COLTON'S COMMON SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY - Pt. 05 Product booklet — PDF Download

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GERMANY.

i,, a branch of the Rhine? 'Wbat noted town near the Belgian frontier? MOUNTAINS. What Sleswick-Holstein? cities in \\,hat among free cities are included Wlure are is the d,i,rection oJ'the ranges? theg I What (ierman the States? Bremen, What An* Eomburg, and, Lubec. Schwarzwald great Ilarz? Black or Forest? I'ichtel Gtebirge lschuarts'walt),
river has most of its head waters in Bavaria ? Name two of its branches. (feekttel, ga-beer'ga)7 Riesen Gebirge ? Erz Gebirge ? Bol_rmerwald ? Jula? What city on the Isar towns on \\'hat the Danube Name the River ? ? Vosges ? Alps ? Noric Alps ? Mt. Blanc ? Rosa ? eenis ? St. Bernarcl ? other cities chief Bavaria. W'hat mountains Alsace in bound on the west f
IMhat noted mountains in Baden 2 An* I'he &huruzuald,, or Btaclc Torest GULFS AND BAYS.
Mountains. What lakes in Austria are connected with the Danube ? Were a,re theg ? To uhat other water are theg tributarg ?
Swrtznnr,lxo.-What country on the north ? On the south ? On the Dantzic ? Lubec ? Zuyder Zee'! Venice ? Quarnero (quar-natro)? east ? On the west ? \Mhat mountains separate it I'rom Italy ? What, from
France ? What lake on the northern border ? What large lake on tho LAKES.
southwestern border? In the western part? What other lakes in Switzer- Where ane they ? 'What are their outlets ?
land ? What lofty peaks on or near the southern border ? What city on the Geneva ? Constance ? Neuchatel (nush'a-tel)? Zurich (zoo'r"ik)? Thun
northern frontier ? What important city on Lake Geneva ? What other (toon) 1 Co/mo ? Maggiore (tnahcl-jo'ra)l Platten See ? Neusiedler (na!
inportant cities and towns in Slvitzerland ? seed,tlar) 1
Ausrnra.-What states bound it on the west ? What sea ancl gulfs on the RIVERS. ,l:
eoutbwest ? Wrat division of Austria in the northwestern part ? \4rhat, in Wlure d,o theg rise? In uhat direction, thyouglt ultat countt'ies, ahd, into
the northeastern part ? What, in the southrveslern part ? What, in the what other uater do theg fl,ou ?
central part ? What, in the southern part ? Name the capital of each. Rhine? Meuse? Weser? Elbe? Molclau? Oder? Vis'tula? Isar
What ranges of mountains bound Bohemia ? What is the chief sea-port of (ee'zar)'l Po ? Aclige (ad,'e-ja) ? I)rave ? Save ? Theiss (ta'ca)? Austria ? What town on the Danube, above Vienna ? 'lYlut other impor-
tant cities and. towns in Austria ? CITIES AND TOWNS.
NontunnN It.tr,y,-What mountains bound this section of Italy? What In uhat state or countrg are theu ? I[ow situated ? two rivers flow into the Adriatic Sea? What are the principal branches of Dresden ? Leipsic ? Brem/en ? Hamburg ? the Po? What lakes in this section ? W'hat three provinces does it include? Gon,rtex Euprnp.-Berlin ? Konigsberg ? Dantzic ? Posen ? Breslau ? Hanover ? Ans. Piedmortt, Lombarclg, and. Veni,ca, What are the chief towus in each? Lubec ? Stettin ?
What lofty peaks in Piedmont ? Altona? Frankfort on the Oder? !'rankfort on the Main? Magdeburg?
Coblenz ? Strasbourg ? Munich ? Augsburg ? Stuttgart ? Nuremberg ?
Heidelberg ? Schwerin ? Oldenburg ? Kiel ? Brunswjck ? Carlsruhe ? TESSON LXXIX. Metz'l Cologne ? Bonn ? Darmetaclt I Dusselclorf ? Elberfeld. ? Barmen ?
BEVIEW EXERCISES. Aix-la-Chapelle ?
COUNTRIES. Nntnnnr,exos.-Amsterdam ? The Ifague ? Utrecht ? Leyden ? Rot-
'Whet'e are thegl ? What are their bountlaries I Theb capitals? terdam ?
GntueN Ernrrnp? Prussia? Saxony? Olilenburg? Mecklenburg? Bruns- Bnr,oruu.-Brussels? Ghent? Antwerp? Liege? Bruges (Aror.',jtz)?
wick ? Anhalt ? Ilesse Darmstadt ? Baden ? Bavaria ? Wurtemberg ? Ausrnre.-Vienna ? Gratz ? Trieste (tretest)? Buda ? Pesth ? Prague ?
Nnrnpnr,eNps? BnLsruM ? Slvrrzpnr,elqp ? Innspruck ? Cracorv ? Brunn ?
ISLANDS. Swrrzonr,exo.-Bern? Luzern? Interlaken? Gfeneva? Base]? Lau-
'Vhere are theg ? By uhat udters ara thcg uurounileit,l sanne ? Zurich ?
Zealand? Funen? Bornholm? Rugen? Texel? Laaland? Nontsumr Ire.r,y.-Turin ? Milan ? Mautua ? Clemona ? Venice ?

