COLTON'S COMMON SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY - Pt. 02 Product booklet — PDF Download

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OO}I}TON SCIIOOL GI'OGRAI'IIY.

LESSON XXV. /2, DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICA.
l. Atnerica is noteil for its great lakes ancl rivcls, its 10. The climate of the'W-estern Plateau is mild ancl equable, but "Yorth
cxtensive plains, and lofty mourrtairis. very dry I becanse the vapols flom Ure Pacific oce&n ale coudelsed
2. ILs Suryal/ embrac,es thrce scctions t thc- Great Central by the coltl summits of the Sierra Nevada. over r'hich the rvesterly
?/uirt, tlrc Atlantic Slope, anrl the Tfestern ?lateau. winds pass, deprived of their moisture. lVest of these mountains,
. 3. The Greal Central ?lain lics bcitrvcen the Alleghany the climate is moist ancl rvarm. 11. The southeru part of lfexico ancl tlie l.liole of Ccutral l\Iountains and the Itocky }lountains. It corrtains tu'o slopes- America, bering sittrtcrd south <if the 'I'ropic. of Cancer, have a onc torvard the Arctic Ocean. arril the other torvarcl thc Gulf of tropi.cttl clirnate ; thlrt is, corrstant tt:rtrrrtlt, but altcnurtcly rlry llexico. seasons ancl those of alrnost incessaut lain.
4. The 1/attey of the J'fississippl forms the plincipal part 12. The l-holc of North An-rclica nolth cif 55o of latitutlc is a of thc southcrn slopc. Thc castern portiou of this valley is fertile; rlreary tvastc, irrtenscly coltl, uitl ncrlrlv all unfit fol crtltivetion. thc western abouncls in lrrailies. or treeless rcrqions.
Slopcr rncl thc1 5. The Atlantic Slo1te is a nat'rou'strip betrvecn the Alleghany rc. ?regetation is rnost abundant iu the ,\tlantic region hishlancls this oligiu- n'as it orr thc rvcst. AIi skirt rvhich nllmetous by and the Atlantic Ocean. llountains It is intersecteclI maplc, dense o{' oak, pine, ehn, etc., forcsts btt ally covered I'itir rl'atm suppliecl abunclant the tnoistttre by being and withilrivers,
I rviucls fi'orn the Gulf of }Ie-xico a,ucl Atlantic Ocean. is rvcli has been partially clearecl for cultivatiou. hr thc southcm palt of this section, flol'ering trecs, such as the rur,gnolia alcl tulip tree, u'ooclecl. ancl the palmetto, a kin,1 of plhn, abouncl.
6. The Great Tfestern ?lateau embraces neariy all the 14. 'I'he cxtlone l'cstcnr portions of tJrc \\rcsteln Plltceu tlso territory west of the Central Plain. On the east sicle are the
Rocky Mountains, and on the west, the Sierra Nevada ancl the abounrl in forcsts. 'Ihe lrinc fllrnily is palticultlly alnrndant, auil
Coast Range. In the southern part is the Plateau of Mexico, on is remalkablc for hcight. The retl-rvood and the "big trees" of California are gigantic eycl'grccns i some of the latter reach Ure which stand. the loftiest peaks in North America. wond.erful height of 450 feet, 'with a trunk 36 feet in diameter.
7, In Central Antericct the mountains have a rnuch lcss ele- 15. Irr tbe Eot flegt)ons of llc-xico anrl Ccntt'al ,\nrerica the
vation, and at the Isthnms are quite low I whilc in the extreme vegctation is very lttxrrliarrt. Ilero glou' the nrahoga,ny ancl rose-
nolthu'cstern palt of tlie contiuent the peaks arc neally as high n'ood trccs, the blltrlua, pine-aPPle, tncl letnou, and tLe c:o(roanut
as those of soutlicrn Nexico. palm; 'u.hile coffee, slrgtf, ancl tobacco are also protlucecl.
8. Clint,ate. 'Ihe northcrn portions of tlic Atlentic Slolre hrve 16. Tlrc Cokl fregiotts of thc nolth plotluce firs and pines, in
a rnuch scvcret clirnate tiurn the westeln palts of the coutinent in tJrc morc ternperate portions; ncat'tLe Arctic coast, the only vege-
thc sarnc latitucler I bnt the temperature rapidly irrc,relses rs lr'e tation consists of rlosses ancl licliens, the soil bcinq fiozen all the
proceecl ton'arcl thc Gulf ycar rorurd.
9. Thc Central Plnin, bc'ing situatetl filrthcr fi'om thc ocean,'is 1?. Among the \l'iltl Androals of North America are the polar
colder in the northern lrrrt than the correspontling portion of the and grizzly bear, the wolf, fox, otter, beaver', buffalo, musk-ox, elk
Atlautic Slopc. Thc (iulf f,ol'lanrls ale quitc hot. or moose, and other kinds of cleer.

