Film cameras
Rolleiflex 2.8D User manual
User manual for Rolleiflex 2.8D. 60 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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Document details
- Brand
- Rollei
- Model / document
- Rolleiflex 2.8D
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 60
- File size
- 5.1 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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"r0 Filnr oclvcrnce onci slruller 29 Focusing knob i u' t
terrsiorrirrg cri:nk 30 Acljustcrble renrinder €quipp"d with the "hig" speed crnd of fllm type gucrrd Shutier releoselt Xenolor or Zeiss Plonar f : -. (Rollei- knob releose wiih 3l Filnr-spool12 Slrutler D offers o new ond higherdegre" coble releose sockei kin rew,irrcling knob) flex 2,8
grophic performonce" fo tfie olreody well knownt3 Locciir-rg sockeis for 32 (focusingFoccrl or filmclistorrcesplorre porroromo hecrcl rrreosurecl frorn lhis ond disfinctive conveniences of lhe Aufomofic
14 Bock lock clilr line) Rolleiflex rlre now odded new consfruclionol feo-i5 Flosh coble socket 33 Toke-up s1:ool knolr
l6 Lockirrg device for flosh (Rolleikin counter knob) fures, designed fo meef fhe mosl exocfing pro-
corcl pruq 34 Exposure toble fessionol demonds. Truly, o new Rollei leoder
t7 Ioking-lens 35 Reloining clevice for
]B Double boyotrel rrtount Rolleikin ground glcrss hos orrived.
lens for The following poges confoin o fully defoiled de- ciccessories cnd 36 Mognm osk ifier f or eye-level hoocl lens
l9 Sliutler speed control focusirrg scriplion, with illuslrotions, of fhe operofion of Recrr sigirl for direct 37 fhe comero. A careful reoding should serve lo20 Dicrphrcrgrrr conlrol firrcler view
21 Locking l:uilon 38 Mcrgrrifler lifl ing honcl le speed the new Rollei owner on hitway fo ocquir-
22 Vrewi ng-lerrs 39 Auiornotic filrn feerer ing on eosy pronciency in lhe procficol use of his
23 Synchro lever (crlso nrechonisrr rollers
serves crs cocking lever 40 Anti-reflection bcrffles comero" Helpful rules ond hinls ore olso included.
self-iinrer) for 4l Wirrclirrg key for toke-up We hope thqt fhis book will serve fo help open lnclicolor wirrdornr for24 slfool
shutter r:r-rd dicrphrogm 42 Cornbincriion bock f or neli/ poths so fhot the many possibilities of fhe setlings (B 120 No. ll 8) oncl Rolleiflex 2.8D moy be eosily ondfullyexplored" rlr rl25 Pin-sockei for Rolleikin 35 m fll
direcl view fincler rnosk 43 Ad iusto b le film pressu re
26 Direcl view fincier ponel lrlcrie FRANKE & HEIDECKE
27 De1:th of field sccrle 44 Bock lockirrg lever BRAUNSEHV/EIG28 Focusirrg sccrle 45 Trilrocl socketView original page 4Page 6 · Read text
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TO LOCATE THE MOST IMPORTANT PARAGRAPHS QUICKLT 'q|l
Poge: Poge: Poge:
6 l. A Brief Rolleiflex-Anotomy 3l lll. Floshlight Technique 53 Plonts
Piciuresl0 The Automotic Film-Tronsport 34 Flosh Photogrophy Tips 53 Color Mechonism 54 Ponoromos 36 lV. loqding ond Film 55 Multiple Exposures12 ll. Rolleiflex 2.8 D in Operotion Tronsporl 56 Micro Photogrophy12 Ever Reody Cose 36 Bock % Core of Comero12 Neck Strop 38 lnserting the Film Spool 56 ln Cose of Domoge to the12 Lens Cop 40 Threoding the Film Leoder Comero
14 Holding the Comero 40 Film Tronsport16 Focusing Hood 43 Film Reminder Tobles:16 Focusing Mognifier