LE SSON LXXX. 6. 'Ihe Ckief ,lfineral ?roducts ale silver, lead, iron, ancl
salt. Saxorry is palticulally noted lbl its mines.
THE GERMAN EMPIRE. ?. The ,nfanufacturing fndustr.y is very gr:eat. fn t]re
1. THE GERMAN IIIPIRE is a confeileration of states of woolen manufacture, Gelmany is secorrcl only to Great Britaiu;
which Prussia is the most populous and powedul, its king being ancl irr the rna,kinq of glass is unsut'passed. 8. Commerce is activelythe emperor. The Diet, or parliament, meets at Berlin. catriecl on in all the northeln
2. Tbe Inlt,abitants te of the Teutonic lacc; and ar.e a ports, and a large inlancl trade
thoughtful and intelligcnt people, of unrvcaried industry, and great fi'om many of the interior cities.
musical

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GERMANY.                                                        /o

 a branch of the Rhine?  Tl'hat noted town ncar the Belgian frontier?                          MOUNTAINS.
 What cities in Sleswick-Holstein?  \\rlrat f'ree cities are included amorlg      Where are th.eg ?  lYhat b the ddrer:tion  of' the ran.qes ?
  tlre German States? Ans. ITamburg, Bremen, and. Lubac. \Yhat great     Haru? Schwarzr,vald (schuarts'uttlt). or Black l'orest ?  Fichtel Gebirge  river has rnost of its heaal rvaters in Bavaria ? Name trvo of its brancLes.      (fe&ttel, ga-beer'gu)? Riesen Gebirge? Erz Gerbirge? Bohmerrvald?  Jura?
 What city on the Isar Rivcr ?  \\rhat towns on the Danube ? Name the    Vosges 'i Alps'/ Noric Alps ? Itt. Blanc ? Rosa ? Cenis ? St. Bernard ?  other chief cities in Bavaria. \Yhat mountains bound Alsace on the lsest ?
 What noted mountains in Baden  'l  Arts. T'lLe Schutotzuald, or llkr,clc Fwest                    GULFS AND BAYS.                                                                                                                                      :
 Moutttuins. What lakes in Austria are connected with the Danube ?                Wltere are they ?  Tn tJral ulltrr woter rtre theg tributarg I          g'+
   Swrtznnr,eNo.-\Mhat  country on the north ? On tlie south ? On the       Daurzic'l Lubec ? 'Lw'ler Zte'! Venice ? Quarncru qquar-na'ro)?
  east ? On the west ? \Yhat mountains separate it from Italy ? What, {rom
 France ? \Yhat lake on the northern border ? What larEe lake on the                              LAKES,
 southwestern border ? In the western part ? \Vhat other lakes in Srvitzer-      Where are they ? Wat are their outlets?
  land ? \Yhat lofty peaks on or near the southern border ? \Yhat city on the       Gerneva ?  (lonstance ?  Neuchatel  (rtush'a-tel\ ?  Zurich  (z.oo'rik) ? Thun
 northern frontier?  \\rhat irnportant city on Lalic Geneva? \Mhat other    (tton)2 Co/mo? Ilaggiore (tnalul-ju'ru)'l Platten See?   Neusiedler (notl
 important citics and towns in Switzerland  ?                                               seedtler) 2
   Ausrnre.-What states bound it on the wcst ?  \\rhat sea ancl gulfs on the                                 RIVERS.
  southrvest ? Wlnt  division of Austria in the northrvestern part ?  \Yhat, in      Where do theg rise? In uhat dircction, thi.ottgh ulLat couttries, anil into
 the northeastern part ? What, in the southrvestcrn part ?  What, in the    uhut other uater tlo theg f,oto ?
 ccntral part ? What, in  tlie southern part ?  Narne the capital of oach.     Ilhine? Meuse? \Mcser? Filbe? Moldau? Ocler? Vis'tula? Isar
 Wliat ranges of mountains bound Bohcnia ? Wliat is the cbief sca-port of      (ee'zar) t  Po ? Adige (atl'e-je) 2 Drave ? Save ? Thciss  (tace) ?
  Austria ?  \\rhat town on the Danube, above Yienna ?  ll'hat  otller impor-
  tant cities and towns in Austria?                                                      CITIES AND TOWNS.
  Nontunnn Irer,y.-\4rhat mountains bound this section of Italy? Whai                                                                               In uhat state or courLtry are theg? Ifow situutetl? trvo rivcrs flow into the Adriatic Sea ? \Yhat are the principal bralchcs of                                                                                                       Dresden ?  Leipsic ? Brem/cn ? Ilanrburg ? the Po? What lakes in this section ? \Yhai three provinces does it include?     GonurN Ern'rnn.-Berlin ?                                                           Lubec?  Stettin ? Konigsberg? Dantzic? Poscl? Breslau? llalover? Ans. Piedmont, Lombetrtlg, and Tenice. \\'hat are the chief towns in each?
 What lolty peaks in Piedmont  ?                                        Altona? l'ranhfort on the Oder'i Frankfort on the Nlain? Xlagdoburg?
                                                                                   Coblenz ?  Strasbourg ? Munich ?  Augsburg ?  Stuttgart ?  Nurernberg  ?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ?                                                                                                    Schrverin                                                                                      Oldenburg'/                                                              ?                                                                                                                                       Kiel ?  Brunsn'ick                                                                                    ?  Carlsmhe
                                                                                                                                              Barrnen?                                                                                         Darmstadt?                                                                                                          Dusseldorf?          IESSON IXXIX.                            HeidelbergMetzl Cologne??                                                                Bonn?                                                                                                                                    Elberfeld.?
          REVIEW  EXERCISES.                             Aix-la-Chapelle  ?
                       COUNTRIES.                                     Nnrrrnnr,,c,xps.-Amsterdam ? The IIague ?  Utrccht ?  Leyilcn ?  Rot-
                                                                             terdam ?   Where are tltey ? What are their boutzdories ?  Tltedr capttals ?
   Gonrr,lN Elrprnn ? Prussia ? Saxony ? Olilenburg ? Mecklenburg ? Bruns-      Bnr,cruu.-Brussels ? Ghent ? Antrverp ? Liegc ? Bruges  (broo'.jiz) ?
 s'ick ?  Anhalt ?  Hesse Darmstadt ? Saden ?  Bavaria ?  Jfiurtember," t      Aus'rnr-c..-Vienna ? Gratz ? Tricste (tre'est)'! Buda ? Pesth ? Prague ?
 NnrunRr,.'r,Nps ? Bor,crulr ? Srvrrzpnr,eNo ?                                 Innspruck ? Cracolv ? Brunn  ?
                           ISLANDS.                                    Swrtznrr,Axo.-Bcrn ?  Luzern  ?  Interlaken? Geneva ?  Basel ? Lau-
                                                                                                                                                   ?   lYhtre are tlteg ? By uhat uatets ara th,cg surroundorT?                       ganne ? Zurich
  Zealand? Funen? Bornhohn? llusen? Texel? Laalancl?              NonrunnN Irer,y.-Turin ?  Illilan  ?  Mantua ? Cremona ? Yenice  ?