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COMl\[ON SCI{O OL G EOG RAPIIY

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Blitish Oolumbia, trfanitoba, and Pliuce Edu'ar:d Island, besidcs I,,,ESSON XXIX. Rupert Land, or Nortltn'est Tcrritory.
BRITISH POSSESSIONS.
1. The Britislt ?ossessionJ embrace more than one-third of 2. The governrnent is vestetl iu a Governor-General, appointcd by the sovereign of Englancl. The capital of the Domiriiorr isNorth America, having an alea of about 3,500,000 squale miles..
This country is remarkable for its cold climate, its rrumerous lakes, Oltaya.
and its villuable fur-bearing animals. 3. Xach of the seven suboltlinate provinces is goverrrecl by a
Lieutenant-Govetnol, and has its owtt local lcgislature. 2. This ertensivc region comprises tlte Oontintlon of Can-
is 4. ONTARIO. 'Ihis province, formerly callcd Canatla \\-est,arlct and thc province of "Meafo?tndlail.d. In the lbrmcliricludcd. tb.e .tVot't/tyest IeryitorJ, or 1h,rytert Zand. has an undulating surface, anil a soil ancl climate cluite favorable
to agriculture. \\rhcat and oats are thc staple products.
3. NE\YI'OUI{DLAND. The prorince ot ilerylfoundland 5. Tlre fuhattitants are chiefly emigrants from the Britishir clucles the islancl of Newfourrdland aud. the eastcrn shore of the Islands and the Unitetl States, or thcir dcscendants. 'I'hey aleIreninsula of Labrador.
generally Protestants.
4. The surface of the island is rocky and its soil barren, the 6. Thc Ridcau ancl Wc,lland canals afforrl a passage to r.csselschief suppolt of the inhabitants beiug tho cod-fishelies, which are between the Grcat Lakes and Urc Atlantic Occau. Thc fornrerUre most extcusive in the world. extentls from Ottarva to Kingston, the latter crosses the neck
5. These fisherics are ncar the coast of Newfoundland antl between lakcs Ontario ancl Eric.
Lalrrrdor', and at shallorv placcs iu the oce&n, called butks. I)euse ?. The Capdtat and metropolis of Ontario is Zbrontor' the
fogs prer.ail at these banks aud on the neighbtrring coasts. otlrcr most important torvus aru: /[6yy2[/f6zz, distinguished for its
E. St. Joltns is tlre capital ancl chicf torvn of the province. lake commercel antl l{ittgston, a naval stalion ab lhe elllux of
Lake Ontario.
Qurstroxs.-What do the British Possessions embrace? Area? For what 8. QUEBXC. This provincc, formclly called L'anada Ea-"t, is does What docsis comprisc the country this region remarkable ? ? 2. \YLat noted. for its exteusive forests, picturesque scenery, and scvele does Ncrvfound- Dominion the Province Canada include ofthe of \\'hat ? 3.
lanil include? 4. I)escribe the Islancl of Newfbundland. What is the chief climate.
support of the inhabitants ? 5. Where are the cod-fishcrics? Where do delse 9. Tlre Inhabtltants arc, to a g-rent extetrt, of ll'r'crrch origiu,
fogs pgpvail? 6. Desoibe St. J<,rhns. and are mostly Ilomau Catholics.
10. Lumbcring is an occupation yerv generdly pursued I aud --_+i8<€3(ic1>€<-- larc-e rafts of timber arc floated do'rvu Ure Ottawa aud the St.
LESSON XXX. L,,a\\'rence.
THE DOMINION OF CANADA. 1'l-. .lfontrea\, the largest town iu Canatla, is on an island of
many 1. The f)ominion of Canacla is a confcd.cration comprising the same n&me, in the St. Lawr€dlce. It is lotetl for its
the provinces of Orrtario, Quebec, Ne'lv llruirsrvick, Nova Scotirr,, splcnditl edifices, and the Victoria Ii'idge &cross the St. LarYrencc,