Field17 Direct View Finder 44 V. Tips on Piclure-Toking 21 Depth of
l8 Focusing 44 Londscopes 23 Speed of Moving Obiects'18 Diophrogm 46 Portro its ond Shutter Speed'19 27 Light Volues Depth of Field 47 Children
28 Exposure Toble24 Shutter Speed 47 Animols
32 Flosh-contoct ond Shutter24 Light Volue 48 Snopshots
24 Shutter Tensioning 49 Sports Speed 43 Speed of Emulsions25 Releosing 50 Theotre ond Music-Holl
26 Exposure ond Light Volue 50 Nisht 57 Proctico I Accessories
29 Exposure Toble 5l Copying 58 Rollei Filters
30 Self-Timer n Reflecting Surfoces 59 Rolleinors
lmportont: Before ottempting lo use or hondle lhe comero we urge you to reod corefully
poges 12,16,24 qnd 35.View original page 6Page 8 · Read text
www.butkus.us screen vio the mirror ond thc result is o right_side_up ground gloss imoge, in the full size of the originol picture. This viewing imoge is visible qt oll times ond every detoil of composition ond froming moy be wotched even during exposure. The ground gloss screen is ruled with o number of verticol ond horizontol lines moking ii porsible to detect errors, such os lines which converge but should be porollel or o slonting horizon, in time to notice ond correct them. lt is eosy to stroighten or level the comero by meons of the lines on the ground gloss screen. Above oll, ihe ground gloss screen provides the meons for focusing ihe comero. This is occomplished by roioting the focusing knob. Both lenses, which ore inflexibly coupled to eoch other by meons of o sturdy common front plote, ore thereby odiusted simultoneously: o shorp viewing imoge therefore guorontees on equolly shorp picture. Sjnce ihe Rollei_ flex is equipped with o fost viewing lens ond on opticolly prepofed ground gloss screen, the viewing imoge is extremely bright ond cleor qnd focusing con be done very criticolly. The focusing hood, which is designed for one-hond operotion is kept in both open ond closed posifions by spring tension. lt is equipped with o swinging mognifier, odiustoble to the indjviduol eye-sight.View original page 8
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Tied in with the movement of the lenses is o simple
sliding mechonism, locoted beneoth the ground gloss,
p,roviding completely outomotic porollox compenso-
tion. Consequently, the finol picture is olwoys fromed
exoctly os originolly viewed on ihe ground gloss
screen. Similorly compleie control is hod even when
using supplementory Rolleinor lenses for close-up
work becouse of the Rolleinor which is built into ihe
Heidosm ot-Ro lleino r.
The Synchro-Compur Shutter is set io the desired
exposure either by meons of the light volue scole or
through independent odiustmeni of the shutter speed
ond diophrogm controls. For this purpose the two
knurled confrol wheels ore used. The selecied ex-
posure is moinioined becouse of the ouiomotic inter-
locking device (locking button). The shutter speed
ond dicrphrogm opening moy be chonged ot will
t'hroughout the ovoiloble working ronge merely by
moving one control wheel, without oftecting the
previously chosen exposure. Scole setiing figures for
ihe shuiter speed ond diophrogm opening oppeor in
combinotion in ihe single peep window locoied iust
in front of the ground gloss screen.