         LESSON LXXX.                           6. 'l'lre Ckief          ?rodttcts ar'e silyer, leacl, iron, antl                                                                                     "\'finerol                                                                  salt. Suxorrl. is prrlticulu'lv  riotccl lbl its nrirres.
         THE GERMAN EMPIRE.                                                                                7. Tlre .nfunufacturittg fndustr.y  is very glert.  fn thc
   1. TIIB GERI,IAN IiIIPIRE is a confcderation of states of    woolen lnanll{hctule,  Gelttratry is secotrrl oul)' ttl Gr.cat lil'itain   ;
which Pmssia is the most populous and powerful, its kitrg bcing      ar).1 in tlrc rurrliirrq- of glrss is unsut'passetl.
 thc cmperor. 'Ihc Diet, or parliamcnt, meets at llerlin.                B. Conmerce  is  actively                                                                                   cel'ricd on in  all thc nolt,heln
   2. The Inhabitanls u'c of thc Tcutonic l'eco; and alc a       l)ol'ts, anal l lrrge inland tracle
thouglrtfirl antl irrtclligent Pcoltlc, of ut)weaficrl i'tlustr.y,:rnd grcat     florn nrany of thc irrterior citics.
rDusic:rl genius. 'I'hey have lradc very great pfogl.css in scicnce       9. Tlre ?rezailing  77e-
and litelatule.                                             Itgion in the north is the
                                                                                south the    ,1. Zducatiozz  is rvitlely  c1iffusctl, and cornrnon scl)oois cr)d tllc    Protestant; in the
highel iustitutious of lcalning arc of uusrrr'pl.r,sscd cxccllcncc.        Roman Catholic.
                                                                        10. 'I'hc Goyertzment is
  4. The Suryfctce is lorv antl level in the Gcrrnauic Plaiu bolcler-     rnonarcfiical in  llll thc Gcr-
ing on the -Baltic ; but in the south it lises irrto thc l)Lrteur of     rnlrn strtes elccrpt tlte -?feeBavalia, ancl the lofty regions of the Alps. 'Ihe Clitnate  is     Cities, Ilambulg, Brerneu, aud
gencrally rnilcl arrcl healthf'ul.                                         Lubco.
  S. Agriculture   is the leacling occup&tion. firair, fllx,  lrol.rs,       11. The statcs bclonging to
and fi'uit are largely raiserl I and along the ll

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S\1'ITZNRLAND. tl

Sreslau, the chief 'n-ool market in contirrcntal Europe, notcrl 3. Tlre Ch,ief Tursuits ale glaziug ancl tnanufactru'cs. 'I'he
also lbr its great liuen tlacle aucl cxtcusive rnauul'actures. l'oprrh- cheese tnanufllcture is vely exterrsive and celebratccl ; antl tho
tion, about 208,000. making of rvatches, an almost universal employmcnt irr the
western cities aud towns. Ootton aud silk soo(ls are also rnacle. Cologne, the h,rgcst town irr Rhcnish Prussia, is notetl for its
trade in r,ines, its marrufacturc of Cologne water', and its rnagni{i-
cent cathcclral. Popul*tion, about 180,000. ffi ?, -.,r
Konig,rberg, a fortifiecl city on the Pregel, 5 milcs fi'om
?ilau, its p<-rr''u I noted for its trade in grain. Population, about a;*
I I 2,000.
Oantzic, thc cliief comrncrcill port of Prussial notcd for its
expoltation of rvheat, antl its tlade in anrber, rvhich is found on
the neighborirrg lvastcs. Itolmlatiun, about g0,000.
Jilagdebuf!, notecl fol its stlons for.tifications ; -Ulbetfeld
and Sanne?t, nnited cities, notecl for the manufacture of rib-
bons, lace, etc.l Aio-la-Cltolcelle, for its lristoric interestl
Oetsseldotf, for its paintings ; Coblenz, for its fortifications;
unO S7slttiz, an important commercial port in Prussia, are the
most interesting and important of the other citics.
QunstroNs.-1. I{orv is Prussia clescribccl ? 2. Its surfacc, soil, ancl CITY OF BASEI^ c.limate ? 3. Agriculture ? 4. lYhat ale thc chicf rnineral products ? 5.
Principal ruanufacturcs ? 6. Area ? 7. Iforv is Berlin describcd ? Bleslau ?
Cologne ? Konigsbcrg ? Dantzic ? lYhat otirer citics, and hotv lotcd ? 4. Tlre Inh,abitanl.J are of thc French ancl German character-
istics. About thlee fourths speak the Gclman language ; the
renraincler, French or Italian.
s. Zducntioa is rvidcly cliffusctl by an excellent systcm of
flc'e schools, and uuiversities ancl colleges in ther large cities. The
LESSON LXXXII. ?retailittg TTeldgion is the Protestant.
SWITZERTAND, 6. 'Ihe Goyernment is tl.r,lt of a fetlelal republic, consisting of
twenty-two states, cailecl Ctr,ntotts.
7. The froaQs ate good in most parts I those leaclins thlough
thc hishel passes of the Alps arc thc finest in Europe. Itailroads
cross thc plateau region betrveen the Alps and Jura Mountains.
8. The Area of Srvitzerlancl is about 16,000 square miles, bcing
about trvice as large as }lassachusetts.
9. The Chief Cities arc thc follorving:
Geneaa, the rnetropolis, bcautifully situaterl at tlre ontlct of
thc lake of thc sarne namet is noted fot its extensive tnanttl'acture
of"u'atches. Population, about4?r000.
Brtsel, ot Bale: is tlie nost irnportant commclcial and manu-
factuling city in Srvitzerlancl, particularly notecl for its manufacture
of ribbons. ft has many line litelary institutions, an ertensive
botanic galclen, and a lalge libtary. Population, about 48,000.
Bern, the capital of the Confederetion, is one of the most
beautiful tolns in Europe. It has a large inlancl trade. Popula- 1. S\\'ITZERLAND is ce1- tion, about 36,000. ebratecl for the sublimitv of
its scencly. Lofty mountains, 10. Among tlre othcr torvns may be mentionerl Laa8anrze,
itnmcnse glaciels, romantic Zeric/t, ntl Zuzertt, clistinsuishecl tbr the loruantic beauty of
valleys, anrl bcautiful lakes, thcir situatiou.
streems, ancl waterfalls give an enclless tliversity to its surface. Qunstroxs.-1. For r.vhrt is Srvitzt:rlanrl celebrrr,tetl ? 2. lYhat is saicl of
pursuits ? Whnt articles are cxtensively 2. The Soil, otvitlg to the nrggcil character of thc conntry, is the soil ? il. What aru tlre chief 5. Education inhabitants clcscribed 'i Horv arc the 4. ?
consist The govcrrunent rvhrt docs Srvitzerltntl Of ? ?. The?only in ferv places fit for tillaee. In the valleys, horve.r'er, it is manufactureclRcligion ? 6. ?very fertile anil well cultivated. Fotests clothe the sicles of the roads ? 8. Whtr,t is thc lrcl of Sl'itzcllancl ? 0. Horv is Gencva clescrilled ?
mountains, ancl the high-lands afford abundant pasture. Basel, or Balc? Bern? 10. \Yha,t other towns, antl horv noted?

