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The Photogram - 1894 Product booklet
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- The Photogram - 1894
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- English
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MTE ?}TOTOGRAIW.
RN€NT
(EyfrE & 8P0TT|.8W00DE,Praprietors),
GREAT,HEW ST REET,,L0'ND0N, E.C.
.#,%....^^ -'\^-Fs\-\.Ar.\-'\1-'
r rrF 'rclaptat{on frr1/ new a of the well-hnolvq }Vooclburytype Permanent Photographic , t I
Printing Proccss is called til[OODbtttg'GfnUllfCo and is the outcomeof many I 5' yearsof experienceanclof constantand costly exireritncnt.
It is claimed that the nery process meegsa long-felt want on the part of publishers
generally, inasmuch as it is a.process'which is capable of reproducingwith equal facitity
Copies <lf llrash or Linc Drawings, Portraitsr'from Life, .Landscapes,,Reproductions of _
Photdgraphs,Paintings, Old EngraVings,and Sketchesof all kinds for the purposeof high-
classbook illustrations.
T[lOObbUtT'@UittrUfe has the follorving great advantages over other hightlass
Ixocesses,such as photo.engrilving,etc. :-
T. There is no initial eipense in,preparing a plat€.
?, There is tberefore no risk of such a plate being spoiled by a lerge edition, thus obviating the c o s t o f a s e c o n d . p l a t e . - , , , ' . . . . , " . ' ,
J,! The last capy pulled in Woodbury.Gravure is in every rvay equal to the first, whetber the
edition required is to or tgooo copiesr.
+ Production is more fapid.
5. The ink used is capable of being graduated to suit any particular artistic. effect that may tF
. regtrired. \
{ltOOD$Utgtppe Dftnttng gives a fac-simile silver or platinotype print, and is most useful to the pro. fessio-nJpholographeilforthe rapid pioductionof Largenumbersof prints in the minimumof timer
GOUOIgW Ef{ntlffg of the best descriptio+ aj the lowe.stpossille p'ri$.,
Gaf bOn Df{ntlffg for publicationpurposes,alio enlargementsupon p"p"t, opal, canvas,and ivory.
CAfbOn Elgg{tg is suppliedin cut pieces,in convenidntform, for amateurs'use.
A SbOrt Ureatise on tbe flrt of GarbOtt Srlntirrg for flmatgurg has beenprepared. Post free
four stenps.
D[AtinOtppg AnD ,${lVgt Ft{ntifrg, .in large or small quantities,for amsteursor the profession.
flmatgUfd llCgAtipgg developed,varnished,spotted,blocked-out,printed frbm, mounted,or enlarged.
DaIf=GOne OrOCegg filtOche of an improveddescription. Tley ar9 ma{q. o-n hard .copper,and.bear long nrimbers without pcrceptiblewear..For s[arpnessof detail, and light an{ shade,thesebloclcs
are unsurpassed'
- !^v v svvvvvw v v v u v !
.Pt"tccLhtt, Sl,ecinmt,4d d$infonnatien on alllicalion to
OR.EIT NEW STREET, LONDON, E.C.
lllorhs:*
CASTLE BAR, EALING, W.
,View original page 3Page 6 · Read text
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'TEE 1U. PT{OTOGRAM.
SENSITIZED PAPERS
$eailg SensitizeilT"pets.
IIOUBLE ALBUMETIIZED BRTLLIA]IT.
ITIATT SURFAGE.
scnblzlc's ENAInEL.
A Gelatine Paper with a hardened surface.
lBmutsto$! 1 4 . . Srpers.
The 0TT0" ?aper. "glossy Gelatino-chlor,dePaper. A
nir00tI'hePrittirusimplest of PirotographicDER.Platinu.'A(C(OEBY'SIPrinting ProcessesPizziu[0lliin existence. Pa[0r.
Full Particulars and Instructions on application to-
0TT0scH0LZlc,31,Binfield[oad,clapham,london,
Telegraphic Address : r' OsrestoR, LoNooN.View original page 6Page 8 · Read text
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TTTE PTTOTOGRAM.
