Gossen Sixtomat User manual

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::';t::il:::1"0,i,"                            sreor versoririty or your srxroMAT As
your will see, it is for more thon o precision exposure meter for still
ond cine photogrophy, for block ond white or colour film, for use
with doylight or ortificio I light. With your SIXTOMAT X 3 you con
determine:
 l. Correct exposure by meosuring reflected light.
 2. Correct exposure by meosuring incident light, which furthermore
   permits proper boloncing of the most fovouroble lighting.
 3. Correct lighting for colour photogrophy by the meosurement of
   colour temperoture.
With your SIXTOMAT X 3 you will olwoys be oble to obtoin correct
exposure ond qlso to iudge thot the lighting is suitoble.

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How to sel the Film Speed Dlol of the SlXT0tlAT x 3 with ronge ro ASA 1600
For the Americon.morket,_the Sixtomot x 3 is supplied with o film speed
dioldioldlol colibrotedcolibrotedcoltbroted bnlybnlybnly forfortor ASAASAA5A exposureexposureexposure indexindexindex num6ers.num6ers.numbers. ThisThisThis specispeciolspeciol coiibro,colibro.
tion shows the complete ASA siole from ASA 6 to ASA 1600                      'legibility,To ossure utmost         the numbers ore engroved so thot the
frequently used:
    ASA 1600 -800-400 -200 - 100 - 50 - 2s_12 _ 6
ore on one holf of the number disk, ond oll other numbers:
ASA  1 280 - I 000 - 640- 500 - 320 - 2s0 -t 60 - I 25 - 80 - 64 - 40 -32 - 20 - I 6 - I 0 - 8
ore on the other holf of the disk.
A seporole block lndex mork for eoch holf of the disk is engroved on the
lojoli1g knurled ring oround rhe number disk.
TO SEIthe meter fr6m o hig.her,lo o lower A.qA numbe.r, rotote the knurl-
edsu ringnng ctocKwtseclockwise osasror                                   11tt willgowilt go eosily;eosily; thenInen Turnturn flnoring ogoinstoqotnst rotchetrotchet                      f9r.gsoswheel resistonce until block ind-ex mor'k-hos 'clicked'*int6 position ot
the desired number. To set from lower to higher number, turn ring counter-                                                           -clockwise in the some monner os obove.

I
I tIRST 0t ALL: Fllfn SENSITIVITY
 Turn the knurled knob to the left or right until the index line clicks
 into ploce for the speed of your film.

 MEASUREIUIENT OT HAIR.lIN E ACCURACY
 Whether you use the reflected lighf or incident light method, you
 obtoin the correct reoding in the some foshion. Turn the odiusting
 knob until the curved diogonol line runs exqctly through the point ot
 which the needle inlersects the index line. You now hove q perfect
 cross of hoir-line occurocy, ond the result of your meosurement  is
 reody for reoding off from the window obove.

APERTURE AND SHUTTER SPEED
Your SIXTOMAT X 3 indicotes o series of f stop ond shutter speed
poirs. You select smoll lens opening if you need greoter depth of
field, fost shutter speed to "stop" fost oction.
                                                                                                  rlz,o) Upper left picture opp.: The shutter speed here is the normo I
    tlr, 1/ro sec. etc., ond you reod the exposure times shown obove
   the F stop scole.
b) Upper right picture opp.: For the shutter speeds rlz, rla, rla sec. etc.,
  you reod the exposure times below the f stop scole.
c) occosionolly, the figures for shutter speed ond f stop will not
   exoctly correspond. In this cose use the neqrest shutter speed
  shown ond set the f stop to on intermediote volue os indicoted
  by your SIXTOMAT X 3.

IO R CATN E RAS WITH lIGHT VAlUE SCAlE
 lf your Comero feotures the new "Synchro-Compur with light volue
scole" your SIXTOMAT X 3 is equipped to give you immediote light
volue reoding.
After you hove found the hoir-line cross, you simply reod the red
figure which oppeors obove the smoll green triongle of the extreme
left hqnd corner of the lowest scole. You tronsfer the red light vqlue
found on the SIXTOMAT X 3 to your compur shutfer ond your Cq-
mero is properly set. By turning the lorge knurled ring on the shutter
you select the f stop shutter speed poir which is most suitoble for
the type of picture you wont to toke. As long os the f stop lever
remoins set on the light volue indicoted by the meter, the correct
exposure combinotion will be mointoined, The light volue scqle olso
permits reoding of intermediote volues (holf light volues) ond they
olso con be set on the shutter.

REFlECTED TIGHI TUIEASURETNENT . PRINCIPlE
Slide the Roller blind bock os for os it will go. The light reflected by
the scene or obiect to be photogrophed now flowifreely through
the honeycomb lenses of the photocell of your SIXTOMAT X 3. Theie
 it is tronsformed into on electric current. The omount of current pro-
duced corresponds to the brightness of the obiect. The pointer indi-
cotion is olso q meqsure of how much light reoches the film during
exposure.
ln using this reflected light method olwoys tqke o reoding of your
slxroMAT x 3 from the comero position ro thot of the ob-iect. thrt
the _ expo.sure meter qnd comero see the sub ject in the some woy.
And this ogreement is mode complete becouse the opticol system
the cooted honeycomb lens mokes the ongle of occeptonce of the"t
SIXTOMAT X 3 conform to the ongle of mJst normql comero lenses.