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COM}ION SCHOOL GEOGRAPIIY.

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LESSON LXXX V"
DESCRIPTION OF ASIA.
1. ASIA is remarkable for its vrst extent, its lofty mountains 10. The Tregetalion also preserrts striking contrasts, fr.om tlre
ancl table-lancls, rts extcnsive Pltirrs, irnrnernse I'ivers, and the great luxririant tlopictl pllr,nts of thc souther.rr palts to the scant)r nlosses
diversity of its inhlbitants, in r.acc, Ianguagc, gover.nrncrrt, rcligion, and hcliens o{' the icy mars}rcs, or. Tuucln}s, of northern Sibcr.ia.
and degree cf civilization. Asia surpasses evel'y other graud clivision iu the number and value
2. Tts Surface, except tlre Gr.cat Nolthenr Plain, is an almost of its use{'ul plants.
continuous tablcJanrl, crossed by great mount:rin chairrs, arrcl 11. The Animols rre cqually larious. Tire elephant is fbunddescending into the lon.lantls of thc gr.elt rivcr btsins. in inunensc ]rcltls in Inclia; and thc tigcr, leoliar.cl, and pauther., in
3. The ?tincipa? ?lateau.f ale those of Alrbia, Pcrsia,, vu'ious palts. Thc lion inhabits the reqion lyiug betrveen Persia
Tibct, the Deccau (in llindoostarr), and }fongolia (iu the Chinese antl thc Garrgcs. Of tlrc other quatlmpcrls thc mrist inrportant al'c
Empirc). the carucl, clromctlaly, zebu or Incliltrr o,r, tlic Cashmere goat, the
4. Thc Grectl ?lains arc tliose of Siberia, of thc Gangcs, arrtl t'lrirrocclos, antl llre taprr'.
of tlie Yang-tse-Kiarrg, in Ccntlal China. 1 2. Thc 3t76lg of southcrn Asia ar.c of glcat variety anrl gor.geons
5. TIrc Ilimalaya Jfountains are the higliest on the globe, lrlrrrnage ; frelltileJ, such as the crocorlile, the boa.corrstlictor',
sLtlpents, abounrl ium:r,ny of its lteaks excee<ling 25,000 f'eet high ; IIt. Ilveresi,, the the cobla cle capcllo anrl other poisonoushighest, is 29,000 feet high. tlre ,qanre paltsl tlrc -Vis/t. irrclntle many very singular ,spcciesl
arrtl arnorrg t\e Insects, tlrc locust is nruch ch'eacled {br its 6. Tlre most extcnsive S;ystem is that of the "0{ountain Koosh,Ilintloo which, un,ler. r'arious nanr(ls, extencls the IDVages. through
'whole of southcrn A.sia-except tlie Andcs, thc longest line of 13. Thc Itt/tabitottl.J cornprelrentl foul of thc fir'c .qlcut laces
morrtrtrirrs in thc x'orld. of mankincl: tlie Caucasian, iir the rvest I the nlorrgolian, in the
7. The Tltyers ale immense, both in lcngth anil volume of not'thct'n, midclle, antl castcrn se.ctions; the }felay itr thc sonth. A
'n'ater'. The Yaug-tse-Kirng livals the nlississippi; anil the Ganges, small number of the lltliiopian, or Pupuan, r'a,co afe {bund iu the
thc saclecl rivcr of the llincloos, is rreatly 2,000 miles long, and ncighboring islantls.
flou's throngh oue of the richest valleys irr the world. The livels 14. Of the ?oltttlutiott, lrwarbeling about ?80 millions, ahoutof Sibcria are a.lso of great length. Tlic. Euphlates arrcl Tigds are
renorvrretl in histoly. 520 millions arc }longoliarrs I 220 millions, Caucasians I 39 ntiliions,
l\Inlal's I ancl onc million, Ethiopians or Papuans. 8. The Zahes are comparatively fcl'. Beikal ancl Ralkash are
the largcst fi'esh-rvatel lal.ies I ancl the Caspian ancl Aral scas, the 15. Tlre Goyernment is almost universally clcspoticl antl the
latgest of salt lvatcr. 'I'hc lblmer of these salt lakes is about four reldgion, either Mohammed.iln or Pagan.
times as large as Lrke Supelior. QunsrroNs.-1. Forlvhat is Asitr rernarkable ? 2. Its snrface ? 3. The
9. Thc Climate, irr the north, is vcry coltl; in the south, princ\ial plttelus ? 4. Great pltrins ? 5. Ilimalaya llountains ? 6. IMhich
lakes ? g. Thetropictl, ancl in tlie rnidtlle, te'mllerate. 'l'he eastern ancl southenr rs the longest mountain system ? 7. Tite rivels ?' 8. The
? '? 10. The vegctation 11. The anirnals Birds ? ? 12. ? Reptites
locust The inhabitants races clifferent inhabitpit,l'ts lecei\,ing the rvincls florn thc ocean are weil wateretl; beyond climateFish ? ? 1il. The ? What
the nrountains, a vast region stt'etclring fi'om Inclia to Siberia is Asia ? 14. What proportion of the population belong to each ? 15. Govern-
rainless and J.rrrt'err. ment ? Relision ?