Trrrcnapsrc Aponrss: " HENf'SCHEL. LONDON." NarroNer, Tnrrpnonn No. 2866.
L HTNTSCHEL & CO.,
gtreet ?rtoto €retter{8e€n ryrader{,
t * *
182, 188, & 184a, Fleet Stneetn London,n. E, nV I I E f f i l9^r
And a.t WEST NORWOOD, -I-\ I
The Leading London lllustrated Papers have nou/ adopted CARI- HENTSCHEL'S
System of Reproduction, a sufficient guarantee that his work
. . is of the highest quality. . .
Our Facilities for Engraving all kinds of Illustrations for Books, Magazines, Newspapers, and Catalogues,
whether Half-tone or Line, by our process are unexcelled.
E.stifiates, price T,lsts, Specinrenganb anp otlrer infornrationwitt be forwarbeb on
applicRtion.
T elegrams.'-'{ COLLOf YPE, LONDON.''
PHOTO-PROCESS BLOCKS.
HENRY TUITE & CO. have completed their arrangements to supply their Pnocrss
Br,ocrs, Half-tone and Line,
TO THE PROFESSION
AT WORKABLE PRICES.
PERFECT SCREEN NEGATIVES ALSO SUPPLIED.
ARTISTS IN COLLOTYPE,
I 68, Dennington Park, West llampstead, London.
u?uPH0T0- lFhotograeure. thatf"Gone,
AUTOCO?YIST. The SIMPLEST anci CHEAPEST PROCESSfor the
Reproductionof Photographsof any subject.
Equal- to the best Reproductions by the Collotype or
Platinotype Process6s.
Write for Price Lists ancl Specimens, or call and see il
uorfttng.
Sor-e Pno
THE. AUTOCOPYIST CO,.'
72, L,ONDON IITALL, I/ONDON, E.C. lpboto"l,itbo. ARMLEYLEEDS.View original page 8Page 12 · Read text
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TEE PTTOTOGRAM. tx
reat
Stghttt.etde lot
##### ShotoSraphg.
Adarnson'sNew?atentINCANDESCENT
systern:-
Excels Daylight
Shontest Exposune
Ready a't a Moment's Notice
Great Economy
Under Perfect Gontrol
Ga,nnot get out of orden
Any effect can be nepea,ted, a,s often a,s
desired, with equal results
No Pnevious Experience required
€
The system,in workingord.er,may be t..nu;r, any time between9 a.m. and 6.3o P.m.,
'\ry', SICHEL & CO.'S Showrooms, 47, Oxford St., London,9. €rft€=*-o-
APPLICATIONS TO
Messrs. ADAMSON BROS.,
-- 136, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
I
OR TO
O. SICHEL & CO., 52, Bunhill Row, London, E.C.View original page 12Page 15 · Read text
r{*ry
TT{E PIIOTOGRA]I.
g94-5, f
88th Yea.n Issued.
V .sSP
t ANrr r L) ^t\)-
^- {.^-I. V r.-^. \- SO]I|PRE[|E]I|SII/E D <) tr>- 2 CAUI.5.ITq^GII E >
PhotographicMaterials,
Chemicals,andApparatus.
TstscRlpHtc ADDREss-" FALLoWFIELD, LoNDoN."
JONATHAIIT'AIIOWI'IELD,
CENTR^II.L PMOTOGR^U'PUIC STORES,
146,CHARINGCROSSROAD,W,
POST X'REE ONE SIIILIJING.
Eoreign stampsfrorn abrood' aoce,tted'
copyRrcHT.r .ENT. sTA. HALL.View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
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THE IPHCTCGRAU.
Vor. I. JUNE, t894. No. 6.
. COPyRIGHT.-This Masazine. as a zahole. zaith its contents, both literary and Pictorial, is cofyright; and the
cop2t.'igh.t..isregigter.e(... !h9.designd.,o.l t4e inittal letters, tail-pjecbs, etc,, a.re'separaiell registered.--TFe designs of tnosl oI the ortgtnal tltustratrcns tn rhe adaernsementrs are reStslered atso.
