Film cameras
Zeiss Ikon Icarex User manual
User manual for Zeiss Ikon Icarex. 34 pages in English. Read the original PDF, download or print a copy without registration.
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Document details
- Brand
- Zeiss Ikon
- Model / document
- Zeiss Ikon Icarex
- Document type
- User manual
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 34
- File size
- 2.5 MB
- Category
- Film cameras
- Document date
- Not specified in catalog
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Page 3 · Read text
lcarexS5
TM-
*r&
lcarex35S
TM"
Single lens reflex camera for miniature film
Format 24 x 36 mm
These instructions apply for both types of camera, in
black and silver finish. The cameras differ from each
other only in regard to the viewfinder system and the
relevant deviations in the exposure measurement.
Each section of the text in these instructions is clearly
marked for which camera model it is applicable.
We advise you to practise using the various controls on
your ICAREX before loading a film. Open out the inner
flaps of the covers so that you can refer to the individual
camera ^^rtrols when reading the instructions.
* TM : thread mount (of lens)
www.orphancameras.com
2View original page 3Page 5 · Read text
Gontrols
for ICAREX35 TM and ICAREX35 S TM
(control numberswithout a special note apply for bothIi models)
q
t Diaphragm stop-down pin on lens
(To check depth-of-field, when the lens is used on
other cameras which are not equipped with a special
diaphragm stop-down mechanism)
2 Aperture setting ring with aperture scale and grips
3 Focusing ring
4 Focusing scale in metres and feet
5 Setting mark for distance and aperture
6 Depth-of-field scale
ICAREX35 7 Interchangeable waist-level viewfinder
ICAREX35 8 Gatch for opening waist-level viewfinder
tcAREX3s 9 Hinge pin for snap-up focusing magnifier
tcAREX3s 10 Film speed disc with DIN and ASA scale
ICAREX35 11 Setting mark for disc 10
tcAREX3s 12 Button release for changing viewfinder units
tcAREX35 13 Interchangeable pentaprism viewfinder
with accessory shoe
14 Viewfinder eyepiece
tcAREX35 15 Indicator for ready-to-shoot control (green dot)
16 Shutter release with screw-in socket for cable
release
ICAREX35 17 Milled ring for setting film-in-use disc
ICAREX35 18 Indicator window for film-in-use disc
19 Shutter speed ring
tcAREX3sS 20 Film-in-use disc
21 Rewind button with fold-away rewind crank
tcAREX3sS 22 Exposure meter window on camera body
ICAREX35S 23 Lever for covering viewfinder eyepiece. Normal
position "right" (red dot covered)
TCAREX35S 24 Setting mark for disc 20
tcAREX3sS 25 Accessory shoe
ICAREX35S 26 Milled film speed disc
ICAREX35S 27 Window indicating set film speed
28 Setting mark for shutter speed
tcAREX3sS 29 Main switch for power circuit
30 Rapid advance lever (swung out in working position)
www.orphancameras.com
4View original page 5Page 7 · Read text
The following control numbers refer to the illustrations
on page 30.
31 Eyelets for carrying straps
32 Lever for delayed-action mechanism (self-timer)
33 Diaphragm stop-down pin
34 Socket for connecting flash lamp units
35 Socket for connecting electronic flash units
36 Release knob for rewind locking mechanism
ICAREX35 S 37 Viewfinder eyepiece with eyecup
38 Tripod socket
TGAREX3s S 39 Battery compartment with loaded battery
ICAREX35 S 40 Battery cover
Loading and unloading (Fio.onpase6)
(Dot not load or unload film in direct sunlight.)
TCAREX35 Pull rewind knob 21 upwards until the camera back is
tcAREX35 S released. Then slip the film leader which projects from
the film cassette into slot 45 of the take-up spool and
engage one of the perforations on the tooth in the slot.
(lf slot 45 is not visible, rotate the spool by turning
milled ring 46.)
Next pull the cassette across the film track and drop
into film chamber 42 with rewind knob 21 again being
pulled upwards as far as it will go. Now push the
rewind knob right down into the camera. (lf necessary,
rotate slightly whilst pushing down.) Rotate the take-up
spool by turning milled ring 46 until the perforations at
both edges of the film are engaged by the sprockets on
transport roller 44.
Close the camera back and press down so firmly that
it is heard to click into position. Operate rapid advance
lever 30 and shutter release 16 alternately until the
number "1" appears under the mark in frame counter 43.
