COLTON'S COMMON SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY - Pt. 07 Product booklet

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 120              COMMON SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY.

 distance (30o or 40c) from the center rneridian and then clividlinE this distance      The samc object may be obtained, anal without this great demancl upon the
 into the ploper number of cqual pttlts. By rneans of a fle-rible ruler', urerrcl-     memory, by employing squares instead of trinngles, thus obviating  tlre
 ians utay then bc tlrawn through thc several poiuts ot' clivisiou.*                  necessity of learning a,ny mcas-
   2. In tlrtlr.ing the outlincs, care shr.ruld be taken to _Qive cvcry point its clue     ures or ptoportionate  parts,  atrtl
 position u'ith refelence to the pnltlltls and mericlians-thrt is, with rtspect     requiring only that the pupil
 to its ltrtituc'le ancl longitucle. This shoulcl be cxecutctl rvith r pcncil.           should know ltow many sQud/reg
   3. The coloring of both lancl antl water shoulcl be rlone irnmecliately after     should be employecl  fcrr each scc-
 the outlines are dra\l'n, or previons to ittkiug any of the cletails of bounclaries,      tion of country, and the relation
 coastJines, rivers, ctc., and to lctteriug. Of coloring there are ser.er.al          <-rf the outlincs of the country to
 methods : 1st. Ry a bright ancl narror,r' stripe of color arountl the inner.     these sqnures, which latter will bolder                     di\.isiolr        of each                                    2cl. By                                  lines                                     of t'lifferent                                                   strengths                                                              of                                                              color                                   ;                                                                                               founcl                                                                  arorud     be                                                                                                quite as                                                                                             easy                                                                                                           as to lealu                                              .wicler the clivisions,             coch                 onc                       being                           maclc                                                                          prcceiling,                                                    anil liglrter                                                 than                                                         the                                                                                  ancl                                                                             reruember                                                                                                        relations                                                                                                                  tlie                                                                                                                  of
 :ind laic'l on aftcr the previous ones have become quite clry; Bd. By softening       thc sarne outlines to the tr.iangles.
 thc outer edge of colorecl strip by means of a seccnd brush fillecl with water;     This methocl may be illustratecl
 4th. Covering each division with a uniforrn tint, which is to be done with a    by tr map of the same colutry as flat brush kept full of color, so that it nray be laid on evenly ancl not lte      in the previous cut. allowed to chy in patches. These last tlvn processes require much practice                                                  To learn how to skctch thc to be executed  'ivcll.                                                                   map,                                                                                             clraw                                                                                                     t.wo                                                                                               squares                                                                                       upon                                                                                                                       the           aousting   4. The             may                    be                       done                                               parallcl                         by tlralving                                                                    gracluatecl                                                          lines                                                          of                                                                                 thick-                                                                                    country,                                                                                             convenient                                                                          any                                                                                                                  por-                                                                                  in ness                              preferable,        a pcn,               which     nith                            is                                    or                                 by either                                                  the                                            2d                                                       or Bd mcthods                                                                                 tion so as to inclose as much of above rrrcntioncd, usirrg fndia-ink or a light bluc color,
   5. In the lettering, ollamental letters shoulcl be avoiiled, and only such     the bounclary as possible; prac-
 usecl as are pcrfectly plai[ ancl according to moclels furnished by ilre best       tice the drawing so as to become
 mitl)s. Carc shoulcl be takcu, in words spre:rtling over a large section, to have      familiarized with the rel:rtion of                                                                           the                                                                                         the boundarics                                                                                           outlines to                                                                                                                   of    thc         letters all              evenly spacecl, as otherwise tlte neatness of the map will be                                                                                'Whcn                                                                                 the                                                                            squares.                                                                                                                         this is done,     tnuch very              irnplirctl,
                                                                           the pupil will ncver be at a loss        souTrl aMElircr rN sQUAtiFls.
           MAP SKETCHING.                                     to sketch the country with a suflicient degree of accuracy ancl upon ury rc-
  Co assist the p*pil in remembe'ing the proportio's of co.'tries to be      quirecl scale. rf a greater clcgree of precision is needed, mo.e ,,1uare, iuoy
 skctclrod rapidly ou the slate or bla,ck-boarcl, sevcral methotls have lleen     be emplol'ed, care being always taken that the iigures be exact squarcs.
 cloviscrl, ancl arc in usc. a very popular antl quite useful nethoil is tlltt of       This methocl may be made very regular ancl exact by constructing  the
                                          trtnngulation. This consists of      squares of a given area, say 20o or 30c mcasured on the center mericlian,
                                         constructing one or more tri-    and using this area as a flxed ancl uniform value for all maps coverinE
                                            angles so as to embrace the entire     a considerable portion of the earth's surface, and assnnring smaller squar.i
                                         outline of the country to be      for such maps as include a more limited section of country. It must be
                                          sketched, ascertaining the pro-     borne in mind, however, that all such methods are only temporary tlevices
                                          portions of the sicles, ancl their
                                             positions 'r,r'ith regarcl to a north
                                 and south line, ancl then memo-
                                           rizing thcse particul