Our confemboraries are aery zuelcomteto quole frovn our Dages (wt.th achnowledgrnent), but we propose to protect
ourselues and oilr adaertisers. a-gainst pirotes-espeiiallst agafnsl those no-account dealers zuho make up catalogwes,
etc., by lheft oJ other people's idcas.
JENA CLASS AND THE NEW LENSE5.
(Concluded.)
Bv Rrv. T. PnnxrNs.
LENS of crown glass, thicker Where;( , f, are the focal lengths of the two lenses
at the centre than at the cir- cemented together, &rt ltz the refractive indices for
cumference, is combined with an5' special coloured tight of the glasses of which
a lens thinner at the middle the lens are made, and 1u, * dryr, ltz * dqz the re-
than at the circumference fractive indices for another coloured light, and .F the
in such a manner that the focal length of the combination. It must be remem-
combination is thicker in bered thatrf, and f, are of opposite algebraical signs,
the middle than at the cir- so that unlessrf, andfn differ considerably inmagni-
cumference; this will form an image, and by pro- tude, I/F would be very small and F- ,very great.
Derlv choosing the thicknesses and curves any Now unless the quantitr"s 3!!' and 3t3- differ
iwo- colours can be combined. But all cannot & r - I p z - I
be combined, owing to the irrationality of the considerablyr we see from the equation (z) that
spectrum produced by prisms of different kinds of .ft x -f" must be nearly equal. These quantities are
.g1ass. Suppose the two prisms are so chosen that called the relative dispersions, and denoting them by
the total length of the spectra from the red to the I
violet when each is used singly are the same if these VL ano y,f2 equation (z) may be expressedthus-
light and a beam of white side, placed side b1' are
that it may happen separately, each passed though is L.,a T, : o
the yellow is refracted more by one than the other, so Jt Jz
rthat the spectra are as represented in fig. 3; if these Now, as has already been said, these quantities
two prisms are placed in contact as described above, denoted by V vary in the Jena glassesfrom /o ta r9'7.
the violet and red will be united, but there will be Take, for example, two glasses,a Medium Phos'
' outstanding yellow. By suitably choosing the angles phate crown and a Borate flint, in which the dis-
of the prisms the second spectrum may be shortened, persions at various parts of the spectrum are very
so that the distance of the red from the yellow may nearly proportional, in the first, I/t - 66'g; in the
be the same length and the violet of the first allowed second, V2 : Jl'2,
rto remain uncorrected ; something of this kind is From the second equation we get
,done with telescope objectives. For photographic r 66'q I
lenses the second spectrum is lengthened, so that the
yellow and violet are the same distances apart, so that -f' 55'2 J z
ithe most chemically active and the brightest visual Hence, if we wish to produce a combination ol
tay may be combined and brought to a focus ten inch focus, since lenses thicker at the middle
together, the outstanding red rays which do not than at the circumference have a negative focus, we
affect the sensitive plate being disregarded. must put F : - Io, and must substitute the value just giveus this will in the first equation; for rlJ, found glasses manufactured the new Among at Jena, In other - - I'65 nearly: nearlv, hencerf, and fr-z refractive indices-but pairs of different however,
dispersing the light without so much irrationality- words, the crown lens must be thickest in the
may be obtained ; hence it is possible by means of a middle, with a focal length of nearly rfr rnches, and
combination of two lenses cemented together to com- the flint lens thinnest in the middle, with a focal
bine three colours almost completely, only a slight length of about z inches. Using these glasses,there-
€xcess of red or violet remaining when the other is fore, we shall thus obtain a lens almost entirely free
perfectly combined with the yellow. from colour. The focal length of a lens is connected
Two formule given in all works on geometrical by the following formula with the curvature of the
optics must here be given before the advantage ot surfaces.
fully understood. be the new glasses can ! - I J = e,-r)' ' ( I r I s l \ \ r J ( r ' 'f,*E=r when r and s are the radii of the surfaces. Now
( z \ d P r x ' * d l ' n x r = o since the two lenses are to be cemented, the numeri-
I t t - l f , p z - t f , cal value of the radii of curvature of the tu'o sur-View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
r 3 0 TTTE PTTOTOGRAIII.