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B3 HINDOOSTAN A}ID FARTFIER INDIA

: LESSON LXXX\TIII. 15. The ChieJ Cittles in Hincloostan are the follorvirtg
Senares, the religious capital of the Iliniloos, visitccl by im' I N D I A, mense multitudes of pilglims; it has uprvarcl of 1,000 templcsl is
etc' Asia, also distinguishecl for its trade in diamoncls, opiutn, incligo, 7. India cmbraces the two great peninsulas in southern
called respectively Hin'doostan and. Ira,rtltar In'dia. Population, 1?3,000.
z. I{dndoostan' called sotnetimes lfither hrclia, con-
stitutes the plincipal pcrtion of British lnclia. Its area
is about 1,400,000 square miles, beiug neally one half as
lalse as that of the Uiritecl States.
3. It irrcludes the Plain of the Ganges, one of the most.
fertile aud populous regions of the globe, the Plain of the
Indus, and the Plateau of the Deccan, notecl for its diarnond
nrincs, olice very productive.
4. The Cldmate is exceedingly varied; but usually
hot, except iu the elevatecl regions. 'I'he seasons ale tlte
lvct arrtl dr1-.
5. The Tegetable ?rodttcts inclurle, principally, rice
and. other glains, cotton, opiurn, incligo, hernp, and sugar.
Ilice constirutes tha principal alticle of fooel of the inhab-
itants, and cottou their chief'rrratcrial fol clothiue.
ale plecious stones, gold, silver, 6. The Chief "1f,htero/s .l/adras, a large conrtnercial city o{ Ilincloostan, and a greatcopper, iron, coll, antl saltircter'. nrilitu'y station of the Blitish Got-ertrlnent. Population, 395,000.
?. The em- "lf.ctnulfactures complise dless-coods, carpets, anrl Calcutta, capital of Blitish fnclia, atril one of the chiefcasbrnere sharvls. ancl embroidery Silk the cutting of precious opium. poriutns of Asia ; clistiuguished fol its great tlatle instones ar-e cau'icd on skill. very grcat with Population, 616,000.
8. The Goyernment of British Inclia is aclministerecl by a nomba3r, the seconil cotnmet'oinl citv in fn<lia, is notecl for itsgoyernor-general ancl a council, appointed bv the British goveln- finc halbor', its extensiye trade n'ith Europe and China, auil its yast
rnent. The Queen of Xngland is entitlcd Enpress of India, fortifications. Population, 644,000.
9. is Brahminism, rvorship Tlre or the Tleligdon. '?retadling The most important of thc othcl cities e;r'e ?)e/hi, formcr'lv the an people are of imaginary deity callecl the Bralmtu. A portion of capital of a powedul empile, ancl the largest city in lIin{oostan IMohammedans. Zucktt.otv, oue of the richest cities in India; E1dnroOoO, 10. CEYLOI{, a large, fertile, ancl intcresting island, also be- the capital of a native kingclom, antl near Golconda, lirr[otrs lbrlongs to British India. Its chief vegetable products ale rice, coffee, its precious stoncs.
cinnamon and other spices, anil cocoa-nuts. Cabinet-woods, snch
as ebony, roselvood, satin'wood, etc., are obtainecl from the fbrests. 16. Thc Chief Cities of l'arthcr India are the follorvins':
housesIt is very rich in precious stones ancl plumbago. Banqkok, the eapital of Siam, noted- for its floating
11. CASHMBRE is a small kingclom in the northrvestern palt built upon Bamboo raf'ts. Population estimateil at 500,000, a large
of Hindoostan, noted for its manufacture of sharvls from the hair part Chinese.
of the Tibet goat. Larlnk is a clependency of Cashmere. Tliese Saigolt, an important river port, noteil for its navv-yarcl anil
countries are yery mountainous, colal, ancl sterile. alscnal. Population, 100r000
FARTIIER INDIA. singapore, one of the most flourishins cities of Asia, rlistin-
12. FARTIIBR INDIA has a divelsifiecl snrfacc. beinq inter- quished. for its irnmense commel'ce, being the station for stealn-
sectecl by monntain ranges and sevelal large rivers. Its Cld?nate ships between Inclia ancl China. This city and the island on
and, ?roducts arc similar to those of Flindoostan. The southeln rvhich it is situated belong to Great Blitain. Population, 150,000.
portious and the acljaccnt islancls are particularly notccl fol their -Kes/to, ths I'hief commet'cial city of nol'thcrn Anam, noterl
tin. for its fbrcign trade. Population, 501000.
13. The fnhabdtants l":r'e of a mixecl character, consisting of -Uuerthe capital of Anam, is a stl'ong military post, anrl isChinese and .Malays. 'fhe freligion is chiefly Budilhism, the remarkable lbr.its canals and clegant boats. Population, 100,000.wolship of Budtlha, a false gorl, and other forms of idolatry. In 2. What is llindoostan ? Itsthe }Ialay Peninsula, .Nlohammedanism prevails. Quostrows.-1. What does India embraee ? crea? 3. Wlrat plains and plateau does it include? 4. Climate? 5' Chief
14. The u'estern pott,ions belonq to Great Britain ; the othets vegetable products? 6. Chiefminerals? 7. Ilanufactures? 8. Government?
(-'ashmere. &c ? 12' Far-chiefly comprise N}l'e Zmptdre of Burruralt., and the kingcloms 9. Religion? 10.'How is Ceylon described? 11.
15. of. Sdam and Anam. The whole region embraces an area of therlndia? 13. Itsinhabitants? 14. Whatdoesit include? Its area? 16. Chief cities of Farther Inilia ? Describe each ?about 880,000 square miles. Chief cities ?