Since the two lenses ore of ideniicol focol length
(f : 80 mm, piciure ongle [ocross diogonol] 53')
it follows thot the imoge in both sections of the
comero will olwoys be criticolly focused on the some
IIIView original page 10Page 11 · Read text
a portion of the subiect simultoneously. The f : 2.8 The Automotic Film fronsporl toking lens is o five gloss construction with Mechonism lwo cemented elements (modified Gouss-type) ond feotures outstonding correction for block ond white The constont reodiness of ihe Rolleiflex, o nolurol ond color pictures, while ihe viewing-Heidosmot result of its odvontogeous twin-lens design, is further f r 2.8 lens meets with the speciol requirements for enhonced by the outomotic film tronsport mechonism. criticol ground gloss screen focusing. Both lenses ore The quick ociing cronk coupled with on outomolic treoted with obrosion resistont cooting. The boyonet geor mechonism performs five importont functions receptocles circling the mounts ore intended for with eoch pendulum swing: ottoching the lens hood ond supplementory opticol l. Advonces film lo next frome occessories, which in this woy will be held in '2. Advonces film frome counler opticolly correci position ond form o solid unit with the com€ro. 3. Tensions the shutter The removoble combinolion bqck is ottoched to the 4. Releoses shutter loci< comero by meons of two hinges with outomotic lock 5. Engoges film lock. ond ot the boitom it conloins the tripod socket ond The shutter releose ond film odvonce cronk ore locked lhe sofety bock lock. lts-odoptobility for the lwo ond unlocked olternotely, thereby offering full insu- picture sizes )t/+ x2V+", ond 24 X 36 mm is the result ronce ogoinst double exposures or skipped fromes. of the odiustoble film pressure plote which con be set for '120 (B ll 8)-film (with poper bocking), or for For inientionol double exposures the cronk must be 35 mm film (without poper bocking) when used in unlocked oi the cronk bose, Turning the cronk o full conlunction with the Rolleikin 2 C ottochment. In both turn io the left cocks the shutter ogoin w i t h o u t coses o film chonnel is creoted with o width thot odvoncing the film. corresponds lo the thickness of the film being used. Automotic stops limit the extent of cronk swing. With Thus the film con be properly held in the focol plone, the increosing thickness of the film on the toke-up ond olso con slide through without undue friction spool the cronk swing decreoses from 3/+ of o turn when odvonced. in the beginning to iust under 112 turn ot the end r0View original page 11
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of the roll. Thus the film is olwoys odvonced exoctly
one full frome. ^
In oddition to this, eoch swing of the cronk outomqti-
colly brings up the next number in the film counter
window.
The positioning of the film so thot the first frome is
correctly ploced olso is occomplished ouiomoticolly.
After inserting the full film spool in the bottom
chomber, the poper leoder must be possed through
the two feeler rollers ond drown up on to the
empty loke-up spool. The feeler rollers will ollow
uninterrupted possoge of the thin bocking poper.
Only when the increosed thickness (ot the point where
film loins poper) goes through the rollers, does the
outomotic tripping mechonism ollow ihe counter fo
go into oction. The cronk continues briefly ond then
stops, firmly -the film hos reoched ihe position for ex-posureNo.l. The pressure of ihe rollers
is releosed immediotely ofter the
possoge of the f ilm's beginning so
thot the rest of the roll will slip through freely.
After the twelfth exposure, the counter mechonism
oufomoticolly disengoges ond the cronk turns freely,
permitting the complete winding up of the fully
exposed film.
,)View original page 12Page 13 · Read text
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II. THE ROLLEIFLEX 2.8 D IN OPERATION
fhe Ever Reody Cose fhe Neck Sfrop
deserves mention here since it is so often used with In order to be oble to corry lhe comero slung from
the comero. the neck without on ever reody cose, o speciol block
leother strop is ovoiloble.
To Open: lift the top oy grosping the snop cotch
buttons ot the reor ond fold forword ond down @. How lo fosten il: hook the metol loop of the leother strop on the strop holder button (6, pull locking
To Close: pull the top over the comero ond push slide up ond push it into the strop holder slot os for
down to engoge the snops. {Simultoneous folding os it goes (6).
of the focusing hood is olso possible with this move'
ment.) Alwoys return .focusing knob to infinity posi- Ihe lens Cop
tion since the extended front moy oiherwise interfere is foldoble. The upper port is ottoched in front ofwith closing the cose. the viewing lens by boyonet mounting ond the lower
port through friction fit.To Remove Comero From Cose: pull up the metol
clips locoted ot the top of the sides of the cose @. Removol of Lens Cop: lift the lower port by ihe
Lift rhe cronk o little woy from ihe cose, spreod lhe tob ot the lower edge ond folci it ogoinst the upper
sides ond lift the comero forword ond out @. port O. Remove cop from the boyonet by turning
it counfer-clockwise /a of o turn @.