As soon as a number is visible in the frame counter
window, this indicates that there is a film in the camera
(loading control). When the frame counter moves on,
the film has been advanced (film transport control). The
frame counter always indicates the number of frames
that have already been exposed.
After exposing the last frame (the frame counter indicates
corresponding to the number of frames on www.orphancameras.comb the numberView original page 7Page 8 · Read text
41 42 4344_
41 Fitm winding lug (must engage in slot in the base of
film cassette
42 Film cassette chamber
43 Frame counter
44 Transport roller with sprocket rings for engaging the
perforations of the film
Slot with tooth for engaging and holding the film
leader
Milled disc for turning film take-up spool
the fitm), do not tension with the rapid advance lever
but rewind the film.
Removingthe film
Press down button 36 to release the rewind locking
mechanism and turn rewind crank 21 in the direction of
the arrow until the frame counter indicates it has reached
its initial position and a slight resistance is felt. The
film is thus detached from the take-up spool. Only now
open the camera back by pulling up the rewind knob
and remove the film cassette.
Always keep the take-up spool and film guide track
clean!View original page 8Page 9 · Read text
Setting the film speed
ICAREX35 S Set the film speed on the camera immediately the film
has been loaded or check the speed that has already
been set.
Turn milled ring 26 until the appropriate rating is opposite
one of the red triangles under window 27.
lf the rating is not engraved on the scale, set at a suit-
able intermediatevalue.
The film speed in DIN or ASA is given on the film
packing or in the accompanying instructions for use.
Setting the film speed
tcAREX3s lmmediately after loading the film, set or check the
film speed either on the separate exposure meter or
on disc 51, if the camera has the pentaprism viewfinder
with exposure meter, (see Page 17).
The film speed in DIN or ASA is given on the film
packing or www.orphancameras.comin the accompanying instructionsfor use.
7View original page 9Page 10 · Read text
Film-in-usediscs
These serve only as a memory aid and do not influence
the camera action.
tcAREX35 The film speeds are given in DIN and ASA on disc 10.
On turning the disc, they click into position at setting
mark 11. The disc visible under window 18 contains svm-
bols on the types of film used.
It is set with milled ring 17.
The symbols indicate:
1 No film loaded
2 Black-and-whitenegative film
3 Colour negative film
4 Colour reversal film for flash exposure
5 Colour reversal film for daylight exposure
6 Colour reversal film for artificial light
g^ r' [, E. E' E.
tcAREX35 S On turning disc 20 the symbols click into position at
setting point 24. They indicate the following:
Colour reversal film for daylight exposure
Black-and-whitenegative film
Colour negative film
Colour reversal film for flash exposure
lnfra-red film
Colour reversal film for artificial lightView original page 10Page 11 · Read text
Viewfinder System
tcAREX35S ln contrast to the ICAREX 35, the ICAREX 35 S has a
fixed viewfinder.
The focusing screen is a ground glass screen with micro-
prism ring and central diagonal split-image rangefinder,
on which the subject when looked at through a penta-
prism in the shooting position is the right-way-round
and enlarged.
ICAREX35 A notable feature of this camera are the interchangeable
screen and viewfinder units. The screen units (focusing
screens) serve to hold the image outlined by the lens,
whereas the viewfinder units permit agreeable and
enlarged observation of this image.
The fact that the finder units are interchangeablemeans
that the focusing method can be adapted to suit pre-
vailing conditions.
Screen units (focusing screens)
tcABEX3s The camera is supplied with a ground glass screen with
microprism spot and central diagonal split-image range-
finder as standard focusing screen, with which nearly
all photographic needs can be met.
It is highly suitable for checking the depth-of-field with
i stopped down lens. Similar in its range of use is the ground glass screen
with microprism spot. lt permits exact focusing even
under poor lightlng conditions. The ground glass screen
is recommended when sharpness over the entire image
field is desired. This is usually the case in close-ups
and macrophotography.When there is sufficient illumina-
tion, the depth-of-fieldcan also be checked with stopped
down lens.