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COXIMON SCHOOL CEOGRAPHYF
I 'lyestern Asia and tbe nast. The C/tief Etports are shauls,
carpets, muslins, indigo, and homes.
8. The Chief Clties arc Cabool, tbe great gatheling place
for caravans passing between ryestern Asia and India; -Kanda-
har, the capital of central Afghanistan ; and Eeraf, an impor-
tant military station, at Ure principal pass of the Flinrloo-I(oosh
Ilountains.
9. BELOOCHISTAN is an elevated and, for the most part, a
d.esert region, inhabited principally by a wandering people, called
the Beloocltees. 'Ihey are brave and hospitable, but are indo-
lent and vindictive I and many of thcm given to pluncler. The
area is about 1501000 square milesl population, 2,0001000.
10. Gundala isthe chief ton'n, and is Ure rvinter rcsidcncc of
the Khan ; ttre capital is l{clat, which h:ls a large caravan tracle.
11. PERSIA rvas anciently a r,ery populous ancl porverful mon-
archy I ancl contains many intercsting ruins, the most noted ot
which are those of Persepolis, in the vicinity of Shiraz. The
Goyernment is monarchical. The chief ruler is called thc Shah.
'I'he area is 6361000 square miles ; population, 5,0001000.
12. The fnltabitanl.s comprise the Persians proper, wlro lile
in the cities and ferbile vallcys, and the wandering tribes of the
mountains and desert regions. 'Ihe latter comprise about one
fourth of the rvhole population, ancl their principal occupation is
raising sheep, goats, antl olher domestic animals.
13. The Chief Agricultural ?rodttcts are grain, sngar', IESSON I-,XXXIX. dates, and figs. 'Ihis country is particularly cclcblated for its finc
AFGHANISTAN, BEt00CHISTAN, AND PERSIA. brceil of horses.
are iron, lead, cop- 1. The Surface of Urese countries is generally eievated, they 14. The ?rinctpal lf,tlneral ?rodercts
callecl the tnrquoisa being all situatetl in the Plateau of fran-a region abounding in per, antimony, ancl salt. 'I'he precious stoue
desert plains, fertile valleys, and forest-coveretl mountains. Salt is only obtainccl in Pcrsia.
lakes are numerous in some sections. 15. Tlre consist chicfly of silks, carpcts, "lfanulfactttres 2. The Clinaate is as various as the surfacc. While snorv sharvls, cuLlery, and perfumes.
remnins on the mountain-tops, the valleys are ertremely hot. The 16. The Cft.a'ef Cities are the follorving : seasons are alternately wet and dry.
fspaltan, the largcst citv-once the capital, and exceecline'ly 3. AI'GiIANISTAN is inhabiterl by numcrous bolcl anil war- populous; it is noted for its q?nufactures, ancl beautiful sur- like races. They are frank, sociable, and hospitable. 'Ihc fertile round.ingscenery. Population, 60;000. parts are occupied by a stationary population, but the deselts are
ilhabited by rvand"eliug tribes, some of rvhich snbsist by plunder. Teherarz, the capital is clistinguished for its mannfacturc of
The inhabitants arc chieflv Mohammedans. The area is about carpets and. halclware, and- its numerous mosques and caravan-
298,000 square miles I population, 41300,000. saries. Population,85,000.
4. The Goyernme?tt \\as formelly an hereditarv monarchy, Iabreez, noted for its extensive trade ancl lofty situation.
but is norv in the hands of the three chicfs of Herat. Cabool. and Population, 110,000.
Kanclahar.
17. Tlre other Importa?zt Cities arc "Lfesltel, noietl for its
5. Agt"icultetre is carlied on in the fertile districts, thc chief shawl manufactures ; Busltire, the plincipal porl on the Persiru
proclucts being grain, sugar, ginger, and cotton. 'I'hc principal Gulf ; Shiraz, f'amous for its gardcns and wine ; and "tVelslta- attention is, holvever, given to the rcaring of flocks and herds. poor, fcrr its tlade in turquoises.
6. The ,flfineral ?roduct,s are the common metals, salt, and. QunsrroNs.-1. How is the surface of this region described? 2. The alum. Gokl aud silrer a,re fonncl to some extcnt in the strcams climatc? 3. The inhabitants of Alghanistan? 4. The government? 5.
flowing from the llinrloo-Koosh Mountains, and lich mines of Agriculture ? 6. The mineral products ? 7. Commerce ? Chief exports'i 8.
coppcr, near Cabool. Chief cities? L How is Bcloochistan dcscribed? Its inhabitanis? 10. Capi-
tal and chief torvn? 11. For what is Persia noted ? The government? 12.
7. Commerce is lctively carried on with fnclia, Persia, ancl Its inhabitants ? 13. Agricultural products ? 14. Mineral products ? 15. Man-
Turkestan. 'Iliis couutry is the grcat thorouglfare between ufactures? 16. Chiefcities? 1?. Other important cities.

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90 COMMON SCIIOOL GEOG.RAPHY.

8. The Cdties and Zoyns of some sections of llpper Guiner
are yery large, several containing oyer 100,000 people. The prin.
cipal to'wns of the \yestern section are the following :
,ilbbeohoota, formed. by the union of several tribes and by
negroes recapturcd frorn the slave-hunters ; an important mission-
ary station.
Cumassie, thc capital of Ashantee, has a large tracle with the
interior, and carlies <.rn rude manufactures of pottery, cotton,
cloth, etc.
Abonaey, capital of Dahomey, noted for tlie barbarous prac-
[. tices of both king and people, the palace of tlie former being
extensively engaged in slavett decorated with human skulls. It is
traffic.
Cape Coast Castle, a fort and town on the Guinea coasi,,
r belcnging to the British, thc inhabitants of which are prii,cipally
t, uegroes.
F'
ir -Loango and, Treetow?o are important commercial towns I
St, ?hul de Zoaudo is the lesidence of the Portusuese
governor-genclal.
9. The Cheef Zoyns of eastern Africa arc J),l-ozambigue, l, African elepbantl 2, butraloes;3,pan-
ther; 4, leopard; 5, monkey; 6, tu'o-horned the Portuguesc metropolis; ^Zonzt'bar, capital of the Sultan of
Ihinocero8 zebrai 8, crocodilc 1 7, i 9, chim- Zanzibar, noted for its largc exportation of grain ; attd, tramoo, panzee; 10, spotted hyena; 11, Nurnirlian
lion; 12, pelican; 13, hippopotamus with the chief port next to }Iozambiclue.
youlg oue; 14, oetrich; 15, dromedary; 1$
girafe. SOUTII AFRICA.