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NEW ENGLAND.
LESSON XXXIIT. LESSON XXXIV.
OUESTIONS ON THE MAP OF NEW ENGLAND. REVIEW EXERCISES.
What is the Scala of this Ma.p ? . STATES.
What a,re their boundnrias ? Tluir m,pital^s I
Bourne,nrps.-'What province north of New England ? What State on Maine? New Hampshire? Yermont ? Massachusetts ? Rhode Island ?
the west? 'What water on the south and east? 'What province east of Connecticut ?
IIaine ? 'What river and bay form pert of the eastern boundary ? Name all
the States of this section ISLANDS.
? Wllat uatcrs sumound, tltem ? Me.rxo.-'What bays inclent the southern coast ? 'What islands near the Whara are theg
Desert ? Nantucket ? Maqtha's Vineyartl ? Block ?. sarne coast ? IMhat flve rivers flow through Maine ? What branches of the Grancl lllennn' ? Mt.
St. John in the north? What lake connected with the Penobscot River? Fisher's ?
'W'ith With the Kennebec? the Anclroscoggin? The St. Croix? What CAPES.
lakes in the northern part of the State ? What lake in the southwestcrn Where are theg ? Into uhat uaters do theg project ? part? lMhat mountain ncar the eastcrn boundary? What, east of Chesun- Cod ? Malabar{ ? Montauk Pt. ? Pt. Jutlith ? cook Lake ? lVhat mountains farther south ? What two mountains in the Ann ?
western part? 'What cities on or near the southern coast? 'What city on
the Penobscot River ? On the Kcnnebec ? MOUNTAINS.
the direction of thn ranges ! Nrw Ifeupsnrno--'What river forms the western bountlary ? The south- Where are they I What is
'What river flows through the State? -What mottntains Green Mts.? IMhite Mts.? Katah'din? Saddleback? 'Washington? eastern bounclary?
in the northern part ? Name the highest peali. What lakc in the middle 'Wachu'sctt ? H6l'yoke ? Mansfield ?. Carnel's llump ?
of the State? What city in the southeastern part? What citics in this State
on the Merrimac River ? Name somc of the principal towns on the Connec- cuLFs, BAYS, ETC.
ticut River. Whcre are thcy I To uhat other uaters tributary ?
VnnuoNr.-'What large lakc on the wcstern bounclary of this State ? Pzr,ssamaquod'dy ? Penob'scot ? Casco ? Massachusetts ? Cape Oocl ?
'W-hat four rivcrs flow into Lake Champlain? What lakc on the northern Buzzard's ? Narra{ansett ? LonE Islancl Souncl ?
bounclary ? What mountain range in this State ? Name the two highest
peaks. 'What two cities on Lakc Champlain ? IMhat city on Otter LAKES,
Creek? 'What, on Winooski River? Natnc some of the principal towns Whare are theg ? 'll'hat are their outlets, and, where dn theg empty ? on the Connecticut River. What town near the southrvest corner of the Grand ? Schoo'ilic Lakes ? Moosehead ? Eagle Lakes ? Chesun'cook ?
Stat0 ? Um'bagog ? Seba'go Poncl ? Winnipiseogee (win-ne1te-sock'aa) ? Champlain ?
Ifl.ssacsussrrs-What bays on the eastern coast ? W'hat three capes 1\[cnrphrema'gog ?
'What on this coast? What bay in the southeast? two large islands south-
east of this State? What large river flows through it? 'What river flows RIVERS.
through the northeastcrn part? 'What mountain iu the northern part? Where d,o th,eg rhe? In what d;irecthtn, and through uhat wuntriu do they
Wlrat mountain near the Connecticut River? What mountain range in the fuu ? Where do tlrcy empttg ?
western part of the State ? What largc city in the eastern part ? Name the Penob'scot ? Kcn'nebec ? Anclroscog'gir' ? 'Wool'-as-took ? St. Croix ?
towns on the eastern coast north of Boston. Name those south of Boston. Saco (saro'ko) ? Mer'rimac ? Piscat'aqua ? Connecticut (kon,-net'e-kttt)?
'What are the chicf towns on the Merrimac ? \Mhat city on Buzzarcl's Bay ? Thames (tctnz\l Housaton'ic ? Winooski ? La Moille ? Otter Creek'? Mis-
On the Connecticut Rivcr ? Between Springflelcl ancl Boston ? gis/que ? Sorel?
Rnoon Isr,ervn.-'What large bay in this State ? 'What island is containecl CITIES AND TOWNS. v-itlrin it? Ans. Rltod.a Ish,nd. \Yhat island in the Atlantic Ocean south
sitnatctl ? of this Statd? 'W'hat cape on the southern coast? What are the two fn uhat Ttart of the State ara theg ? Iloto
capitals of the State, ancl how are they situntcd ? MerNp.-Port'lanrl ? Ban'gor ? Bid'deford ? Sa'co ? Augus'ta ? Bath ?
Rock'land ? East/port ? Brulswick ? Calais ? Lewiston ? Corqrlrcrrcur.-What souncl washes the southcrn shore of Connecticut?
Con'cord. ? Nash'ua ? Ports'mouth ? 'What rivers cross this State ? lVhat island near the southcnst coast ? Nnw HeMpsxrnn.-Man'chester ?
? What is the capital of the State, and how is it situated ? \Mhat towns Keele ? Amherst ? Hanover ? Dover
on the Connecticut River? On the 'Ihames? On LonE Island Soundl \rrnvoNt.-Bur'Iington ? Rut'lencl. ? St. Al'bans ? Montpe'lier ?
Namp gome of the inland. towns. Mrss,l,cuusprrs.-Boston ? Low'ell ? Cam'bridge ? \forcester (woodter)1
Sa'lem ? New'buryport ? Plymtouth ? S1-.ring'field ? Law'- LoNs Isr,eNo.-W'hat large islancl south of Conneeticut ? TV'hat cape, or New Bedford ?
Taunton ? Pittsfield ? Fall River ? point, at its eastern extremity? To what State rlocs it bckrng? Aw. Neu rence ? Amherst ?
York. W'hat souncl separates it from Connecticut ? What bay washes the RrroDE Isr,exo.-Providence ? Smithfield ? North Providence ? New'-
south'westcrn shore ? 'What prominent cape at the entrance to the bay ? port ? Bristol ?
Aw. Sand'g lIooli. CoNlrscrrcut.-New llaven ? Ilart'forcl ? Norwich (nor'ritclt\? New
Find, from the scale, the length ancl width of each of the States of New London ? Waterbury ? Bridge'port ? Sto'nington ? Say'brook ? Middle-
Englancl. The length of Long Islancl. town ? Sotth Norwalk ? trfericten ? New Britaiu ?

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CO}TUO\T SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY.