The fresnel screen with microprism spot and split-image
rangefinder provides rapid and accurate focusing when
bright. is verY area viewing{ the with cross hairs and the fresnel screen clear glass The
screen with double cross hairs are suitable for exposures
through a microscope or endoscope. They can also be
used, if the rangefinder in the standard focusing screen
is not adequately illuminated owing to a small lens
aperture or if the available light is too poor to permit
focusing with the ground glass screen'
www.orphancameras.com 9View original page 11Page 13 · Read text
A Ground glass screen with microprism spot and
central diagonal split-image rangefinder
B Ground glass screen with microprism spot
c Ground glass screen
D Fresnel screen with microprism spot and split'image
rangefinder'
E Fresnel screen with double cross hairs (micro-screen)*
F Clear glass screen with cross hairs (micro'screen)*
* These screens cannot be used for exposure measure'
ment with the pentaprism viewfinder with CdS exposure
meter.
G Waist-level viewfinder
H Pentaprism viewfinder
I Pentaprism viewfinder with CdS exposure meter
Viewfinder units
TGAREX35 Waist-level viewfinder 7 is used for direct observation
of the image on the focusing screen by looking down
into it, although the image is reversed from left-to-right'
It keeps out any disturbing stray light. lt is opened by
pressing down catch 8. A magnifier, which is lifted up
by hinge pin 9 facilitates focusing the subject.
Through the pentaprism viewfinder the image can be
seen the right-way-round and upright. lt should be part
of the standard equipment of the camera.
The pentaprism viewfinder with CdS exposure meter
also provides through-the-lens exposure measurement.
Changingthe finder units
TGAREX3s To remove the viewfinder unit, press down catch 12 and
slide unit backwards and out.
To attach, push the unit forward until catch 12 is heard
to engage.
The screen unit (focusing screen) can be removed, after
the viewfinder unit has been lifted off, by loosening
the 4 screws; it can be replaced by an alternative
screen. The screen units are of symmetrical design. On
insertion the narrower end must be towards the mirror
and the collar with the screw holes be in level contact.
www.orphancameras.com l 1View original page 13Page 14 · Read text
Focusingwith
central diagonal
split-image
rangefinder
Focusingwith
microprismspot
and ground glass
screen
Focusing
ICAREX35 S lf the viewfinder eyepiece is locked, push small lever 23
to the right to cover the red dot.
IGAREX35 Look through the viewfinder and sight the subject, if
ICAREX35 S possible, on a vertical or horizontal edge or line so
that it runs exactly through the centre of the finder.
The line which appears distorted in the central diagonal
split-imagerangefinderis straightenedby turning setting
ring 3. The correct distance has now been focused and,
at the same time, the unsharp line on the ground glass
screen and in the microprism spot is sharp.
The focused distance is indicated on scale 4 at orange
setting mark 5.
Subjects which have no straight line for focusing can
be focused with the microprism spot or the ground
glass screen.
tcAREX3s When using the fresnel screen with microprism ring and
spl it-image rangefinder, bring the two halves of the
split-image visible in the centre of the viewfinder into
coincidence or, in the case of subjects without pro-
minent lines, focus with the microprism ring until the
image is clearly recognizable.
12View original page 14Page 15 · Read text
tt
Aperture and depth-of-field
tcAREX35 Pre-select the aperture by turning setting ring 2. The
tcAREX3ss f/number required must be opposite setting mark 5. The
aperture depends on the depth-of-field dictated by the
type of subject. The smaller the f/number, the larger
the lens aperture and the smaller the depth-of-field.
The depth-of-field indicated by the pre-selected aperture
can be read direct from the depth-of-field scale 6 on
the lens barrel.
It covers the range from the distance opposite the set
f/number on the left to the distance opposite the same
f/number on the right. The depth-of-field can also be
checked on the ground glass screen in the viewfinder.
By pressing down pin 33 the diaphragm is stopped down
to the pre-selected value and thus the aperture or
distance can be adjusted exactly as required. When
pin 33 is pressed down again, the diaphrag,m returns
to full aperture. lt is then automatically stopped down to
the pre-selectedaperture when the shutter is released.
Focusing is also possible with the depth-of-field scale
(recommended for snap-shots). Fix the depth-of-field
required with ring 3 and scale 6 and set the indicated
f/number opposite setting mark 5 with setting ring 2.
Exact data on the depth-of-fieldare given in the enclosed
booklet of tables.
www.orphancameras.com 1 3View original page 15Page 16 · Read text
Setting the shutter speed
tcAREX35 Turn disc 19 until the shutter speed required for the
tcAREX35 S exposure engages opposite setting dot 28. Intermediate
speeds must not be used.