'must
faces in contact be the same. hence the The more formidable rivals of the old Rectilinears
optician has three curvatures connected bv two rela- are the Zeiss and Goerz lenses ; the forrner are made
tions only, so that he can choose these so as to get in six different series, with full apertures ranging
rid of other aberrations as far as possible. from fl4'5 to flr8, and focal lengths from z]'onlyin. The method of calculating the focal lengths of the 65 in. The latter at preseni are made 1o
component lenses above described is not peculiar to in two series, one workinC;t and the other jt
the Jena glass; the advantage of the new Jena, glass -fltr. The Zeiss and Goerz aie"f17.7entirelv different in
is the possibility of finding corresponding flints and construction, and each has its o*n a*"-a1larr".r.
crowns with proportional dispersion. Unfortunately, The Zeiss Series L, II., III., IIIa., are formecl of
however, the new borate crowns and flints are in- two combinations, the front one consisting of two
jured by exposure to damp air, hence they cannot cemented glasses, and the back one of three glasses
safely be used for the outer glasses of compound cemented together. Series IV. and V. have only two
lenses, but when three lenses are cemented together glasses in each combination. The Zeiss construc-
the borate glass may be used for the middle one. It tions differ entirelyrin principle from that which we
may be noticed, however, that in the catalogue of the meet with in R.R.'s. There is no approach to sym-
Jena manufactory five crown glasses and six flints metry in the two combinations. The front one i! of
are mentioned as generally sufficient for photographic very long focus compared with the back, which
lenses, and of these five are said to exactly corre- drffers but little from the focus of the complete lens.
spond with the ordinaryoptical glass manufactured by Th-e makers hardly claim for these lenses ali that they
Chance. More recently other glasses have been in- will do, as on reference to their catalogues it will bL
troduced at Jena under the name of Baryta Light seen that the size of plate covered sharply by each
Flints, which possess considerably less dispersion lens rvith the second stop is given; it-willi how-
than ordinary light flints of the same refractive ever, be generall-v found that it is capable of cover-
indices. The object in view is to allow the neces- ing pla_tes of the size mentioned with the largest
sarydrfferences in refraction and dispersion betrveen stop. Of course these lenses, like all others, musi be
positive and negative lenses to be obtained by pairs stopped down to get objects at different distances in
of glasses of lower dispersion than those formerly focus together; their special virtue is that stopping
used. It is also claimed that by special modes of down need not be resbrted to in order to oUtain
manufacture at Jena glass freer from colour than marginal definition.
usual can be made. The freedom of glass from any The Goerz double anastigmat consists of two sym-
yellow tinge is of great importance to photographers, metrical combinations, each of three glasses, ce-
save in special cases when isochromatic plates are mented together, the central glass being a flint
I used, since a yellow lens, like a yellow screen, placed between two crowns, but with refrictive in-
lengthens the necessary time of exposure. dex, intermediate between those of the two crown
There can be no doubt that the investigations of glass-lenses, those on the outside of the complete
f)rs. Abbe and Schott are both highly interesting and doublet having the highest index. Each lens,- like
valuable, and that by the manufacture of new glasses those of the ordinary doublets, is, therefore con-
they have put new powers in the hands of opticians, pletely corrected lbr spheric:il and chromatic aberra-
but, on the other hand, it mustnot be supposed that tions and for astigmatism.
the new glasses will work miracles, and it must also The field of the Zeiss lenses we have tried is not
be remembered that many lenses aclvertised as made quite sg flat as those of the Concentric and the Goerz
of, and really made of, glass manufactured at .Jena lenses, but they have a great advantage over the con-
are made of glass identical with that which has for centrlc in point of rapidity, and the three lower num-
many years been manufactured in England. Hence bered series have a similar advantase over the more
we need not cast aside our old favourite lenses, rapid series of the Goerz lenses. Thesi latter profess to
which have done good work for us hitherto, expect- work atflT'l, but in the specimens which we have ex-
ing that a Jena glass lens will enormously impiove amined the diameter of the largest aperture was one-
the character of our work. ninth only of the focal Iength ; trence in rapidity it
_ Specimens of all the new lenses have passed only slightly exceeds the Zeiss Series IIIa.. wtrich
through our hands, and have been carefully trled on works at-flg; we say slightly exceeds, because owing
the camera, views being chosen which would bring to the compression of the rays by the front lens the
out their peculiar properties. The Concentric will actual effective aperture of a stop with a diameter
probably not come into general use, its price is high; equal to one-ninth of the focal length is rather more
and though flatness of field has been secured, to- thanf,g. If we compare two lenses, aZeiss Series
gether with freedom from astigmatism, yet spherical II. capable of working at f16.3 with a rGoerz of the
aberration has not been cured, and it is onlv by the same focal length, and if both- are stopped down to
use of a small stop, aboutlfl2o, or.vetr s-uil.titt ut the same aperture, say flg, it will be found that.