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tla,nt; while the westcln mountain regions and thc Paciflc slope ITItSSON XXXY.
THE UNITED STATES. ale excecdingly ricli in golcl ancl si.lr,er. .* 8. The Coal Seds of the Appalachian region arc yery extensivc,
t. Zhe Atiled States is tlic lalgcst, and by far tire most im- particularly thosc of Pennsylr'ania,rvhere there are also wells of ,pe-
portiurt, country in tirc Western Hemi."pherc, and ranks a,mong thc tlolcnm. h'on is found in large tpantities in this region. Copper
most highly civilizecl nations of thc world. It is nobecl fbr its lapid. cxists in the sarne region, and is r-cry abunclant near Lakc Superior'.
atlvancement in weaith, populrt,ion, and gencral improvcntent. 9. All tlic d.iffcrent rlepartments of industry are pulsued.'witlr
2. It cousists of thiltv-cight States ancl ten Territorics, united the grcatest enterprise aucl cnergy. fn some localitics, particulalh
nnclcl a general govcrnment, which, as wcll as tlrat of each of the irr the easteln Statcs, .l)fantqfctcttn'es constituie the lcading pur-
Statcs, is republican in form. The linited States constitutes the snit; in the l'csteln mounbain rcgiolrs, anil in the irou and coal
Ialsest republic in tlie rvor'ld. rcgions of tlre east,"7f,tlntlt44r is extensir-c1y carriccl on. 'Jlhc Cont-
3. Its Area, embracing o\ier 3,600,000 squarc milcs, presents nte?'ce of the llnitccl Sta,tcs is scconrl only to that of Glcab l]riia,irr.
ncarly cr.cry vtllicty of snr'f,rcc, soil, anrl climate. It c.xtcnds 'lbe Vis/teries at'e vcrl' crtcusir-e, cspecially on the Atlantic Ooast.
fi'om thc Atlantic Occan on thc crst to thc Pucific Occan on the 10. 'lllre ,htfiaTitatt,ts a,-e Hulopeans and thcir tlcsccntluuls,
wcst, a distancc of about 2500 milcs; anrl fir-'m thc llritish Posscs- chicfly of Bdtish and (.icrman oligin. 'l'ltcre ale also rtearl.y fit'c
sions on the nolth to thc Gulf of }lcxico orr the south, a distance millions of cololctl pcrsorls, plincipaily in Ure southcrn Strrtcrs ;
of about 1100 milcs. Its population is alronl, 40,000,000. ncar)y 400,000 hrdians, clricfl.y in the rvi)d lcgions of the wcst;
4. Its ?rcgetab/e ?roductt)ot?,r l:'tc various arrtl villua,lrle. In aud about 64,000 Chincsc, nea,rly all on thc I'acilic Coast.
thc rrolthcrn and rtcstern Statcs, the most usclirl gnrius, such as 71. Edzt,catlonrbot)t elementrrry and advanccil, is lcry gctt-
rvheat, Inclian corn, rye, oats, and barlcl-, are raised in imnense erally di{Tnsccl, common schools anrl collcges hllring bccn csttb-
rprrr,ntitics. 'Ihc rvcstern plairics, rvith their rcmarkably fcltile lislrcd in ulmost ercry State. llnivcrsal cditcation bcing cousiclclccl
soil, promise to becomc thc grcatcst grain-protlucing coutrtlios itt the only tmc fortudation of a lcpublic, thc gcnclrtl !io\'01'nmcnt
thc rvolkl. 'I'hc sou.thern Stirtc.s corrstitutc thc cotton-gt'ou,itrg llls grantctl lalgc trtrcts of hnd f,rr its cncouragemctrt; arrtl urost
sc,ctior.r. 1'hey also procluce tobacco. rice, sugar:-cilne, sncet pota- of thc Statcs havc mu,de pt:or-isiou for tlrc snpliort of frcc sclrools.
tocs, antl tropical fmits, in grcat abr.rndance. 12. illrc Goyernnterzl is vcstcd in a, clrief magistratc, calletl thc
and Ilousc of Ileple- 5. ,,4.qricrrlture is tbe leatling pumuit in mosi, scctions I btrt Prcsitlont l a Oorrgress, cottsisting of a Scualc
.qrttzitt.(/ is a vcry im1-rortaut occupation in sornc oI tho l'cstct'n scntatires I aud a Clrief-Justicc and Associltes, who cotrst'itnte tireanil southt'cstcrn Si,rrtcs. Irr tlrcsc prrrts immcusc nuurbols of Suprcme Court.
cabtlc aurl othcr livc-stock alc raiscd. Qur,;sr:roxs.-1. \1'lurt is the United States? For what is it noted? 2. Of 6. The Torel;t I|'ees of i,hc Unitcrl States alc nuecpralctl, for rvLat docs it consist? Untler rvirat fonn of govcrnrnent is it'? 3. What is its
varicty aud rnlgr.ritude, by thosc of au1.'couutry ou thc glrbe. In arca, and rvh:rt tloes it crnbraco? \Yhat is its extent? Its population?
?thc east, grorv thc various species of oali, inclutlirrg the livc-orrlr, 4. What is snid of its vegctable prorluctions ? 5. What is the leading pursuit
is said of the forest trees? 7.r.cry valuablc for ship-building. the pirtr-., tulip-trec, milgtrolia, autl \\rirat other important occupation ? 6. What
c\:prcss ; antl ncar thc rvcstcln col,st is li,runcl the gigantic recl- 'Ihcpursued?-mineral\Vhatproducts?is saitl ofB.manufhctures?'Ihc coal beds?Mining?Iron? Comnrerce?Copper? 9. WhatThe fish-are
wood, somctincs reachins tlrc hcight of 400 fcet. eries? 10. Of rvhom tlo tho inhabitants consist? How many colored per-
?. Tlre J'ltlneral ?roducts coustitute an important element sons are tlrcre? Indians'/ Chinese? Where are they respectivc'ly found?
of national l.calth. Coal, iron, lcad, antl col)per are yery abun- 11. \\'Lat is said of etlucation? 12. Describe the government.