Cape LE SSON XCY. 10. This section comprises the British possessions of Colony, Caffr'aria, Natal, Griqua-Lantl, Zulu-Land, Trans-Vaal
COAST REGIONS AND SOUTH AFRICA. Republic, and the Orange River Free State. The last two are
controlled by the Dutch settlers.
1. The COAST REGIOI{S, on both the easb and" west siales of The Dutch settlers revolted from the British Government and formed tbese
Africa, arc hot, and in the lowlanris rery unhealthy. Towarcl the two independent gtates. The Orange River Republic was recognized by Great
interior, the country rises into hills and mountains. Britain in 1854. Both states are in a tlrriving condition.
2. lfhc Sotllis veryfertile, ancl the yegetable products impor- 11. Tlre InhaTitanl..t comprise tlie llottentots, Bechuanas,
tant and yarious. ifhey comprise pernuts, rice, sugar, palm-oil, and Caffres, who are the aborigines, ancl the Inglish anrl Dutch
cotton, ginger, and. tropical fruits. scttlers. Ihe freli.qion of the ratives is paganism I the settlers
3. The streams are fich in golcl dust; and in western Africa, are clriefly Protestants. -Uducatiozz is provided. for in thc nuro-
golcl miuing is carried on to some exterrt. fron is also found. pean settlements. \
12. The Climate is milcl ancl healthfirl. Scarcely any rain falls
4. TIre fn.lta?titanls of thc \yestern rcgions are negroesl but in the interior or on the lvestern coast. 'Ihe Soil, in somc parts, there are tsritish, French, and. Portuguese settlements on the is very feltile. coast. On the eastern coasts, there are many Arab settlements ancl some extent in the fertile clis- Portuguese trad.ing towns. The natives are generally in a barba- 73. Agriculture is carriecl on to tricts, and incligo, tobacco, sugar, coffee, and. cotton ale cultivated. rous conrlition.
Pasturagc is, ho'wever, the chief source of wealth.
The government of the Eastc.rn Coast Regions from Cape Guardafui to 14. The Commerce of the British colonies is important. The Cape Delgado is clairned by the Sultan of Zanzlbar. The Portuguese claim
the more soutliern portions. The latter carry on an extensive commerce with chief exports are wool, flour, cotton, tobacco, wine, ivory, and.
Hindoostan. aloes.
an 5. LIRERIA is a republic; it was establisheil as a eolony in 15. Ihe Chief Zot/ns arc Cape fioun, which has
1822, by the American Colonization Society, as an asylum for extensive commerce, ancl a noted astronomical observatory, rvith
emancipated. negroes. The capital is Monrouia. several literary institutions; Grahamts Zbwn ancl ?ort
-Ulizabetlt, which arc flourishing trading settlements. 6. SIERRA LBONA is a British colony, established as a home
for free blacks. Its capital is Freetorun. QunstroNs.-1. Describe the coast regions. 2. The soil ? 3. Mineral
products? 4. Inhabitants? 5. Liberia? 6. SierraLeone? ?. Ashanteeand
?. Near L,iberia, are the native kingdoms of As/tantee and, Dahomey ? 8. Which are the chief cities and towns of western Africa ?
f)ahomey, noted for their barbarous customs and extrernel.y Describe each. 9. \4rhich are the chi

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INlI]EIiIOIT ItEGIONS AND ISLANDS OI' AT'RICA. 91