sharpness is obtained, and a stop of this size will do they will cover about the same sized plate, but
much to flatten the field of the ordinary Rapid or owing to the greater flatness of field of fhe Goerz
Wide-angled Rectilinears, which are capable, when the marginal definition with it will be rather better.
required, of being used over a limited angle, and on assuming that the subject is a flat one, but the Zeiss
certain subjects with an aperture to whrch the new will have the advantage of being capable of being
Concentric cannot be opened out. There is one use- used on a smaller plate with a larger aperture. And
ful -purpose to which these lenses might be put if the if we compare the Goerz, with a Zeiss Series IIIa,
makers would issue them with larger stopsf and that the full aperture of which is ffg, equal rapidity will
is the production of pictures with a flat field, but be obtained, but the Zeiss will when stopped down
with sufflcient spherical aberration present to secure further cover without showrng dark corners a much
that diffusion of focus which has so great a charm larger plate than the Goerz. As regards absence of
for many workers. astigmatism they are about equal ; with tull apertureView original page 17Page 18 · Read text
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TI{E PE{OTOGRAM. I 3 I
there is a very slight trace of spherical aberration in for picforial or artistic purposes this lens will scarcely
the Goerz. The Zeiss lenses have the advantage of ever be employed. Evervone is familiar with the
greater equality of illumination than the Goerz form. unpleasant though trutlrful perspective which we
But both the Zeiss and Goerz lenses are a great ad- see irr architectural pictures taken with wide
vance on any types previously existing, and it may angle lenses, owing to the camera having been
tre safely stated that lenses the more rapicl series placed too near the building, or from too much of
will cor.ier with almost microscopical definition a the subject having been included I now exactly an
plate with length equal to their own focal length opposite but equally unpleasant effect is obtained if
when a stop of flg or flro is used. the camera is placed too far away, and only a small
The prices ate higti and to many will be prohibi- angie is included. The horizontal lines of two
tive, but it may be a satisfaction to such to know that walls of a rectangular building taken opposite to tbe
they need not despair of producing equally good work angle from a distance of a quarter of a mile or so,
from a technical point of view with their old lenses I and with such a long equivalent focus that it fills
generally it will only require the use -of a rather the whole of the plate, vl'ill not perceptibly converge,
Jmaller stop to secure quite as sharp results. For two as the vanishing points will be at a distance of so
kinds of work, however, the new lenses possess ad- many feet on either side of the centre of the picture
vantages, namely, for interiors and snap shots in dull plane, hence the idea of solidity in the form is lost,
weather, when the possibility of using a large stop and the picture will look flat. When used, hou'ever,
without loss of definition is a thing much to be desired. so as to produce only a moderate amount of amplifi-
Dallmeyer's Telephotographic lens places a new cation. as; for instance to convert a 6 in. or 8 in.
power in the hands of photographers, lut it is only focussed lens into one of not more than 20 to 25
ir, rare instances that this power will find scope for inches focus, this lens will be a most useful addition
its exercise. Absolute clearness of atmosphere 4nd to the outfit of any photographer; but it will always
freedom from the least vibration in the camera are require judicious use, and is not an instrument to be
absolutely necessary lor technically good resrrlts, and used indiscriminately.
NOVEL EFFECTS.