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NI'W  TN(ILAND,     OIt  TIIE    JIASifIIItI{    SlIATIIS.                                    :it





         LE SSON XXXYI.                 CONNICTICUT  is disbinguished for the great varicty of its
                                                               manufactured rvares, its excellelt colleges and free schools, and. the  NEW ENGLAND, OR THE EASTERN STATES.                                                                remarkable thrift and ingenuity of its inhabitants.
   l. "Meut Zngland                                   is dislinguished  for commercc, mannfacturing        ?. The drea of ea,ch of thcsc States, in square miles, is as fol-
industry, and the diffusion of education and general intclligcncc.        lorvs: ,l[airrc, 35,0001 lrermont, 10,000 1 Ncu lfarnpshire,9,000;
  2. Tlre Satrface is broken by mountairl ranges, as the Green       Mctssacltttsefls,  8,000 1 Cottnt:cticut, 4,700 ; Iiltode Island, 1,300,
and. White mouritaiusl and by scattered peaks, as those of Massa-        8. The follorving are the rnost irnporta,nt  citics:
chusetts and }Iaine.                                          Boston, capital :lnd metropolis of Massachusetts; clistirrguished
  Tlte White l\Iountains present some of the most beautiful scenery on this     for its commcrce,  rvealth, litcrary culture, anal common scliools.
contincnt. 'l'hey attract mtrre tourists than auy other natural  <,rl-rjects, except                                                                       Population, 293,000.the Falls of Niagara.                                                         ?royrldence, joint capital and metropolis of Rhode Island;
  3. Tlrc Soil, crcept in tlre larger river valleys, is sterile ; being     noted for manufactures; seat of llrown University. Population,more fitted fur pasturage than tillage.                                                                              69,000.
  4. The ,Pislteries arc carried on rvith great activity, particularly                                                      lVev -Eayen is the metropolis of Connecticut  I seat of Yalein Massachusetts and lfaine.                                                                Collcgc. Population, 51,000.  5. TIre Cltlmate is gencrally seyerc; bcing subject to great                                                                 Tlbrcester, in a lich farnring tlistrict c'f }lassachusetts  Iextrcmcs of ireat lnd cold. This is particularly the case in Mairre,                                                                                      ac,tively engagecl in marrrrfirctrrrcs; a grcab railroad centcr. Popu-Nc'w l{arnpshire, imil Velmont.                                                                                     lation, 41,000.
   6. 'I'he fr,rllorviug tlrc the leading characteristics of erich of thcsc                                                                                           }frrssuclnsctts-prrticulu:Jy                                                                                                           notcd for its extensive                                                                       .Lotlell, in                                                ' y-oStatcs:                                                                       rnanufactulc                                                                                       cotton anrl rvoolcn goocls. Population,41r000.                                                                             of  MAlNEf''sonictimcs                          callctl tTte u Pitrc Tree Sfuttc," is notcel lbr                                                      Eartford  is thc capital of Conuecticutl scat of Tlinity Col-its uumerous  lilkcs and streams, its erteusive forests, and the great                                                                         lege antl the Asylum for l)caf ancl Durnb. Population, 37,000.number of its hart-rors. Hence, its irrhairitants are largcly engagecl                                                      Tortland, mctropolis of nlaine ; noted. for its finc harbor.irr the lumber tlatlc, in ship-building, and iu the fishcr.ies. Its                                                                commelce, and ship-builcling. Population, 31,000.marrufactuled ploducts are also of gleat value.                                                                                           KenneLrec,                                                                        on the                                                                                                                                      is the capital                                                                                                                                            of Mainc                                                                           9. Augusta,                                                                                                                                                                                             i Cott-
                                                                         bnnk                                                        on the right                                                                                                                 Hampshircl                                                                                         of thc Merrimac,                                                                                                          of Nerv NDW IIAMI'SHIRB, thc '6 Clran,ite State "-is noted for the    cord,                         granclcur           bcauty                andpicturesque                                    of its scenery                                                         account                                                         ; on rvhich                                                                            Vermont                                                                                                                  the                                                                                                                                            bcautiful                                                                           of                                                                                  on                                                                 Jfontloeliel',                                                                                                                     I and                                                                                                     "tVeu,port,                   calleil                    thc                                                                           is very                                        of Arnerica."it is sometimes                                                                      It                            " Srvitzerlancl                                                                                                               joini                                                                                                   Rhode                                                                                         islarrd of Ilhodc                                                                                                                            Islirltl,                                                                                           thc othel                                                                                                                                         Island.                                                                                                                         capital ofexbensivcly cngagcd in cotton mir,nufacturcs.
                                                                                                                                     are Yaln Cor,-  VERMONT, the " Green, lfoultain  ,qltu.te"-is distinguishcd       10. The principal fnsiltutiotz.t ojf Zeonthtgfor its agricultural industry, its mineral wealth, including iron      r,ncn, Ne'!v Haven; Ihnv-rnn UNrvrnsrrv, Canrbridge  I Bnowx
                                                                     IJNtvnnstrv, Providencc; UNrvERSrry or VtsRMoNr, I3urliugton  Iand other metals, anrl scvcral kincls of marblc.
  MASSACHUSETTS, the " Bog Stu/e," hns very cxtcnsivc     Artnnnsr Coll,ncn, Amherst, nfassachnsctts ; Wrlr,r,lus Colt,ncn,
                                                                    \Yilliamstown I D,lnruourrr Cor,LErlt, I{anor-cr; I3o'woorx Col-rnanufacbures, commerce, and fishcries; and is rvidely distirrguishtid
for its excellent coileges and free schools. fn manufacturcs, par'-       r,E(+D, Ih'unsrvick I and WnslntN UNrynnsrry, Middlctown.
ticularly of cotton

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TIIE MIDDI..,E ATI-,,ANTIC S TATES, ET C.