The shutter speed depends on the lighting conditions
and the rate at which the subject is moving. The faster
the movement, the shorter the exposure time. The
numbers on ring 19 denote fractions of a second
(60 : 1/60 sec). The orange numbers are a reminder to
use a tripod.
Shutter speed and aperture are inter-dependent. The
faster the shutter speed, the larger the aperture and
vice-versa. The speed-aperture combination is determin-
ed by the film speed, the general brightness and, when
using colour filters, their filter factor.
tcAREX35 The setting of the speed and aperture can be determined
with waistlevel with the use of tables, but even more accurately with
or pentaprism a photo-electric ZEISS IKON-VOIGTLANDER exposure
viewfinder meter. The exposure meter is indispensible, especially
for colour exposures, as colour films must have exact
exposure.
Preparationsfor exposure
measurements
Battery
ICAREX3S The Mallory PX 13 battery inserted in the camera to
with exposure operate the exposure meter will last about one year
meter in penta- under normal use.
prism viewfinder When testing in the open at average brightness with the
ICAREX 35 S camera set at 1/60 sec., the battery is still in working
order as long as the exposure meter needle moves
across the entire acceptance field on turning the aper-
ture ring after the diaphragm stop-down pin has been
depressed and, with ICAREX 35 S only, the rapid
advance lever swung out. lf this is not the case, the
battery must be changed. New batteries are obtainable
from photographic dealers.
1 4View original page 16Page 17 · Read text
Apertures
Exposure meter needle
Setting triangle
Changingthe battery
tcAREX3s It is accessible after lifting up battery holder 54. When
with exposure inserting a new battery, make sure that it is poled to
meter in penta- match the signs on the holder.
prism viewfinder
ICAREX 35 S tt is accommodated underneath cover 40 which is removed
after being turned to the left. When inserting a new
battery, make sure that it is poled to match the signs
on the cover.
Exposuremeasurement
Do not forget to set the film speed
ICAREX35 S To operate the exposure meter, main switch 29 must be
switched on by swinging out rapid advance lever 30 into
the working position and diaphragm stop-down pin 33
must be pressed down.
After pre-selecting the shutter speed, sight the subject
with the camera in a horizontal position, even if the
exposure is to be made with the camera in the verti-
cal holding position. Turn aperture ring 2 until the
exposure meter needle in the viewfinder or under win-
dow 22 on the camera is exactly in the centre of the
triangular mark.
The aperture thus set is indicated on the lens barrel or
in the viewfinder under the orange setting mark.
www.orphancameras.com 1 5View original page 17Page 18 · Read text
lf a definite aperture is required for the exposure, pre-
select this aperture and turn shutter speed disc 19 to set
the exposure meter needle in the centre of the triangle.
Only a click-in shutter speed must be used, otherwise
slightly adjust the aperture setting.
On changing to longer exposure times, the lower measur-
ing limit of the exposure meter (referred to full lens
aperture), depending on the film speed set, will be
reached. For example, with 21 DIN on changing from
1/4 sec to 1/2 sec or with 24 DIN between 1/8 sec and
1/4 sec, etc. In order to avoid any unintentionalcrossing
of this limit, the measuring circuit is switched-over elec-
trically, so that adjustment is no longer possible.
This switch-over is visible even when the exposure meter
is switched off, because a slight zero current still flows
for technical reasons in the measuring circuit; it does
not have any influence, however, on the service life of
the battery.
On setting to the flash symbol, the exposure meter is
always switched-over and thus measurement is not
possible.
lf the indicator below window 22 is used for exposure
measurement, for instance, when using a tripod, the
viewfinder eyepiece must be covered, otherwise stray
light can influence the exposure measurement and result
in under-exposure. In this case, move lever 23 to the
left (red dot becomes visible).
See also "Notes on exposure measurement" page 19.
Exposuremeasurement
' .
tcAREX3s For exposure measurement, one of the three focusing
with exposure screens A, B or C (see page 10 * 11) must be inserted
meter in penta- in the camera.
prism viewfinder
Setting thb film speed
Set disc 48 at 1/60 sec. Press down disc 51 so that it
clicks out of position and then turn it with the two pins
until the film speed given on the film packing or in the
accompanying instructions for use is exactly opposite
setting mark 47 or 53. lf the required number is not
engraved on the scale, set at a suitable intermediate
ratin g.