ARIETY is one of the greatest of different lightings. Such application and atten-
charms of a good photogra' tion to detail could not tfail to tell upon the artist's
pher's work, and yet, in a work, even if he had not been the genius that he
busy professional studio, it is undoubtedly was.
one that it is difficult to culti- Even with the greatest pains, it is not every man
vate. It is impossible to saY who can or who ought to trust himself to invent
how much of the depression poses and lighting effects; and many who can
in photography is due to the rr'rn oh a few stereo' irrange a very beautiful effect when quiet and alone
typed poses and lightings, a small series-of -acces- cannot safely do so when busl'. with exacting sitters.
s-oiiesiand retouchers'work that brings the indivi A plan adopted by Mr. A. Smith, of Southampton,
duality of skins and faces to a dead level, but one of the most successful portrait artists on the
undoubtedly the tameness and sameness of studio South Coast, may be found useful. This gentleman,
portraiture has been one of the factors in driving who has a studio in which he can work either end,
photograms- rtout of fashion." leaves one end for the ordinary run of work; and at
To put anything like variety and originality into the other end makes a new and often elaborate
our work we must be able and willing to devote arrangement of background and accessories every
much time, thought, aud labour to it. Like the best d.y. This is not changed during the day, and its
{' impromptu " speeches, impromptu inspirations in arrangement is the result of calm consideration, with
treating sitters depend on long and careful prepara- plenty of time. It may be used, or it may not.
tion. A painter clevotes time, often a long time, to Sometimes three or four suitable sitters may come ;
the study bt nis sitter; and since the photographer but if not, the other end of the studio is used entirely.
cannot glve this time, it is the more necessary that For those who have much children's work this plin
he should be thoroughly acquainted with his acces' has many advantages, and even if a new setting is
sories, etc., and should have considered beforehand arranged every day for a week, and never used, the
what it is possible and what it is impossible to use educational value of the work is very great.
under given circumstances. Some of the greatest For those who, as yet, do rrot feel confident enough
workers realise this the most full5'. Adam Salomon, to originate (and it is dangerous to erperirnent on a
whose work brought photographers in numbers, even paying sitter), such suggestions as the two accom-
l'rom America, to learn how it was done, was as panying these notes may be useful ; not if slavishly
regular and earnest in his practising as a professional copied, but if used as suggestions merely. And in
piinist or violinist must be. He devoted an hour the picture-galleries, the print-shops, the illustrated
6net3r tttottting before any sitters came to the plan' press, and the scrap-albums of the children many
memory all suggestions may be found. S. N. Bhedwar, whoserFningof effecti and to refreshing in his
the wealth of knowledge he had gained from experi- work is world-famous, has thousands of scrap studies,
ence. He used two lay figures, one dressed in white collected from all possible sources, and mounted in
and the other in black, to give the extreme of diffi' scrap-books. Some of his best groups of children
culty, and spent th9 tlme in posing and arranging are from advertisements of soaps and patent medi-
them jn a viriety of different attitudes, with a variety cines. Many of them are cheap German ChristmasView original page 18Page 21 · Read text
1 3 4 TEE PTIOTOGRAM.
ON PHOTOCRAPHINC THE NUDE.
Br- GrnrsoN \Mrrlrr.
IV.
HILDHOOD in the nude must be the last subject to.
close these rambling papers. '-fhis class of work,
unlike those we have belore considered, is only too
popular to-day I and, ifanything, too eagerly accepted
!y Mrs. Grundy. The beauty of a young child's
lSure is beyond praise; at every period of Art it has
found admirers. The cherubs- and the amorini of
the Renaissance may be named in passing, merely to
bring to mind the thousands, poJsibly mittioni of
nude baby figures that play so prominent a part in
the sculpture and decoration generally in the great
revival of classic art which yet controls half the.
archifecture of our modern cities. From the cupids
ol Raphael to the baby in a tub, sponge and all, of
a soap advertisement, is a wide step artistically, yet
the beautiful little figure may be equaily delightful in
either. One can but feel, however, that the realism
of the nursery so beloved by mothers should be
avoided as much as possible. The after effects are
apt to be very trying to the unfortunate models.