Putting lhe Comero in the Cose: pull up the clips Atoching Lens Cop: fit the folded cop into the
ond spreod the cose oport; then slip lhe cronk boyonet of the viewing lens hinge pointing lo -through the lorge opening from the inside ond lower the right (focusing knob) ond fosten it with othe comero bockwords into the cose. Push the clips l/a tvrn clockwise. Fold down- the lower port ond
down through lhe chrome ploted strop holder slot5. snop into ploce.View original page 13Page 15 · Read text
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Ilolding lhe Comero inS O. ln this posiiion diophrogm ond shutfer con-
trols moy be operoted comfortcrbly with iwo fingers.
Bosic rule: comero honging oround the neck wifh The Corrying Strop is odiusied to o comfortoble
iout sirop ond the comero held firmly by both honds. lengih, so ihot the comero moy be corried on the
The right hond grosps the comero oi ihe botlom, shoulder when not in use" ln order ihot the sl-ruifer
the index finger on ihe shuiter releose, the ihumb moy be releosed wiih tout strop io ovoicj comero
supporting the uplifted crcrnk (quick hondling of the movement, loop the slrop oround ihe right hond,
film tronsport: p" 42\" The left hond does ihe focus- thus shoriening it to ochreve normol viewingView original page 15Page 17 · Read text
Focusing Hood Focusing Magnifier
To Open: lift the reor edge of ihe focusing hood To Roise: puli relecrse lever in the open focusing
cover.- Spring iension keeps it open @. hood upwords mognifier springs into posi- -.fheTo Close: pull bock focusing hood @. tion @.
To Lower (before closing lhe focusing hood); push
The push-bulton ol lhe reor of the focusing down mognifier flop by pressure on the side of the
hood serves to hold the Rolleikin ground frome unlil it snops inio position @.
gloss screen mosk o!' ihe Rolleigrid lens. Use of fhe Mognifier: use ihe mognifier qs close
to the eye os possible"View original page 17Page 19 · Read text
Focusing fhe Diophrogm
Focus the Rolleiflex by turning the focusing knob, The diophrogm controls the omouni of light possing
ot the ssme time criticolly observing the shcrrpness through the lens. lt hos o double effect:
of the ground gloss screen imoge. The footoge scole
serves olso io indicote the depth of field, o mqiter Stopping down
which need not concern you ioo much oi first. increoses the depih of field ond
The mognifier fcrcilitotes ihe most criticol focusing. red u ce s the effective omouni of lioht.
I m oorto nt :
Focus so ihot the greotest degree of shorpness Therefore the exposure time musi be increosed
prevoils ot moin subleci dislonce. cprrespondingly when using o smoller diophrogm opening. This is done outomoiicolly in ilre ronge
between 1/500 th I sec. by meons of the speeq- - dicrphrcrgm coupling (see poge 26). A recolculotion
is necessory only when using "B", for time expo-
sures. The ioble immedioiely following gives correct
relotive times for use in this cose.
Diophrogm 2.8 5.5 16 zz
Exposu re I ll 32 64
Notice ihot eoch succeeding smoller stop requires
exoctly double the exposure of the preceeding one
(pose 26).
The diophrogm scole itself is eosily seen, block figures,
in the peep window obove the viewing lens.