Please note! The exposure meter in the pentaprism
viewfinder operates only in combination with the camera
and with the diaphragm stop-down pin 33 in the de.
pressed position.
16View original page 18Page 19 · Read text
Controls
47 Setting mark for ASA film speed
48 Shutter speed setting disc with scale
49 Setting mark for shutter speed and correction factors
50 ASA film speed scale
51 Film speed setting disc
52 DIN film speed scale
53 Setting mark for DIN film speed
54 Battery holder (swung out) with loaded battery
53
il
48
49
50
www.orphancameras.comView original page 19Page 20 · Read text
Setting mark
Exposure meter needle
Apertures
Setting the exposure values
The shutter speed selected in accordance with the pre-
vaiting conditions and set on the camera is transferred
to the exposure meter. To do this, turn disc 48 until
the relevant vatue engages at setting mark 49. Sight
the subject with the camera held in a horizontal position,
even if the exposure is to be made with the camera in
the vertical holding position. Press down the diaphragm
stop-down pin on the camera (exposure meter is switch-
ed on) and turn the aperture ring on the lens barrel
until the exposure meter needle in the viewfinder is
zeroed. The resulting aperture is indicated on the lens
barrel and in the viewfinder. Applicable is the f/number
opposite the orange setting mark. lf the exposure meter
needle cannot be zeroed by turning the aperture ring,
an alternative shutter speed must be selected.
When setting a film speed from 21 DIN to 31 DIN or
100 ASA to 1600 ASA, the speed setting at disc 48,
owing to the lower measuring limit being reached, is
mechanically limited by increasingly shorter exposure
times, in order to avoid incorrect measurements.Starting
from these limit settings (at full aperture) other desired
speed-aperture combinations can be easily determined
by using conversion factors
lf a definite aperture is required for the exposure, reverse
1 8View original page 20Page 21 · Read text
the measurement procedure. Pre-select the aperture on
the aperture ring, press down the diaphragm stop-down
pin and turn shutter speed disc 48 to zero the exposure
meter needle. Only a click-in shutter speed must be
used, otherwise slightly adjust the aperture setting. Read
the shutter speed at setting mark 49 and transfer to the
shutter speed disc on the camera. The orange numbers
are a reminder to use a tripod.
ft
Exposuremeasurement
tcAREX3s Please use the eyecup for the measurement. lt guaran-
TGAREX35S tees that no stray light can cause incorrect measurement.
Do not fold back the eyecup.
We advise spectacle wearers to screw eyesight correc-
tion lenses in the viewfinder eyepiece (see accessories).
Exposure measurement is throught-the-lens light meter-
ing. The light falls on two CdS photo-resistors. These
control the battery power in relation to the incident light.
The exposure metering has standard calibration. lt pro-
vides correct exposure for average conditions. Correction
is however necessary for againstthe-light exposures or
dark subjects against a bright background or for subjects
of low contrast (overcast sky, snow landscapes).
ln this case, open the aperture after taking the measure-
ment by Uz to 1 stop. With subjects of high contrast, in
particular, very bright subjects against dark backgrounds,
cfose the aperture after the measurementby 1/zto 1 stop.
TGAREX3s With this camera, the desired modifications in the
withpentaprism exposure are made on the exposure meter with the aid
viewfinderand of index f 1 (longer exposure) or - 1 (shorter exposure)
CdSexposure instead of setting mark 49 and by re-setting the aperture.
meter The speed disc setting on the camera must not be
changed.
www.orphancameras.com 1 9 *View original page 21Page 22 · Read text
lf no change in the aperture is desired, the exposure
meter must be adjusted and the reading at + 1 or - 1
transferred to the speed disc on the camera.
ICAREX35S Here the procedure is the same as indicated above, in
that either the aperture is opened up or stopped down
accordingly after the measurement,or the exposure time
is either shortened or lengthened.
tcAREX3s In order to avoid unnecessary battery drain, switch off
ICAREX35S the exposure meter during long pauses between use.
To do this, the diaphragm stop-down pin is raised or,
in the case of the ICAREX35S, main switch 29 is pressed
back into its initial position by the rapid advance lever.
The exposure
tcAREX35 When taking a shot, press down release button '16rapidly
tcAREX35S and smoothly. The mirror swings up, the diaphragm closes
down to the pre-set lens aperture and the focal-plane
shutter travels at the pre-set speed. lmmediately after-
wards, the mirror returns to its position for viewfinder
focusing and the diaphragm returns to full lens aperture.