For Reggie, when he has obtained his commission
and become engaged, to light upon one of these early
photographs as he shows his family portraits to his.
betrothed, is hard on Reggie. A popular and
pompous celebrity opening a Strand Magazine of the
year A.D. rg2o say, will hardly feel a thrill of pride
to discover that the curious sequence of portraits,
reproduced therein, begins with his pomposity sitting
in a wash-hand basin, grasping a sponge and a tin.
soldier.
Commercialiy, no doubt, these things must needs
Pholog'ran by) I ur. HatbLd1ttards. be ; but those who seek after art, utay essay better-
The rare perfection of the baby's limbs needs, on
oxe hand, no sham setting of clouds and crude wings to make it a picture; but the domestic insignia of
the bath are equally superfluous. Perhaps it were best to keep the accessories quite secondary, abso-
lutely of no importance in themseives-mere draperies or quiet plain curtains-that do not force themselves
upon the spectator. Certain natural objects, a shell held to the ear with the child's wonder at catching
the music of the ocean from its convoluted tubes, or a branch of leaves, are hardly likely to be objection-'
able. Even simple artificial objects, as a hoop or a ball, may be quite in keeping; but dollies, fl.ttry
wool lambs, and the rest give a Christmas-number-colored-supplement effect that cannot be held to.
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Photog'ram byl lDr, Eall Eauards,View original page 21Page 23 · Read text
r36 TEE PEOTOGRAM.
its rotund proportions, too near a rivalry to the lines amorini-the ideal of sculptured childhood, even as
of a plump sausage or a bolster, to come within the the Apollo or the Venus of Milo represents the ideal
canons of the highest art, especiallv when color, of the matured figure.
which is its most exquisite attribute, is very faintly Probably the enormous difficulty in seeuring
suggested by the monochrome of photographic groups of nude children would frighten even the
pigments. r' A baby's feet like sea shells pink, a baby's boldest experimentalist; yet the results, if success-
hands like rosebuds furled ; " or the baby's eyes, ful, might be artistically and commercially of great
as Swinburne has so charmingly sung them in his value. The graceful studies which, by the kind-
Etude Realiste, can never be quite adequately illus- ness of the artists, Dr. Hall-Edwards and Mr.
trated by a photogram. Then the dainty charm of Spink, I am enabled to reproduce here, charming as.
color which is beyond its grasp would tempt one to they are, are obviously portrait studies. In them the
wish that more symmetricaily proportioned age had object has been, rightly enough, to represent the in-
been chosen to supply perfection of form as its dividual child selected ; the others are equally charm-
reason for existence. For a child r{rising three." as ing and have besides an added interest in their
Southey put it, seems often enough as neir ideal per- pictorial completeness. Art, however, may be
fection as we can hope to discover it in llesh and entirely unconcerned with the likeness, when seeking
blood. At that period the deforrnities which cos- for decorative motives ; and one fancies a series of'
tume inflicts are (or should be) unknown, and the child figures disposed in architectural featuresn.
chif dren playing with a Mask. lo' G' Rejldlkler
easy movement of the limbs, the tender modelling lunettes, spandrils, circular windows, and nicheg
of the surfaces, and the rrtexture " of the flesh are would be of considerable use to carvers and IIequally delightful. But here prurience is apt to decorators generally, who are not always able to
step in and forbid undraped photograms being obtain modeG for th6ir work. even if thev lailed to,
taken. This may or may not be logicil; but is at catch the happy expression of the face ihat marks
least unfortunate for the artist with the camera those reprocluced.
who is ambitious and realises the exquisite grace ot The Glasgow authorities who have forbidden
such subjects. the public display of photogravures after some of our
It seems more in keeping with the color of the most celebrated modern artists, represent the aver-
model that light backgrounds and draperres should be age prejudice against the nude. Those who are
employed. Of course, for sculpture and r,the life,, constantly in an atmosphere of art and literature,
generally, the average taste inclines to rich dark where things are viewed from other standpoints, are
backgrounds on which the cast shadows are unno- apt to ignore this old Puritanical dislike to the
ticed, and the figures marked out in sharp silhouette, human form. Differing from such critics to the ex-
firm and prominent. Yet a series tear at hand, with treme point of divergence, I do not think it fair to
a white rug for the floor and a white sheet for the label them as prurient people of nasty ideas. Nar-
background, secures some of the charm of bas-relief. row and uncultured, they must needs be, but strong
and offers a pictorial-sculptural effect which is pecu- words will not bring peace. If the violent animosity
liar to the delightful art of low relief. This fbrms to the idealised nude is thus openly demonstrated,
by association - especially in keeping with the we can but faintly imagine their attitude to the pho-View original page 23Page 25 · Read text
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640 TEE PEOTOGRAM.