What is the dis- State by the scale. of each the length Find ancl width LESSON XXXVII. To Bulfalo? To Philaclelphia? tance To from to Albany? New York
OUESTIONS ON THE MAP. Richmond ? To l{ashiuston ?
What ds tlw &ala of thi* Map?
Nsw Yonr<.-'What lake, river, and province on the north ? W'hat lake .What ancl States on the east ? What States on the south ? lake and river LESSON XXXYIII. on the west ?
lYhat islands southeast of the State ? What islanil in the Niagara River? REVIEW EXERCISES.
What large river in the eastern part ? 'Which is its largest branch ? What
three rivers flow into Lake Ontario ? 'What fve, into the St. Lawrence STATES.
River ? 'What two, into Lake Champlain ? What rivers in the southern What are {heir boundariu ? Their aapitals ?
part of the State ? New York ? Ncw Jersey ? Pennsylvania ? Delaware ? Marylantl ?
'W'hat lakes in the central part of New York ? W'hat one in the eastern Yirginia ? West Yirginia?
part? In the southrvestern part? What mountains in the eastern part?
-What, in the northeastern part? 'Which is the highest mountain in thc CAPES.
Stato ? Ans. Mt. Marcg. Whzre are th,eyl Into wlmt water d,tt theg proiect I
Which is the largest city in the State ? 'What city on Long Islantl opposite Sandy Hook ? May ? Henlo'pen ? Charles ? Henry ?
New York ? Name the cities and towns on the east bank of' the Hudson
River. Those on the west bank, On the Mohawk. 'What city on Lake MOUNTAINS.
Erie ? On Lake Ontario ? On the Genesee ? In the middle of the State ? Where are theg I What ta tha direction of tlte ran'ges ?
On the Chemung River ? What town on Lake Champlain ? Ou the Black Cats'kill Mts. ? Adiron'dack Mts. ? BIue Ridge ? Allegha'ny Mts. ?
River ? On the Susquehanna ? Cuml-rerlantl Mts. ? Peaks of Otter ? Mt. Marcy
Nrw Jpnspv.-W'hat river bouncls it on the west ? On the northeast ?
'W'hat bay on the south ? 'What cape at the southern extremity of the State ? BAYS.
?On the northeastern shore ? Whrt bay ancl harbors on the eastern shore ? Wlure are theg ? To wlt'at other bodtns of uater are tltey tributarg
What is the capital of the State ? 'What city opposite New York ? What New York ? Delaware ? Chesapeake ? Barnegat ?
city west of it ? What city north of Newark ? What city on the Delaware
opposite Philadelpbia ? Northeast of Trenton ? LAKES.
are thetr ou.tlets I Whera dn tlt"eg em,ptg I PpNNsvr,veNr.c,.-What river on the eastern bounclary ? 'Which are the Wh,are are they ? 'Wh,ot
principal branches ? 'What great river crosses the State ? '\Mhich are its Onta'rio? E'rie? Champlain'? George? Onei'da? Crook'ed? Sen''
largest branches ? 'What rivers in the western part of the State ? .What eca ? Cayu'ga ? Chautau'qua ? Otsego ?
ranges of mountains cross this State ? 'What large city on the Delaware ?
What one at the mouth of the Lehigh ? 'What city west of Philadefuhia ? RIVERS.
'\{hat one, uorthwest ? 'What cities at the head of the Ohio River ? Where dn they risel In uhot direotion, and, through what States do they lmnl
Dsr,lwann.-'W'hat waters on the eastern bountlary ? 'W'hat State on the Where da they etnpty?
north ? On the 'west? What cape at the entrance to Delaware Bay? Iludson? Mohawk? Gen'esee? Niagrara? Oswefgo? Black? Dela'
What city on this bay ? What city in the northern part, near the Delaware ? ware? Susquehan/na? Junia'ta? Le'high? Sctruyl'kill? Monongahe'la?
'What smaller city south of it ? Allegha/ny? Great Kanawha (kanaw'wah)? Big Sandy? Poto/mac?
? Rapicl Anne? York? James? Appomat/tox ? Dan ? Menyr,,uvo.-'What river on the western bounclary ? 'What State north ? Rappahan/nock
'What one east ? IMhat bay divides the State ? What capes at its entrance ? Shenando'ah ?
What river in this Staie florvs into it ? \Yhat is the capital, and how situated ? CITIES AND TOWNS.
'What large city north of it ? 'What city at the mouth of the Susquehanna ? In uhat part of tha State are tluy ? Eow situatert?
'What city iu the northwestern part of the State ? Nnw Yonx.-New York ? Brook'lyn ? Al'bany ? Buffalo ? Roch'ester ?
Osrvego ? New'burg ? Poughkeep'sie ? Drsrnrcr oF CoLUMBTA.-Where is it ? What is its capital ? 'What othet Troy ? Syr'acuse ? U'tica ?
city cloes it contain ? Platts'burg? Ogdensburg? Elmi'ra? Bing'hamton?'Watertown?
Now Jrnsnv.-Newark ? Jersey City ? Paterson ? Trenton ? Camden ? Vrnerxre.-What water,q bountl it on the east ? Iilhat States on the south- Atlantic City ? Princeton ? New Brunswick ?ern border ? What mountains Eepamte it from Kentucky ? What, from West
Yirginia ? 'What ranges cross tlle State ? What peaks of the Blue Ridge PnNNsvr,vaxrl.-Philadel'phia? Pittsburg? Allegheny? Reading? Lan-
in this State ? What three rivers flo.w into Cliesapeake Bay ? IMhat is the ca.ster ? Harrisburg ? Easton ? Erie ? Scranton ? Allentown ? 'Whatprincipal branch of the James ? branch of the Potomac ? Of the Dnr..lwenr.-Wilmington ? Dover ? Lewes ? New Castle ?
Rappahannock ? What rivers cross the southeru boundary ? Cumberlantl ? Fretlerick City ? Annap'olis ? What is the capital ? What city on the Appomattox ? What city on the Menvr,euo.-Ba1'timore ?
Hagerstown ?southem part of Chesapeake Bay ? What near the heacl of the Shenandoah ? Havre d.e Grace ?
Georgetown ?'Whrlt town on the Rappahannock ? Drsrnrcr or Cor,ulrsr,{.-W-ashington ?
Staunton ? Yorktown ? Wnsr VrnerxrA.-'What rivcrs bound it on the west ? llountains on the VrnorNre.-Richmoncl ? Petersburg ? Norfolk ?
?