RETTECIED I.IGHT TNEASUREMENT - APPlICAIION
You will olwoys hove excellent results if you remember to meosure
the most importont ports of the subiect. Very bright surroundings con
folsify the reoding (underexposure). For this reoson sunshine, strong
reflected light or lomps must never be ollowed to shine directly on
the honeycomb lens. In the open oir hold your SIXTOMAT X 3 slightly
downwords. Thus the reoding comes from the importont foreground,
ond eliminotes the bright sky os o source of error. Dork surroundings
con olso be misleoding, but the resulting over-exposure is usuolly
negligible. The method of  ref lected light meosurement is recom-
mended for oll overoge subiects. However, if there ore strong con-
trosts you should tqke o reoding close to the importont port of the
picture, moking sure not to let your own body cost o shodow over
the subiect.

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    INCIDENT lIGHI MEASUREMENT - PRINCIPI.Ei
       In this cose the light illuminoting the scene or subiect insteod of the
        light reflected by it is meosured. lt is this illuminotion, ofter oll, thot is
I     responsible for brightness of the scene ond therefore for the exposure.I
    As the light is now coming from mony different directions, o lorger
      meosuring ongle becomes necessory. The normol ongle of occeptonce,
      limited so qs to be suitoble for Ref lected Light meosurement, becomes
      unsuitqble for the Incident Light method. Therefore you nowslidethe
      diffusing Roller blind over the front of the honeycomb lens up to the
     red lines. You now point your SIXTOMAT X 3 horizontolly from the
      subiect to the position from which you will toke the photogroph.

INCIDENT lIGHT MEASURETTIENT . APPlICATION
 The Incident Light method is simple ond olwoys reliobfe if you reolise
  thot your SIXTOMAT X 3 hos to meosure illuminqtion os neorly os
  possible from the position of the subiect. Point the exposure meter,
 which now hos the Roller blind over the lens, to the Comero position,
 moking sure thot your SIXTOMAT X 3 ond the side of the subiect
' focing the comero receive the sCIme illuminotion from the some
  direction.
 With inoccessible subiects the normol method of meosuring incident
  light connot be used. ln spite of this on occurote reoding con be
 obtoined; select o substitute point which receives ihe sqme light os
 your subiect so for os strength ond direction is concerned.

COTOUR TEfUIPERATURE TUIEASUREMENT . PRINCIPlE
Colour Films ore rnode either for normol doylight (Colour tem-
peroture 58000 K) or for tungsten light (32OOo K). The higher the colour
temperoture the richer is the light in blue roys; the lower the colour
temperoture, the richer the red content. The eyes connot be sofely
relied on to iudge these differences. Even o slight voriotion from
correct lighting ccrn couse the most disoppointing results-especiolly
with reversof  f ilm   unless coref u lly guorded ogoinst. The colour                   -finder on the reverse of the SIXTOMAT X 3 mokes possible the
meosurement of colour temperoture by meons of o simple comporison
of the red field on the right hond side with fhe five squore fields
on the left hond side. Whichever of these most neorly opproximotes
to the colour of the comporison field then this one indicotes the
colour femperoture of the existing light.

COI.OUR TETUIPERATURE TUIEASURETNENT - PRACTICE
Open the colour finder by gently pressing the door on the bock of
the Meter in the direction of the knurled knob ond point the colour
field in the direction of the light folling on your subiect. The colour
reoding should be token with the colour finder os for os possible
held verticolly in line with the flot field of view thot is to be
meosured. You will notice differences in Colour Temperotures from
different ports of the sky. You choose the most fovouroble position
for your Comero, or woit, if need be, for o more suitoble iime. In
ortificiol light you con odiust the position of your lomps ond reflec-
tors to compensote if necessory. lf the illuminoiion is not influenced,
correction filters ploced in front of your lens will often help (see
toble on inside bock cover).

PROPER TXPOSURE - PROPER lIGHIING
Effective lighting ploys its port in the completeness of your photo-
grophs. You con select lighting for strong or smqll controst or overoll
evenness. Prepore the meter for Incident Light by sliding the roller
blind into position, ond meosure the illunrinotion from the subiect in
every direction, thot is, towords oll light sources. Some subiects, for
instonce reproductions, require even illuminotion oll over, ond the
needle shoufd remoin in the some position while the SIXTOMAT X 3
is turned in oll directions.
Other subiects, such os chqrocter studies, moy require controst
between the bosic illuminotion ond the high lights, which you con
eosily oscertoin with the help of the light volue scole. In generql, the
rotio for colour film should not exceed 2 to 1; but with block ond
white considerobly nlore lotitude is possible.