iFrom the Autocopyist Co. we have some very fine Beekman Street, New York. The sketch will show
samples of work done with their photo-autocopyist. its construction, and (to anyone who has used such
They are the more pleasing since some of the eiilier cells) its advantages. It can easily be provided, for
:samples were very poor, and did an injustice to the process work, rvith specially long screws, so that by
process. It may be said to be collotype made easy,
,and as a first step in process work can be recom-
'mended to photographers. Many a man who has
slack time on his hands for half the year might pro-
rfitably employ it in printing local view stationiry,
.etc.
Three color work is pressing forward surely, if
,sloyly, and there seems reason, in spite of the many
,difficulties in the way, to hope that it may soon be
as easy to print 'r in natural colours " as it now is to
iproject natural color lantern-slides. The work of I
changing the packing the thickness of the cell can be
varied. The advantage of this only occurs when
using fine optically worked glass for the sides, the
expense of which may make it desirable not to have
too manv cells.
The following ls a good method of preparing the
solution of bitumen for coating plates :-
Sensitive Bitumen 13 parts
Benzole ... 288 ,,
Oil of Lavender (common) 8 ,,
Dissolve the bitumen in the benzole, and then add
the oil of lavender. The solution is filtered and
protected from light. The plates are then carefully
coated with a thin coating, preferably by means of a
whirler, and exposed. To develop, place the plate
in a solution of turpentine, and the parts protected
from light should wash away without rubbing. If
Ives is known everywhere; and R. D. Gray, working development is found to be slow, add to the turpen-
on similar lines. has demonstrated his results in the tine a small quantity of benzole. If too much
flantern in large halls in New York and Brooklyn. benzole is added, there will be a tendency for the
The accompanying cut, copied from The Scientific solution to attack the exposed parts. After develop-
American, represents the lantern used. Though ment, wash under a gentle stream of water. The
fitted for four slides, only three are used, each being plate is then ready for the first etch.
a positive from a negative taken through a colored The solution can be applied to copper, zittc, or
:scr€€D. The image is in each case projected through steel.
.a similar colored screen to the one used in making
the negative. Dr. Miethe has suggested the following as a sub-
stitute for aqueous mountants for gelatino-chloride
The following method has been recommended for prints which have a high gloss:-
'etching steel. Solutions are made as follows:.- Alcohol ... roo parts
Shellac o il
r. Nitrate of Silver 8 parts Mastic 5 ,, Distilled \Mater... 250
z. Sodium Acetate... 8 , ,
Distilled Water... 250 ,, A writer in the Photograpkisches Wochenblatt, on the subject of reproductions by photography, advises
No. r and 2 are rnixed, and add strong nitric acid
-45o parts in summer, and in winter 5oo parts. allcleanwhosuchhavebeforeto attemptingphotograph to oldreproduceoii paintingsthem. Weto
Next make a solutron of equal parts of methylated think that this is very dangerous advice to give. Oil alcohol and water. parts Mix equal this vvith of the paintings I in fact, any paintings should only be given,:solution above and pour into a and dish, allow touched by an expert who thoroughly understands
to stand for a few minutes before the steel is placed them. It is not so very long ago that a valuablein it to be etched. painting by Burne.Jorles was completely ruined by
a photographer tampering with it. If artists and
The best liquid cell that we have seen for the lan- connoisseurs find that photographers are in the
rtern, or for holding the light-filtering medium in the habit of applying solutions to their pictures they
three-colorprocess,is made by J.B. Colt and Co., 16, rvill be chary of lending thern.View original page 25Related documents and language editions
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