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31 0OMM0N S0HO0I-, GIIOGItAI'I1 Y.

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C:--^ \-4t <a&.d.

T,,ESSON XI-,,I. 11. NEW JERSEY is noted for iis plotluctiou of gardeu vege-
tables, apples, peaches, and othcr fruits; its mines of zinc, aud.
THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STAI'ES, WEST VIRGINIA, its manufactures. Its capital is Trentott,.
AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 12. PENNSYLVANIA, tlte " Iieystone 8Late," is thc first State
1. This section inclndes the four Middle f;tates,l{erv Yolk, New in the lJnion iri Ure prodnction of cortl anil ilon, and is a verl'large
Jcrscy, Pcnnsr-lr.aniir, ancl l)clarvare, together with }fnrvlrrnd, rvheat-growing State. It is notetl also for its wells of petroleum,
\rirgirria, and West Vilginia, usuallv included in the Soutltent or rock-oil. In inland. commerce it vies with thc Empire Strr,te.
,\ltttes. besides the District of Columbia. Its capital is llctruisburyl.
2, Tlre Suryface is irrtersectccl by the parrrllel ranges of the The anthracitc' coal mines are in tlte vicinity of the Dclarvare and Susque-
Ap1-rnlachi:lrr, or Allcghany systcm r-rf mouutains, rvltich in New hanna rivers ; bituminous coal is lbund in the rvestern part of the State, lvlrcre
Yolli antl New Jelsey vcly ncrrly approach the coast. also petroleum abounde.
3. Tlre Soil, axccpt in the rugged sections, aud upon the santly 13. DELA\VAIIE, thc smallcst Statc, ercept Rhoile Islancl, is
plains along the coast, is quite fer:tile. noted for its l'heut antl peaches, ertensive flortriug mills, anci the
4. TIre Climate is tlislinguishcd for its contrasts I rvinter, in Dclct,u:ure Ilreuku:ater, &t Lc\\cS. Its capital is Doter.thc south, is mild; bnt in the far norih it is long and sevele, arrd 14. MARYLANI) is trotcd for the extcnsive cultivatiotr of tobacco. It has also rich mincs of coal, iron, aucl coPpcr'. Itsthc snol's are fi'ecluently very deep.
5. ,ilgriczrlhtre is a promiuent occupation. About one half capital is A tt ttt/,ol is.
of thc rye aud bncliwhert, and one thiril of the hay and potatoes The coal mines are near Cumbcrland, antl produce a kind of bituminous coal of great value. Copper is found in the hilly country east of tire Blueraised iu tlrc Unitcd States, ale procluced herc. 'I'hc other impor- Ridge, 'Ihe lo'rvlanils contain rich beds of marl, shellJime, marsh-mud, and
tant staples ar-e whcat, Iudiarr coln, and odts. Marnri''actures ille other valuable fertilizing earths.
e. extensitalso voly Domiruioz the first called Ohl the 15. VIRGINIA, "-being " 6. Tlre Contnerce of this section atnouttts to trvo Toreign in sccond is State iri the lTnion Xnglish, the settlctl by the Statetlrirtls of that of thc entile lIuiou; atrtl an inttnertse Jttental the cultiration of tobacco ; it is also the birlh-place of \\-asltingtou,Coutmerce is carded on by nrcalts of ctutals, railroads, and anil tivc othcr Pre'sidcnts, togethcrrvith rnany other clistiriguishecl
llulnelous navigable tivers, arrcl by thc adjoiuing lakcs. statesmen. Its capitrrl is Ricltarcnrl.
7. .7U-dning is also a prontirtettt lrrarrclt of industry-particu- The scenery of this Sterte is, in many parts, unsurpasseil forrviltlness and
lall.v that of iron aucl coal iu Pcnrrsylvatria, iron in New Yolk, and picturesque beauty. One of the rnost noted olrjects is the Great Natural
zinc in New Jerscy. Bridge over Cerjar Creek, an affiuent of the James Rivtrr, just lvest of tlre Rlue
8. 'Ilre lttlt,abdtants arc chicfly of English origin; but in breadth,Ridge. ftandconsists200 l'cetofabovea naturalthe torrentarch ofthatlimestone,foaurs br:neath.nearly ninety\Yeyer'sfeetCave,in
Ncrv York antl Nerv Jelscv thcle arc many clesccndarrts of the near Staunton, is anothcr object of interr:st.
errlly Dutclr settlcrs, and irr Pennst'lvania, of (lermans ancl Swecles. 16. 'tVESlf VIRGINIA wus organizcd in 1862 from a portion t). Eclucattott is rtidcly diffuscd. Commott schools a,ro Yt'r'v of Vilginia. Like the okl Strte, it is rich in coal anrl iron mines,
nlllllcrolls, cspcciully iu the }Iidtllc Statcs I tnd thcrc irre maliy aucl abounds in petrolcum ancl salt. It is notcd also for its riverseurinaries antl collcgers of a higlr grade of exccllettcc. cornmerce and inlr,rrd tracle. 11 s capitLrl is Wtceling,
D!]SORIPTION O].' S'I]ATES, ]ITC. 17. The DISTITICT OI.' CIOLUMBIA, set apart for the use of
10' NE\Y YOIIK' crrllccl tlre " Iltnpirtt '\tate"-the tnost popu- the General Governnrent, comprises sixty square miles; it containslous Sta,te in thc LTniott, is distineui.*hcrl lbr its vast comnlcrco- ll-ruh,inqtort, the capittl of the lfuitetl States.
greater tha,u thut o1'artY of tlttr otlrer Statesl also for its mattufac- The District of Colunbitr is under the Government of the Unitecl States,
trrres irnd iutclnal iu'rplovetncuts. Its capital ts Albany. having only a very limitcd authority in the regulation of its local affairs,