The n. "M-anzqfactures of a rurle character ate carrierl on. L ESSON X CVI. chief articles are lcather, cotton cloths, and farrning implements.
INTERIOR REGIONS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 12. Tlre Chief -Utr7lot't,s are sla'r'es, goltl, gum-arabic, antl
1. The INTERIOR REGIONS inclur.le the desert countrv of ivory.
Sahara, thc fcrtile region of Sottdan' and the Great Soitlt.- 13. The Cities are numerous and some of them very populons;
ern ?lateau, wlich is only partially explorccl. Takoba, Saccatoo, I(an,o, and, Tfara are among the largest;
z. SAII;\RA, irr some sections, is rocky and uncr.cn, anil cer.tein arrd. are the most important for trade. -Kano is onc of the chief
clistricts abouncl in salt. tr'crtile spots, or oascs, are nurnel'ous. marts of Central Africa. Iitnbuctoo, \eat- the Niger River, is
The 'western part is most. unifolnly balt'en. a noted caravan station, being the emporium of the trade between
Barbary, Guinea, and Senegambia.
tr4. Sournrnx Pr,arnlu. This is a yery extensive region lying
to the south of Soudan. Ii is a warm and. fertile country, but, as
yet, is but little explorerl.
15. The Inhabitants, in the explorerl sections, are partly
civilized. They keep large flocks aud herds, till ttre soil, carry on
manufactules to some extent, anil barter ivory in exchange for
calico, trinkets, etc., ivith traders from the coasts.
'1,6. Trtyns. In the southern portions of this region, many
large and populous torvns have been discovered. Ivory is the
chief article of commeroe.
17. ISLANDS. .Modagascar is lory and marshy near the
coast, but in the interior is fillell rvith mountains ancl tablc-lands.
It lescmbles South Africa in soil and climate. Rice is thc chief
stnple. 'Ihe inhabitants al'e chiefly }lalays on the crstcln sic1e, and
rregroes on tlrc westeln. The capital is Zfunanariyo.
OASES. 18. .nfauritius belongs to Great Britain. It is a rugged vol-
3. The Climole is exccssively hot ancl dly, nearly the whole canic island. The chief product is sugar'. Boztt'hottt or fre-
region beiu.q cntirely rainless. Wclls and springs are founil in the ?tnion fsland belongs to France.
valleys I and the coarse grass affotils pastulage for sheep, goats,
and camels. The datc-pahn grc.lvs in some of the oascs.
4. Tlre In/tabitnnls include }Ioors and Arabs in the nolth and
rvcst I 'Itrariks, in thc ccntral palt I ancl Tibboos, in the eastctn.
They leacl a rvanclering life like the Beclotrins of Arabia.
5. Thc Zrports alc salt, ostrich fcathers, anil gum-arabic; the
lattel being obtilineil in great abunclance from the groves of acacilr
trees on thc southern borclerls.
6. The 27ade across the tlesert is very cxtcnsivc. l\[erchants
travel in calavans of from 200 to 500 men, rvith sometirnes as mal)y
as 2,000 canrels. In some instunces, thesc caravans ale destroyctl
by u.hillwincls belrins vast cloucls of sand.
1. Tezzan is the largest oasis, anrl is a clcpendency of Tripoli.
The chie{' procluct is clates. t}re capital, is a town of "?foorzook, PORT LOIIIS, }TAURITIUS.considerable commcrce.
B. The other important towns of Sahara arc, -f{oden ot 19. The Canary, Cape lterde, ancl Jfadzira island,-* arc Ttadan, il.gablJ, a large caravan station, ZTsheet, an impor- all of volcanic orisin. 'I'hey have a lvatm and delightfirl clirnatc,tant ilate market; and Gltat, a)a'-ge tlading town, noted. for its and are yery productiye. The first of these groups belongs toextensive plantation of date-palms. Spain; the other trvo, and also the Azores, belong to Portugal.
9. SOUDAN is wcll v'ateretl ancl fcrtile. fts ,qurface is divetsi-
isfied, ancl its climate hot. It cornprises nrany inclependent states or QunsrroNs.-1. Which are the interior regions of Africa ? 2. Ilor.v Sahura describecl ? 3. Its climnte ? 4. Its inhabitants i' 5. Whiclt are thekingdoms, inhabited by ncgro tribes. clrief exports? 6. The tracle act'oss the desert! 7. Fezz'an? lloorzook?
trlrurrfuc-
Southern 10. The Inhabitants are in a savasc state. Slavery is com- 8.turesOthcr? 12.tot'nsWhich? 9.areDcscribethe chief Soucltln.exports ?10.13.ItsTheinhabittrnts'/chicf cities ? 11.14.
mon, and wars are wageal to procure captives for bondage. They Plateau. Its soil? Climate? 15. Its inhabitants? 16. Totvns? 17. llad-
are either Mohammedans or Pagarrs. agascar ? 18. Mauritius ? 19. Canary Is. '? etc.

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 9,1                     CO}T}ION  SC}IOOL  GEOGRAPIIY

   11. The Cltief Cities a'-e Jfel\ourne, a large commercial        t6. Seltlentents.  Ilulopean colonics ha,vc bccn c.stablishcd
 citt; Sjtdnejr, the chief port of Ncrv South Wales, and .ildelaide,     lrpon some of thesc i,slands, atrrl cottsiclclable p'oglcss rnrde  irr
a flourishing town. The first two have a population of 198,000      civilizing the natir,cs. Iu thc Srnclwich  fsirlutls, uruch itnprove-
ancl 134,000, respectively.                                      ment hlrs been ell'ectcrl.
                                                                        17. The Cottltnerce of sonrc of these islauds is qrritc c.rlett.sive
                                                                                 ancl inrpoltant.
                                                                             18. Tlrc Chief -Zbwn is l{onolultt,   the capital of thc Snnrl-
                                                                               l'ich 9nurp, a rrotecl sta,tiott fbr rrlralc-shi1is, as rvcll as lbl stcaru-
                                                                          ships lrlying acr'oss the Pacilic. l'opulatiorr, about 15,000.





                     SCENE IN  AI]STIIAT,TA.
   72. .Mey .Zealand rnd l'asmania are the next most impor-
 trrnt of tlle Ilritish possessions.
    l;1. POLYNESIA is the name givcn to thc vast rnultitrrde of
isllrrrtls scattcrecl or,cr thc Pacific Occau. 'I'he y arc paltil'  o1'
volcarric  arr<1 partly of ctiral formation.
   I'{. Tlrc Climate is rrriltl arrrl lilcastrrtI anrl tlta Soil  f itltls in                      LE-\F -\ND F Itt  t'.I' ()h. BItIr.\D-t-ttt-I'f   1'ItItE.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3.great abrurrllrncc lnlrlry valualrlc lrllnts I as t]rc brcn<l-li'uit  tlcre: tltc      QunstroNs.-1. Of rvlrrrt tlots }Irrlill'sia con-qist? 2. Ils gor-ct'ttnrcut?
1.ot:on-nut. plantains, srvcet potatocs, ancl sugllt-cl,llc,  rvitlr tropical     Chicf protlucts?  4. Dtlsclilrc trIunilt. 5. Rrrtrrvia. 6. WIrlt  tLrt's  Attsl,t'llttsirr,
fruits.                                                                                           cornlrrisc ? l)csclibc r\rrstlrlin. 8. \{hut is sititl of ils clinriltc'i 0. l1s Lni-                                                                                               ntals antl liirurts i/  10. Ilinerrls ? 11. Chicf citics'i 19. Othcl isltrntls ?  13.
  15. 'l'lrc, Itiltohttctttls rrc chiclly }lulnr-s, nurl until leccrrtlv     trVhat docs Pollncsit inrludc'/  14. Its clitttittc ? 15. Its ilirrr,bitauts ? 16
wel'e savages. arrd in sorue of the islantls canuibals.                              Settle rrents ? 17. Clonncrcc '/  18. Chicf tolvn  ?

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