When the diaphragm stop-down pin is depressed, the
diaphragm always remains at the set value, however,
after release and tensioning.
Working with a depressed diaphragm stop-down pin is
specially recommended when variable Iighting conditions
necessitate frequent adjustment of the exposure meter.
To tension rapid advance iever 30 always swing it
through until it stops.
tcAREX3s When the shutter has been released, green dot 15
disappears to indicate that the camera must be tensioned
for the next exposure.
tcAREX3sS When the shutter has been released, a warning mark
appears in the bottom left-hand corner of the viewfinder
to indicate that the camera must be tensioned for the
next exposqre.
20View original page 22Page 23 · Read text
Self-timer i tcAREX3s Tension the shutter beforehand with the rapid advance
tcAREX3s S lever and then press lever 32 upwards as far as it wlll
go. On letting go the lever, about 8 seconds elapse
before automatic exposure. During this time the lever
returns to its initial position.
Time exposures (shutter setting "8") are not possible
with the delayed-actionmechanism.
Filterst
I ICAREX3s The- yellow, green, orange and red filters that are
J with available for the ICAREX can be used only with black-
F exposuremeter and-white film, whereas the UV, lkolor-A, lkolor-B, sky-
in pentaprism light and CONTAPOL can also be used with colour
viewfinder material. Filters, in bayonet mount fitting B 50, fit all
ICAREX35 S ICAREX lenses from 35 to 135 mm.
The through-the-lens light metering system means that
the filter factor is usually adjusted automatically. Only
when using the more dense colour filters for black-and-
white film is it advisable after exposure measurement
to open the aperture one stop or increase the exposure
time by one full value (corresponding to filter factor 2x).
On the pentaprism viewfinder with exposure meter for
use with ICAREX 35, the exposure time is extended by
setting correction factor "+ 1".:t.
* Flashexposures
]CAREX3s When the flash symbol on disc '19 is set at mark 28,
tcAREX3s S the contact is so controlled that the different flashbulbs
and electronic guns are fired at the correct moment.
Contact for firing the flashbulbs, e. 9., type AG, is made
in socket 34 (flashbulb symbol), for electronic guns in
socket 35 (flash symbol). The flash unit itself can be
slipped, on |CAREX35, into accessory shoe 13 (only
possible with pentaprism viewfinders) or, on ICAREX 35 S,
into accessory shoe 25; attachment to tripod socket 38
is also possible on both cameras by means of a rail.
When using flash units with M-contact (no cable), thet electrical connection to the camera is by means of an
adapter which is available from photographic dealers;
flash symbols.#, thethe twocable of the adapter must be connected to one of www.orphancameras.com
€ 21View original page 23Page 24 · Read text
Exposures
with monocular8 x 30 B
tcAREX3s When using monocular 8 x 30 B, whieh can be attached
withcds in front of ZEISSTESSAR 2.8150with an adapter ring,
exposure meter the lens is stopped down to a f ixed smaller aperture.
in pentaprism During exposure measurement, the aperture ring must
viewfinder therefore be set at full aperture. Actual measurement
TGAREX3s S is made by turning speed ring 48 or 19.
Changingthe lens
tcAREX35 The lenses of the ICAREX cameras are f itted to the
ICAREX35S camera by means of a thread mount.
When removing or attaching the lens, diaphragm stop-
down pin 33 must be in its initial position, i. e., out,
in order to avoid any damage to the diaphragm stop-
down mechanism.
22View original page 24Page 25 · Read text
Removingthe lenses
Unscrew anti-clockwise.
Attachingthe lenses
Do not cant! Place on level and screw in clockwise until
a slight resistance is felt.
Glose-ups
tcAREX35 In addition to the focusing range of the lenses,close-ups
tcAREX3s S up to an image scale of 3:1 are possible with supple-
mentary lenses, extension tubes and a bellows extension
unit. The tables booklet contains not only all the neces-
sary tables but also a diagram showing the exposure
ranges that can be obtained in this way. Since the
reduced depth-of-field in close-r:ps requires additional
stopping down, which in most cases results in longer
exposure times, the use of a tripod and cable release
are recommended.
Reference is made here to our table copying unit and
our universal copying unit REPROPHOT.The latter unit
is equipped with a focusing slide which is practically
indispensiblefor close-ups.
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