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COMMON SCJIIO OL G HO(+lTAI'IIY.

Lottisiana rtud IDSSON XI-,Ir descendrnts of the carly Spanish settlers, arrtl in
western Mississippi the desccndunts of the l,'rcnch ertnigrtnts are
THE SOUTHERN STATES AND ARKANSAS AND TENNESSEE. Yery numclous.
1. lflris scction irrcludcs the sonth Atlantic States, aucl all the 8. Zducntiotz, wTtich for matry years hacl been grelrtly ncg-Crtlf Statcs erccpt Tclrs. Tlrcr former are chiefly situated in the lectecl, nolv receivcs consitlerable atterrtiorr ; and co.lnmort schoolsbroadcst part of thc Atlantic Plain; the lntter, iu thc Oulf Low- for all classes of the people are beginniug to be rluite numerous ittlands. most of these Statcs.
2. Tlro .9ut1fttce, erccpt the porl,ions intersectecl by the Alrpa-
lachirln Monntains, is \'(rly Jorv arrrl fllt, and the coast is bordcrcd DESC RIPTION OT' STATES.
by islurrcls, sorre of n'hich aler sandy and stcrile.
9. NORTI{ CAROLINA is noted for its extcnsivc: pine ftrrests, 3. 'l'lrtr Cllntnle of the Southcnr Strrtcs is l.arm antl moist I and the rnanufacture of tlr, turpentinc, rcsirt, etc. ; it contaitrs thest'rol. rirt'cly fail.q, irrid the rvintcrs alc l)o coltlcr than the autumns higlrest peak of the lllue Ridge (Mt. Mitchell, 6,701 feet high).o{' the }Iiddle States. frr sonthcr.u l,'lorida the rairry arrd dry Iis capital is llaleigh.scasons altcnurte as iu the trotrical regions.
4. A.qriculture js tlre chicf pursuit nameThe denotes,pine barrenstheyconstituteare sterile;a distinguishingbut the soilfeatureof theofvalle.vsthis Sta,te.and tlteAs c,'astt.heir
of this scctiou. 'I'he principal plocluctions region is quite productive. The rvestr:rn part of the Staie abrtunds irr
ale cotton, corn, srvcet potatocs, rice, romantic sccucry, and ie rich in mincs of gold, col)per, iron, aud coal.
sugar', molasses, atrtl tobacco. Cotton,
licc, autl sugal are the chief staple-s. 10. SOIITI{ CAROLINA, callcd the 6'Puhn.elto Slulc"-llne firsi State in thc rice culturc; it is notetl also fol its crtcttsile 'l'he forests of Floricla conttriu vcry I'alu-
able trecs, ns the live-oak, cypress, ltintr, cultivation of cotiou ; aud its large ncgr'o poprtlatiorr. Crrpit.rrl,
hickory, ctc. Colunltiu.
5. Tlrc .l{t'n,erols of this section 'Ihe agricultural products of tLis State also include Indian corn. Ilicc is floudcd according dtained and lowlands, rvhich are cultivated in the marshy plincipally cousist of ()olct 'a:nd Col4ter cotton, lbr thcir noted sea islands are to of the crop. The the rcquirements fbuurl in tlrc Rlnc ltidgei iri northcrn which is remarkably valuable for its long fiber and excelleut quality. 'fhe
(ieorgia, and in thc westeln part of commercial lacilities of this State are very grea,t.
North Carolina.
11. GEORGIA is noterl for its ertensive cotton cultivation; 6. The Conttnerce of this section is ancl contains the richcst golcl nincs iu the rcgiotr east of the
quite extensir.e. 'Ilhcle is a vcry large Mississippi River. Capital, Atlantu,. crportation of cotton, su€far, rice, tobacco,
rrtc., flom this region. The chief com- In the mountain rcgion of the northrvest, the scenery is very wiltl antl
melciul ports are Nerv Orlcans, Mobilc, romantic, and there are rnany I'alls of great picturesque beauty; among them
Oharlcston, Savatrrtalt, and Wihuirrgton' t/ne Fulls of tln lbcoa, an rffiucntof the Hiwassee. In the southeast is the great srvamp called by thc Indian nante of " Okefenoke Swamp," which, in
'i'. ll'lre Jnlu\ilatt1.s of tho Soutltcm States consist of the the wet st:asons, prisurts the appearance of a vast lake fiiled with islands.
r'ltit.cs, who rtlr prilcipally of Rlitis| origin, a1d the negl'oes, who
constitute a l[r.qc prLrt of thc popuhtion I iu south carolina, by 12. FLOIIIDA, or,llcd Lhe " Land of tr'louers," is distinguished
lal the grcirtel pult. Sorue o1' the inhabitl,nts of tr'loricla are Ute for its rvarm aud delightful climate, Iuxuriant vegetation, ancl

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