring, odded resistonce will the length of the tripod screw must not exceed 3/.|6". be felt when setling to l/500th sec. The shutter should lf longer, employ o wosher or spocer to ovoid i,f
be set to or chonged from this highest speed b e f o r e domoge to comero. For comerqs with continentol
c o c k i n g b y m e o n s o f c r o n k o c t i o n . lripod sockets o reducing bushing is ovoiloble.
l / 5 00 ih se c. - se t sp e e d first - th e n co,ckshutter !
24View original page 25Page 26 · Read text
Setting the shutter speed: turn the smoll, knurled Instonlqneous Exposures: unlock releose button ond wheel while depressing the orresting slide simul- depress it gently until it stops (2). toneously. Time Exposures: set shutter to oB", unlock releose, Cocking the shutter w it h the film tronsport: outo- push it in, ond keep it depressed for the durotion moticolly through cronk oction (poge 32). of the exposure. For exposures free from comero Cocking w it h o u t film tronsport (for double expo- movement: use q coble releose! sures, possible only when cqmero is looded; if plote Long Time Exposures: set shutter to "8", depress odopter is used: cock shutter in the usuol woy): turn releose button slightly (without opening the shutter!) releqse ring of cronk bose os indicoted by orrow, ond lock it in this position (3o). Exposurer depress t h e n t u r n c r o n k o n e c o m p l e t e l e f t r e v o l u t i o nu n t i l releose completely (3b). Releqse sofety guord to ter- it stops (l). minote the exposure (3c).View original page 26
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fhe Exposure
The correct exposure is dependent upon existing
illuminotion (more exoctly: subiect brightness) ond
results from the selection of the proper diophrogm
opening ond shutter speed. Consequently the following
relotionship exists:
Depth of Field SubiectSubiect MovementMovement
Brightness
With the Rolleiflex, vorious settings of diophrogm
openings ond speeds moy be combined os required
Self-Timer for normol picture-toking. Only under unfovoroble
With cocked self-timer the shutter opens opproxi- shooting conditions ore these possibilities limited,
motely l0 seconds ofter it hos been releosed. With so thot o compromise solution is sometimes necessory.
the exception of B ond l/500 seconds oll shutter Nevertheless the following must be kept in mind:
speeds from I to I l2filh seconds moy be used. under-exposure results in hopelessly lost shodow
Operotion of Self-Timer (when shutter is cocked)' detoil, whereos over-exposure moy be compensoted
cock self-timer lever until it stops (l), then releose. for to o greot extent by proper processing.
A golden rule for sofe exposUre: The shutter ond self-timer moy be left cocked
even when the comero is loid owoy for short
periods of time without weokening the power Alwoys expose for the shodows, rother o bit
of the springs. more thon too little !View original page 27Page 28 · Read text
The Exposure loble
The toble on the bock of the comero is bosed on
the speeds of the two most commonly used types of
film: the upper scole is used with films roted ot
100 ASA (21110" DIN), ond the lower scote is used
with film roted ot 50 ASA (l8il0o DIN). Conversion of
the toble for use with other film speeds is possible,
if it is remembered thot holf the ASA roting (or
minus 3/l0o DIN) meons thot double the exposure
is required (see poge 52).
For the fwo months immediotety brocketing the
summer months o r if the sun is lower in the sky :t///t/////.//////////2
o r if the sky is overcost, double the indicoted
exposure. lf more thon one of these conditions prevoil, Film Reminder in Focusing Knobdouble the exposure for eoch foctor.
In order to know with which film moteriol the com-
Exposure in the wintertime oround noon: with snow ero wos lost looded two odiustoble discs, locoted- use the normol - volues of the toble, without snow
multiply exposure by 4. in the front port of the focusing knob, ore rototed
by meons of o com in the center: if turned to the
The toble, olthough not olwoys exoct, hos never- right (l) ir indicores rhe speeds 8 to 160 ASA
theless proved itself so good thot serious exposure
(10/l0o ro 23l1ooDIN), if rurned to rhe left 12)errors ore generolly ovoided. In difficult coses or
for greotest occurecy, it is odvisobte to use o photo- it indicotes the film types Ortho, Pon, Color doylight
electric exposure meter. filnr ff ond Color ortificiol lighr film fi.View original page 28Related documents and language editions
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