Adiusiing the diophrogm: depress locking button
ond turn conirol wheel.
l8View original page 19Page 20 · Read text
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Depfh af Field
Most picture subiects require thot occeptoble
shorpness exiend somewhol before ond behind the
exoct distonce focused on. Londscopes. for instonce,
require consideroble "depih of field". Two foctors
influence ihe extent of the shorp zone: distonce
octuolly focused on ond diophrogm opening.
ln conirost io close-up focusing ihe shorp zone is
mony times greoter when ihe lens is focused on
long distonce:
l. The depth of field increoses with the
toking disionce.
ln ony cose, however, the shorp zone of the piciure
moy be increosed considerobly by stopping
down the diophrogm' Depfh of Field Scole
2. The depth of field increoses when On ond next to the focusing knob two scoles ore
siopping down. visible, the movoble focusing scole with figures
indicoting feet ond the fixed depth of field scole wifh
As o prociicol rule lhe second olternotive is pref- the diophrogm volues. The diophrogm sfops 4-22 ore
eroble ond only in emergency coses should ihe orronged in poirs symmetricolly on both sides of the
toking disionce be increosed becouse of loss in cenirol focusing poini !. The 5.6 posiiions ore in-
imoge size. dicoied by dots.
The extent of ihe depth of field ot ony distonce moy The center of eoch footoge figure indicoles the correci
be reod off on the focusing knob. setting for thqt distonce.
t9View original page 20Page 21 · Read text
ln Proclice
After focusing, the neor ond for limits of the depih of
field moy be reod off directly below the poir of
figures indicoiing the diophrogm opening chosen.
Shorp focus exlends throughoui the qreo
brocketed by ihe morks representing
the selecied diophrogm opening.
I. Exomple: focusing to 12 ft with diophrogm
opening 8 gives o depth of field 10 ft to 15 fi opprox.
Focusing to l2 ft with diophrogm opening f '22 gives on the oiher hond o depih of field from 7.5 ft to 40 ft
opprox. (Siopping down improves the depth of field !)
I -------r, Consideroble stopping down necessitoies greotly 3----l increosed exposure iime. To obtoin depih of field
wiih the lorgest possible diophrogm opening, o
differeni meihod of focusing must be employed:
2. Exomple: the subieci requires shorpness from
8 ft to 15 fi. (Other distonces, if unknown, con be\/d*,q reod direcily off the scole ofter focusing seporoiely
fo ihe limits required.) Procedure ' ihe focusing knob is turned until both footoge volues ore locoted
opposite id e n i ic o I diophrcrgm openings, ond in
this woy ihe most f svoroble diophrogm
opening is obtoined, in this cose f : I l.View original page 21Page 23 · Read text
--=- i:
fhe Depfh of Field foble ln order to obtoin o correct perspective impression ot 10" (o comfortoble viewing distonce) o whole
does not end the picture shorp zone in Since the 3.l enlorged to be xto would hove Rollei negotive ,|0", chonges groduolly to something but obruptly, size, ot viewed Enlorgements of this less 71lax7rle".
shorp, it is generolly sufficient lo reod the depth determine the bosis for the minimum occeptoble
of field in round figures. With this in mind the scole shorpness. With this in mind the size of the circle
on the focusing knob hos been colibroted for quick of confusion is computed ond the limits of the
ond orocticol use. depth of field oscertoined. Negotives mode in this
woy will permit enlorgements olso to lorger sizes,
lf exoct figures ore desired, lhese moy be found in while still retoining the some impression of shorpness.
the toble on poge 2l . This is becouse the viewing distonce is olwoys cor'
respondingly increosed.
For normol use lhe u p p e r of the double row of
diophrogm figures is used os in fhe cose when on With enlorgements from portions of Rollei negotives
enlorgement is to be mode loter from the entire or from Rolleikin negotives, the requirements with
21h X 21/+ negotive. (These diophrogm openings ore regord io shorpness ore more criticol' In this cose
bosed on o circle of confusion of l/1400 of the depth of field is colculoted using o smoller circle of
focol length.) confusion. In procticol use fhe required depth is
obtoined through the use of o smo ller diophrogm
On the other hond if enlorgements ore io be mode open ing.
from o smoll portion of the negoiive (or Rolleikin The effectiveness of the scole on lhe comero ilself
negotives), it is odvisoble io go by the I o w e r row moy be extended in the some monner merely by
of diophrogm openings (circle of confusion : f/2000). using the next smoller diophrogm opening thon the
one indicoted for the desired zone.
Explonolion: the degree of shorpness required from
o negotive is exclusively dependent on lhe mognifi- lf enlorgements of very gerot size ore to be mode
coiion of lhe prospective enlorgement ond its subse- use o diophrogm opening two stops smoller thon
quent viewing distonce. the one indicqted.
22View original page 23Page 25 · Read text
;urr*r
Hond-Held Pictures: I Tripod Pictures:
Fost Speeds I Slow Speeds I Time Exposure
B 1/500 11250 11125 l/6() I /30 | tlts l/8 114 112 I sec I
Ihe Shutter Speed Setting rhe light volue: depress locking bulton on lhe diophrogm wheel ond lurn shutter speed wheel (ii) The Synchro-Compur shutter is o between-the-lens or diophrogm wheel @. shutter operoting ot the obove designoted speeds. In-
between speeds ore not possible. 1/50 th sec. re-
presents o most commonly used instontoneous shutter Shutter speed-diophrogm opening chonge, while
speed which minimizes risk of comero movement. retoining some light volue: turn shutter speed
Shutter speeds longer thon l/30 th sec. ore generolly wheel only G).
sofe only with o tripod. To ovoid unshorpness due
to subiect movement, see toble poge 23. Shuffer lensioning
Tensioning logether with film odvonce is ouiomotic Shutter speed vol.ues oppeor in the peep window os through cronk oction (poge 40). Tensioning withouf red figures reod them os denominotors of the froc- - film odvonce possible only with roll-film looded - tion volues, i. e.30: l/30th sec. Selected scole volues intentionol double or multiple comero for will resist occidentol displocement through click stops. exposures:
Setling the shutter speed: depress locking button on Move releose ring ot bose of cronk in direction of
the diophrogm wheel (iD ond turn shulter speed orrow ond then turn croJlk through one complete
wheel (i?). b o c kw o r d revolution until it stops @.
Tensioning wirh Rolleikin: outomotic ihrough cronk
The light value oction. Double exposures noi possible.
is set on lhe oppropriole scole, locoted on lhe Tensioning with Plote Adopler: swing cronk normolly,
shutter speed control wheel. See poge 26 lor infor- through l'80", ond bock to stop. Repeoted tensioning
motion on use of light volues. for multiple exposures possible.
24View original page 25Page 27 · Read text
flF
Shutter Speed g Subiect Motion (Poge 23)
Light volue
Diophrogm Opening g Depth of Field (Poge 19)
Exposure ond Light Yolue The light volue scole hos been colculoted in such o
woy ihot eoch smoller number gives iwice lhe ex- Correct exposure is dependent upon existing illumino-
posure. lt is thus very simple lo compensote for lion (more exoclly: subiect brightness). The light volue
chonges which occur in lighting (poge 29), chonges due indicotes the correct exposure. A reoding is token lo difference in film sensitivity (poge 43) or when from the exposure toble or o photo-electric exposure
meter sel for the proper film speed ond then frons- increosed exposure is required when using filters (pose 58). posed to the light volue scole of the comero. This
sets lhe comero for the correct or desired exposure. It is olso possible to set for inlermediole volues on ihe
Through the interlocking mechonism both shutterspeed light volue scole. This olwoys results in intermediote
ond diophrogm scoles ore positively coupled. The diophrogm opening settings, since in-between shuiter
speeds connot be used. combinotion moy therefore be oltered ot will within
the ovoiloble working ronge without offecting the lf the "8" setting oppeors when choosing the shutter
relotionship between the two scoles, or the exposure. speed-diophrogm combinotion it will indicote thot
The most suitoble combinotion, occording to the double the next previous setting is required, or 2 secs'
subiect's requirements for depth-of-field shorpness Exposure time is doubled for eoch smoller diophrogm
(see toble), moy be selected without the need for opening. For exomple, light volue 6:
merely is mode odlustment This recolculotion. further Shutler speed r/8 114 112 I (2) (4) (8) olone wheel speed control lhe shuiter by iurning
(pose 24). Diophrogm opening 2.8 4 5.6 8 1'l 16 72
26View original page 27Page 29 · Read text
Explonotions of the Picture Exomples: A High mountoins (snow) without foreground Open beoch B Sport scenes Bright streets ond squofes, open londscopes c Londscopes with foreground Groups in open oir D Groups in shode Street scenes wilh shode E Groups under lrees, lightly shoded Groups in gloss- roofed hollsView original page 29
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Ihe Exposure loble The exposure toble with itc light volues hos been
lighting Subiect brightness is eosily iudged ond clossified designdd for use with most often met with
by meons of the five stondord lighting conditions conditions ond serves lo prevent serious errors. ln
represented by two illustrotions eoch ot the top of difficult coses or for greotest occurocy, it is odvisoble
the ioble. to moke use of o photo-electric exposure meler. lf the
speed Film cpeed is indicoted ot the left by ASA figures ond meter is not colibroted for lighi volues, shutter
ot the right by l/10' DIN volues (see poge 43). ond diophrogm scoles ore set seporotely. Thus the
correct light volue will be indirectly oscertoined ond
Light volue is found where brightness ond film speed chonges to other combinotions moy be eosily ond columns cross. quickly mode in the previously described monner.
Light volue odiuslmenl, drre to overcost sky or when
sun is lower in ihe sky, is mode by use of lower Generol Exposure Rule: lt is not olwoys possible lo
scole. Upper scole: full sunshine lower scole: poir o sufficiently fost shulter speed (to minimize effect - overcost sky. The length ond intensity of your own of subiect motion) with o smcl! diophrogm opening
body's shodowwill give some ideo of light conditions. (for greoter depth of field). Obviously o compromiseThe obility to esiimote or':d choose lhe correcl light
volues for vorious lighting conditions ond times of is required ond it would be well to remember lhof
doy will soon come when you begin working on sunny under-exposure results in hopelessly lost shodow
ond cloudy doys. detoil, whereos over-exposure moy be compensoted
for lo o greot extent by proper processing. Therefore:Exomple: Color film 25 ASA (15/10' DIN), londscope o good generol rule for exposure:with foreground, sunny, noontime (shodows shori, no
light volue odiustment) : light volue I l. Avoiloble
s peed-d i o ph ro g m com bi n oti ons : I /25C-f | 2.8, 1 fl2S-I | 4, Alwoys expose for the shodows,etc. Some subiect in the ofternoon, longer shodows, .|0. rother o bit more thon too little !would require odiusted volue, perhops ll 1 : -View original page 30Page 31 · Read text
X M
o o
o
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Self-fimer Iever from M to X, pull out the spring locrded smcrll
knurled krrob. Shorter deloys thcrrr'10 seconds ore Synchro-lever (pogeThe 31) serves olso os the possible by merely moving tire lever only port of ihecocking Iever for ihe self-timer. ln self-tirner
shots o deloy of opproximotely ten seconds woy. Upon releose of ihe shutler rhe lever immedicriely
occurs between releose of the shutier ond the springs bock to X position @, indicoting ihot ihe
octuol exposure. Any shuiter speed, excepiing B, inechonism hos gone inio oction. This olso serves to
from 1 io 1/500th sec. moy be used. Cocking of the show thoi the X seiting is the only possible one io
self-timer mechonism is possible only ofier the shulier use when moking flosh self-timer shots (see 8 pcige 35).itself hos been cockeci, oncj is occomplished by swing-
terrsion shutier (crcrnk), tlren cocl< self-ing the Synchro lever from position X @ in the To Use: First
direction of the orrow until it stops @, To move tlre fimer. Releose shutier os usuol.View original page 31Page 32 · Read text
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III. FLASHLIGHT TECHN IQUE
In modern floshlight technique the comero shuiier Thus o I I types of instontoneous flosh exposures
lokes over the tosk of firing the bulb electricolly ore possible with the Rolleiflex.
ot the right moment. ln this woy instontoneous flosh The selection of flosh lomp-type depends on the
exposures ore possible with o hond-held comero. light output required by the subiect. Mony mokes ore
ovoiloble in three groups (normol, medium ondThe Synchro-Compur shutter in the Rolleiflex is, for high light output). The selection is dependent on the
this purpose, equipped wiih electricol contoct. The toking conditions, especiolly os to whelher o room
contoct moy be odiusted to the required deloy of of shollow or greot depth is to be illuminoted.
the flosh lomps by meons of the Synchro-lever: Selection of M-X lever posifion, opplicoble speed ronge
The X-conloct @ presents the simplest type of contoct ond exposures con be leorned from the instructions
(zero-deloy). lt is required for zero-deloy electronic of the different flosh light products. For the best known
mokes the toble on poge 32 contoins the necessoryflosh units (without reloy) ond o few flosh lomps. informotion ond ihe permissible shutter speeds.
The M-contqct @ meons f ullsynchronlzo- Connecling Flosh Unit: push flosh cord plug info the
t io n. lt works with most flosh lomps ond the electri- socket on ihe comero.
colly fired flosh powder (copsule flosh). The most Setting for desired flosh posilion: Pull out the smoll
importont odvontoge of the M-contoct: with certoin knurled knob somewhot ond swing lever to either X
flosh lomps it moy be employed ot the shorter shutter O or M @. The knurled knob will spring bock,
speeds even includi.ng 1/500th sec. Due to the full locking the lever in the chosen position.
synchronizotion the shutter is olwoys open when the Removing Flosh Cord Plug: unlock by swinging locking
flosh emitted by the lomp reoches its peok intensity. lever @.View original page 32Page 34 · Read text
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Explonotion of fhe loble of light from oll sources must be considered in
choosing the diophrogm opening.
The "Conlocl" column indicotes lhe corrcct setting
of the M-X lever for eoch lomp lype. The Effective Exposure Time (os indicoted in the toble
by meons of colored ink) is nct in eoch cose identicol
The "Shuller Speed" column shows the permissible to the shutter speed, but depends on the portion
speed ronge: . of the flosh lomp light output utilized:
Cenler: the recommended shuiter speed in- With X-Conlocl the durotion of the flosh itself is
cludes procticolly the entire light output of the octuolly shorter lhon ony of the permissible shutter
flosh [omp. This ossures the moximum illuminotion os speeds. Therefore, the durotion of the flosh (figure
well os the smollest diophrogm (for greoter depth of shown in porenthesis) is the effective oppropriote
field). The following opplies os o generol rule: exposure time ond the diophrogm opening must be
lhe some regordless of the shutter speed selected.
Use the sfondord re co m m e n d e d speed With M-Contoct the shutter speeds, f rom "fostest"
together with the correci setting of the to "recommended" foll within the duroiion of the
M-X lever for the lomp in use. flosh: they, therefore, represent lhe octuol exposure
time ond if the shutter speed is increosed, the dio-
phrogm must be opened occordingly. Only when[eft: the f o s t e st speed indicotes the limit to which slower shutler speeds ore employed is the fully uii-fhe shutter moy be set. For lively oction or sporls lized light output equol to the octuol exposuresubiects, the foster speeds ore employed. time, ond this is the some os the recommended speed.
Right: the exposure time moy be increosed to the The illustrotion should moke the utilizotion of the
s I o w e s t speed (l second or even lime exposures), ovoiloble flosh light still more obvious: the white
if, in oddition to the flqsh, it is desired to moke use symbols represent the flosh, ond their size, lhe
of existing light. In such coses the i o t o I omount utilized light ot the shutter speed employed.
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